Bhatt

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BIOFUEL-ECONOMIC & ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS & TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT KATHMANDU-NEPAL 11-15 DECEMBER,2006 Bisman Fintech Pvt. Ltd

Introduction: 

Introduction First World War - Germany’s aggressive expansionism   Second World War – Capitalism v/s. Socialism Cold War - Soviet Union disintegration Oil War Exponential Expansion- Limited World resources Bankim Bhatt

Oil Politics: 

Oil Politics The major objective: Control over major oil producers of Middle East Financial inducements, military support, coups & regime changes Story of Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Afghanistan. Bankim Bhatt

Oil Reserves: 

Oil Reserves The oil politics and economics in three areas: Central Asia Latin America Middle East Central Asia Latin America Middle East Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan Bankim Bhatt

International Outlook : 

International Outlook World Oil Demand Rising 47% to 118 Million Barrels / day by 2030 from 80 Million BPD / 2003. India and China will account for 43% increase in Global Oil Consumption. Average Economic Growth of 5.5% PA till 2030 will lead to 3% Annual Increase in demand for oil in Asian Non OECD countries. The oil price projections for 2030 range between $34 and $96. Saudi Arabia Oil Reserve Highest at 264.3 billion barrels – followed by Canada and Iran. India’s Reserve pegged at 5.8 Billion Barrels. (Source:-US Dept. of Energy) Bankim Bhatt

Oil Prices Movements: 

Oil Prices Movements Bankim Bhatt

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Fuel is an organic material Available for consumption On non-renewable & renewable basis Converted in to energy Fuel Bankim Bhatt

Sources of Biomass: 

Sources of Biomass Herbaceous Energy Crops Woody Energy Crops Industrial Crops. Agricultural Crops Aquatic Crops Agriculture Crop Residues Forestry Residues Municipal Waste Biomass Processing Residues Animal Wastes Bankim Bhatt

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Utilisation of Biomass as The Energy Source in The World Bankim Bhatt

Biofuel: 

Biofuel SOLID Organic industrial residue with high calorific value LIQUID Alcohol- Ethanol-methanol (PETROL-BLENDING) Bio-diesel GAS Methane gas Bankim Bhatt

Types of Biofuel: 

Types of Biofuel SOLID Straw and other dried plants such as Miscanthus. Animal waste such as cattle dung. Crops such as maize, rice, peanut and cotton Wood and Dried compressed peat LIQUID Bioalcohols - Ethanol, Methanol, Butanol Biologically produced oils -Straight vegetable oil (SVO), Waste vegetable oil (WVO), Biodiesel GASEOUS Bio-methane and Wood gas Gasification that produces carbon monoxide. Bankim Bhatt

Alternative Fuels/ Energy : 

Alternative Fuels/ Energy Presently in use ‘Gaseous’ fuels(LPG,CNG/LNG,Bio/Gober gas (cow dung) Nuclear energy Ethanol Wind energy Emerging fuels/ energy sources & technologies Bio-diesel Gasification (Biomass/ coal/ Petcoke/ residue) & GTL Solar/ Solar- thermal energy Wave energy Hydrogen energy Fuel cells Bankim Bhatt

Biofuels - Sources: 

Biofuels - Sources Ethanol – Molasses, Beet, Sorghum, sugar Transesterified vegetable oils (BIODIESEL) In India: Likely candidates Non edible oils Jatropha curcas Karanjia (Pongamia-Pinneta) Bankim Bhatt

Biofuels - Sources: 

Biofuels - Sources Bankim Bhatt Coconut oil Jathropa oil

Ethanol: 

Ethanol Used as a fuel or as an oxygenate to gasoline. Raw material includes sugarcane, molasses, sugar beet and cereals. Blend from 5% to 100% with gasoline in use. Bankim Bhatt

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Ethanol Bankim Bhatt

Price Structure of Ethanol: 

Price Structure of Ethanol Bankim Bhatt

Top Five Ethanol Producers-2005: 

Top Five Ethanol Producers-2005 Source: Christoph Berg Bankim Bhatt

Top Five Biodiesel producers-2005 : 

Top Five Biodiesel producers-2005 Source: F.O.Licht Bankim Bhatt

Biodiesel-Economic Benefits: 

Biodiesel-Economic Benefits Renewable liquid fuels Biological raw material Good Substitute for oil in the transportation sector Environment friendly Greening of waste lands by plantation Enhancing energy security Restricting imports Increasing rural employment Improving Agriculture economy Bankim Bhatt

Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel: 

Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel Renewable source – from vegetable seeds/ oils Non-toxic and biodegradable Lower greenhouse gas emissions than diesel Easy blend with diesel Lower exhaust emissions from engines up to 20% blends no modification required Better fuel properties than diesel like cetane number, sulphur content, lubricity, flash point etc. Higher concentration of oxygen due to hotosynthesis. Bankim Bhatt

Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel: 

Asthatically green environment. In tune with nature as it is a part of agriculture activity. Biofuel has the highest BTU content of any alternative fuel in its pure form (B100). In United States, biodiesel is the only alternative fuel to have successfully completed the Health Effects Testing requirements (Tier I and Tier II) of the Clean Air Act (1990). Negligible residue due to usages of by products. Development of greenery. Can be cultivated in vacant urban areas. Bankim Bhatt Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel

Important Viability Factors: 

Important Viability Factors Bio Fuel production cost competitiveness directly depends on the price of Bio Mass Feed Stock. Bio-fuel sector also depends upon stable and cheap supply of feedstock. Technology Directly depends also on evolution of Fossil Fuel Prices. Bankim Bhatt

Limiting Factors: 

Limiting Factors New Concept Lack of political will Primitive Technology  Shortage of raw material (Proximity/ Constant Supply/ Consistent Price) Bankim Bhatt

Rationalised Duty Structure: 

Rationalised Duty Structure AUSTRIA: NIL DUTY ON BIO DIESEL, ETHANOL OR ETBE BELGIUM: 100% REMISSION FOR EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS FRANCE: REDUCTION OF €0.35/LITRE ON BIO DIESEL & €0.23/LITRE ON ETBE (UPTO A LIMIT OF PRODUCTION) GERMANY: NO EXCISE DUTY ON BIO FUELS ITALY: NO EXCISE DUTY UPTO PRODUCTION OF 125000 TONS BIO DIESEL U.K.: REDUCTION OF €0.31/LITRE ON PRDUCTION OF BIO DIESEL ND ETHANOL Bankim Bhatt

Feedstock: 

Feedstock SOUND PRAGMATIC AGRICULTURE POLICY HIGHER YIELD FEEDSTOCK HIGHER CALORIFIC VALUE FEEDSTOCK REMUNERATIVE PRICE FOR CROP Bankim Bhatt

Technology: 

Technology COLLABORATION INNOVATIONS(BIOBUTANOL) Bankim Bhatt

Other Factors: 

Other Factors CARBON CREDITS REBATE IN CENTRAL TAXES USER REBATE EXIM POLICY Bankim Bhatt

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Thank You