Burgeson

Calories Out:Importance of Quality Physical Education and ActivityNASBE/NSBA Obesity Prevention Policy SymposiumLittle Rock, ARJuly 10, 2008 : 

Calories Out:Importance of Quality Physical Education and ActivityNASBE/NSBA Obesity Prevention Policy SymposiumLittle Rock, ARJuly 10, 2008 Charlene R. Burgeson Executive Director National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) NASPE Sets the Standard

About NASPE : 

About NASPE 16,000 member professional association Physical education teachers, coaches, athletic directors, researchers, and college/university faculty Largest of five national associations of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) Vision: A society in which all individuals are physically educated and participate in lifelong physical activity

Today’s Discussion : 

Today’s Discussion What are quality physical education and activity programs? Why are they important? How are US schools doing? What policy support exists at the federal level? What are the policy opportunities at the state and local levels? What examples and resources exist?

What are quality physical education and activity programs? : 

What are quality physical education and activity programs?

Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program : 

Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program Quality physical education School-based physical activity opportunities Physical activity breaks Recess for elementary schools students Intramural activities Interscholastic sports Walk/bike to school School employee wellness and involvement Family and community involvement

Goal of Physical Education : 

Goal of Physical Education To develop physically educated individuals who have the knowledge, skills, and confidence to enjoy a lifetime of healthful physical activity To guide youngsters in the process of becoming physically active for a lifetime

Quality Physical Education : 

Quality Physical Education Opportunity to learn Qualified teachers Adequate time Meaningful content Appropriate instruction Evidence of learning Student assessment Program evaluation

Physical Activity vs. Physical Education : 

Physical Activity vs. Physical Education Physical activity = behavior Physical education = curricular area that teaches about physical activity Students are physically active in physical education, but students are not (comprehensively) physically educated at recess or through sport participation

Why are quality programs important? : 

Why are quality programs important?

Benefits of Physical Activity : 

Benefits of Physical Activity Helps build and maintain healthy bones and muscles Helps reduce the risk of developing obesity and chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease Reduces feelings of depression and anxiety and promotes psychological well-being

Physical Activity and Academic Achievement : 

Physical Activity and Academic Achievement 2003 review of all known literature – small but positive association existed with cognition performance (e.g., paper/pencil tests, computer tasks) Overweight children (kindergarten) scored significantly lower on math and reading tests compared to those with a healthy body weight (at end of 1st grade), 2004 Student who were highly active during physical education class received better grades in school, 2006

Physical Activity and Academic Achievement (cont’d) : 

Physical Activity and Academic Achievement (cont’d) Students who were highly active during PE class received better grades in school, 2006 Positive relationship between physical fitness scores and math and reading standardized test scores in 3rd and 5th graders, 2007 Negative relationship between body weight and math and reading standardized test scores in 3rd and 5th graders, 2007 Elementary school girls, who were vigorously active during class, were more likely to do well in math and reading, 2008

National Recommendations : 

National Recommendations Physical activity At least 60 minutes, and up to several hours, a day of physical activity Physical education ES: at least 150 minutes/week MS, HS: at least 225 minutes/week

IOM ReportPreventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance, 2005 : 

IOM ReportPreventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance, 2005 “Because children spend over half of their day in school, the committee felt it reasonable to recommend that at least 30 minutes, or half of the recommended daily physical activity time, be accrued during the school day.”

Strong Public Support : 

Strong Public Support Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Survey, 2004 85% of parents and 81% of teachers believe students should be required to take PE every day at every grade level 75% of parents and teachers believe that school boards should not eliminate PE for budgetary reasons or to meet stricter academic standards NASPE Surveys, 2003, 2002 95% of parents said that PE should be included in the school curriculum for all students K-12 92% of teens said that they should receive daily PE

How are US schools doing? : 

How are US schools doing?

Among U.S. High School Students: : 

Only 35% meet current physical activity recommendations (at least 60 min/day for 5+ days/week) Among U.S. High School Students: And 25% do not participate in 60 min/day on any day of the week CDC, National Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2007

Percent of Schools That Require Physical Education, By Grade : 

Percent of Schools That Require Physical Education, By Grade Elementary Schools (K-5) 50% for kindergarten 57-58% for grades 1-4 61% for grade 5 Middle Schools (6-8) 66-68% High School (9-12) 55% for grade 9 33% for grade 10 20% for grades 11-12 CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006

Students Receiving Daily Physical Education : 

Students Receiving Daily Physical Education Daily physical education 4% of elementary schools 8% of middle schools 2% of high schools 22% of schools did not require students to take any physical education CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006

Percentage of U.S. High School Students Who Attended Physical Education Classes Daily, 1991 - 2007 : 

CDC, National Youth Risk Behavior Survey Percentage of U.S. High School Students Who Attended Physical Education Classes Daily, 1991 - 2007

Federal Policy : 

Federal Policy

PEP Act : 

PEP Act Carol M. White Physical Education Program (PEP) Authorized as part of NCLB Purpose: Grant funds for physical education curricula, equipment, and professional development Funded since FY 2001 Last three years – approximately $73 million

FIT Kids Act : 

FIT Kids Act NCLB – up for reauthorization in 2008 Strengthen physical education and physical activity in NCLB Multiple measures Report cards Professional development Parent involvement Study and pilot program www.fitkidsact.org

Child Nutrition Act – Local School Wellness Policies : 

Child Nutrition Act – Local School Wellness Policies Up for reauthorization in 2009 Current language: Include goals for nutrition education, physical activity, and other school-based activities designed to promote student wellness in a manner that the local educational agency determines appropriate NASPE, NANA, and others to advocate for: Include goals for nutrition education and promotion, physical education, physical activity, and other school-based activities….

