Human Excretory system

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Human Excretory system : 

Human Excretory system

Slide 2: 

ABHA PUSHP

DEFINITION : 

DEFINITION The term excretion is made from two words-`ex’ which means out and `crete’ means to flow.The process of removal of waste products from the body is known as excretion.

Excretory organs - : 

Excretory organs - Kidney - These are the primary excretory organs throwing out excretory products in the form of urine. Large intestine - undigested food is removed from large intestine and thrown out of the body through anus.

Slide 5: 

Skin - It eliminates excess of water urea ,salts and other metabolic wastes in the form of sweat .sweat is secreted from sweat gland. Lungs - Carbondioxide and water vapour are the respiratory wastes which are exhaled through nostrils. Liver - Dead RBC and excess of amino acids and proteins and removed from the body in the form of urea from liver by blood.

Urinary system : 

Urinary system Blood circulates in the body and collects water and waste products from different body organs .now blood needs to be filtered so it enters the urinary system which consists of- 1)kidney 2)ureter 3)urinary bladder 4)urethra

1. Kidney : 

1. Kidney These are two bean- shaped organs about 10 cm long ,and 6cm wide located on either side of backbone.Right side kidney is slightly lower than left side.

Structure of internal kidney : 

Structure of internal kidney Each kidney has two layers a thin outer covering the cortex forming a capsule and inner layer is medulla.The basic structural and functional unit of kidney is nephron .

Structure of nephron- : 

Structure of nephron- There are more than a million nephrons in each kidney.Each nephron consists of cup like structure called Bowman’s capsule and long tubular structure.Bowman’s capsule lies in cortex part while urinary tubules lies in medullar part.Inside Bowman’s capsule lies network of capillaries called glomerulus.Water and waste like urea ,salt filter in to the cup from blood in the glomerulus .Then the clean blood flows out of kidney while water flow in to urinary tubules.

Urinary tubules - : 

Urinary tubules - Glomerulus along with urinary tubules constitute malpighian body.Many urinary tubules come together in medulla to form collecting tubules which are in turned surrounded by network of renal capillaries.Many collecting tubules further join to form bigger tube,the ureters.Urine formed in the collecting tubules into the ureter which take to urinary bladder.

2.Ureter - : 

2.Ureter - A tube ,ureter arises from the notch in the median surface of each kidney connects behind with the urinary bladder.Ureters are thin walled ,urine carrying ducts they run downward from each kidney to open into urinary bladder.

3.Urinary bladder— : 

3.Urinary bladder— It is elastic sac like structure where urine is stored. It size varies with amount of urine present in it.The desire to urinate begins when the bladder is half full.

4.Urethra— : 

4.Urethra— Urine is carried through duct called urethra and finally discharged from the body.

4.Urethra— : 

4.Urethra— Urine is carried through duct called urethra and finally discharged from the body.

Urine excretion : 

Urine excretion Process of expelling urine from urinary bladder through urethra by relaxation of sphincter muscles located at the opening of urinary bladder into urethra under impulse from nervous system is called as micturition.

Constituents of urine- : 

Constituents of urine- Normal human urine consists of about 95%water and 5% solid waste dissolved in it. Organic in (g/l)-urea(2.3),creatinine(1.5),uric acid(0.7) Inorganic in (g/l)-sodiumchloride(NaCl), potassium chloride(KCl),sulphuric acid,ammonia and others.