State and Local Policy : 

State and Local Policy

Critical State and Local Policyfor Physical Education : 

Critical State and Local Policyfor Physical Education State standards for physical education State physical education coordinator School district physical education coordinators Certified physical education teachers Professional development and recertification requirements Adequate time No exemptions/waivers/substitutions Appropriate class size

Critical State and Local Policyfor Other School Physical Activity : 

Critical State and Local Policyfor Other School Physical Activity Recess for elementary school students Qualified interscholastic sport coaches Professional development and recertification requirements for coaches Safe routes to school Building/renovating schools – consideration to physical education/sport facilities/spaces Use of school facilities/spaces by community

State Physical Education Coordinator : 

State Physical Education Coordinator Undergraduate or graduate degree in physical education (“qualified”) – 30 states 51% or more time dedicated to physical education – 14 states Both of the above – 11 states AZ, AR, DE, HI, IA, MS, NJ, NY, NC, SC, WY NASPE & AHA, Shape of the Nation Report 2006

State Certification/Licensure : 

State Certification/Licensure States that require teacher certification/licensure in physical education Elementary school – 28 states (57%) Middle school – 43 states (84%) High school – 46 states (90%) NASPE & AHA, Shape of the Nation Report 2006

Qualified Teachers : 

Qualified Teachers Have an undergraduate or graduate training in PE or a related field – 80% To be state certified, licensed or endorsed in PE – 77% Percentage of schools that required newly hired physical education teachers to: CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006

Physical Education DataCurriculum : 

Physical Education DataCurriculum Elementary schools – 30% Middle schools – 36% High schools – 34% Percentage of districts that required schools to use a particular physical education curriculum: CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006

State Requirements for Student Assessment : 

State Requirements for Student Assessment 15 states require student assessment in physical education 11 states – physical fitness levels 10 states – knowledge of physical education content 9 states – motor/movement skills 3 states – participation in physical activity outside of physical education class NASPE & AHA, Shape of the Nation Report 2006

Exemptions/Waivers/Substitutions : 

Exemptions/Waivers/Substitutions 18 states (35%) – provide exemptions/waivers to school districts 27 states (53%) – permit schools districts/schools to allow substitutions by students ROTC – 18 states Interscholastic sports – 17 states Marching band – 11 states NASPE & AHA, Shape of the Nation Report 2006

State Policy Examples : 

State Policy Examples

Ohio – The Breakthrough : 

Ohio – The Breakthrough 2007 State standards for physical education State physical education consultant All schools report amount of physical education

Tennessee – Building the Foundation : 

Tennessee – Building the Foundation 2006 State physical education specialist All schools must incorporate 90 minutes per week of physical activity into the instructional day for K-12

Oregon – The Phase-In Approach : 

Oregon – The Phase-In Approach 2007 By 2017-2018 school year: All elementary schools must provide 150 minutes a week of physical education All middle schools must provide 225 minutes a week for physical education Grant program to support schools Statewide inventory of physical education instruction

Florida – Stepping It Up : 

Florida – Stepping It Up 2007 All elementary schools must provide 150 minutes of physical education per week 2008 All elementary and middle schools must provide 30 minutes of continuous exercise for students daily

Illinois – Closing the Loophole : 

Illinois – Closing the Loophole One of only two states in the country to require PE in every grade K-12 (also Massachusetts) However, Illinois granted waivers to school districts regarding PE time/credit requirements and permitted school districts to allow students to substitute other activities for required PE credit Survey showed that the state granted about 99% of requested waivers 2007 Maximum years for waiver from five to two years Maximum of two renewals (previously no limit) Thus, something that was intended as a “temporary fix” can no longer be used as a permanent solution

Accountability for Student Achievement : 

Accountability for Student Achievement California Texas South Carolina

Grants for Physical Education : 

Grants for Physical Education Oregon – $860,000 New Mexico – $1.3 million Texas – $20 million California – $500 million (Arts and PE)

Resources : 

Resources

Key Data Sources : 

Key Data Sources School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2006, CDC www.cdc.gov/shpps Shape of the Nation Report: Status of Physical Education in the USA, 2006, NASPE www.naspeinfo.org/shapeofthenation National Coaching Report, 2008, NASPE www.naspeinfo.org/coachingreport (Aug 6, 2008)

Implementation Resources : 

Implementation Resources NASPE, www.naspeinfo.org CDC/DASH, www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth NASBE, www.nasbe.org Fit, Healthy, and Ready to Learn – School Health Policy Guide Series State School Health Policy Database NSBA, www.nsba.org 101 packets (physical activity, wellness policies) School Health Resource Database

Slide 45: 

www.naspeinfo.org/stars

Contact Info : 

Contact Info NASPE website: www.naspeinfo.org Phone: (703)476-3410 E-mail: naspe@aahperd.org cburgeson@aahperd.org