Slide1: PO 001 –Basic Respiratory Protection (pre-requisite to Fit Tester Course PO 002) Canadian Forces Fire Marshal This course was developed by WESA (Water and Earth Science Associates Ltd.), www.wesa.ca


PO 001: PO 001 Performance statement: Understand and present basic respiratory protection. This PO is made up of 2 Stages: Stage 1 - 45 minute lesson Stage 2 - 75 minute lesson 20 minute discussion (case studies) There will be an open book quiz at the end.


Stage 1: Stage 1 During the next period we will look at: Stage 1 Legislation and Standards Respiratory System Respiratory Hazards Respiratory Protection Program Components


Relevant Legislation and Standards: Relevant Legislation and Standards Canada Labour Code (CLC), Part II, Canadian Occupational Health & Safety Regulations (COSH) PART X, Hazardous Substances, Sections 10.4, 10.19 PART XI, Confined Spaces, Section 11.2, 11.4 PART XII, Safety Materials, Equipment, Devices and Clothing, Section 12.7 Respiratory Protection Treasury Board Directives (Personal Protective Equipment) D Safe G General Safety Standards and Policies CFTO – C-87-040-000/MS-001 CSA Z94.4-02 Selection, Use and Care of Respirators CSA Z180.1-00 Compressed Breathing Air and Systems NIOSH Certified Equipment List (http://www2a.cdc.gov/drds/cel/cel_form_code.asp)


Human Respiratory System : Human Respiratory System


Human Respiratory System : Human Respiratory System Alveoli: oxygen + carbon dioxide exchange occurs across membrane Toxic contaminants (gases and particles) Immediately into the blood Particulate can become embedded in alveoli membrane - scar tissue deprives body of oxygen


Respiratory Hazards: Respiratory Hazards 2 main categories: Oxygen-deficient atmosphere < 18 % O2 (CLC COSH Part XI) Actual “normal” breathing air contains 20.9% O2 Hazardous atmosphere (enough O2) Particulates - dust, fog, mist, fumes, smoke Vapors and gases


Examples of Hazards: Examples of Hazards Particulates Aerosols, fume, dust, mist, smoke, fog, bacteria, viruses Gases/Vapours Nitrogen, Helium, Chlorine, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide Hydrocarbons – large group of substances


Why Wear a Respirator? : Why Wear a Respirator? Reduced oxygen levels Airborne hazardous substances Exposures can affect your health Reduced oxygen levels not obvious Many health effects (depending on substance) PROTECT!


When is a Respirator Required?: When is a Respirator Required? Four circumstances for respirator usage: While other control measures are being installed Maintenance or repair work Other controls are not feasible Emergencies


Respirator Protection Program (Major Components): Respirator Protection Program (Major Components) Program Administration Roles and Responsibilities Hazard Assessment Respirator Selection Fit Testing Use of Respirator Cleaning, Inspection and Maintenance Training Health Surveillance Record Keeping Program Evaluation


Roles and Responsibilities: Roles and Responsibilities Employer (DND/CF Mgmt/Command at the local level designates a qualified person as Respiratory Protection Program Administrator (RPPA) DGHS/CFMG policy development, conduct hazard assessment, conduct respirator selection (P Med Techs) and medical surveillance CFFM responsible for development, coordination, promulgation and administration of the RPP, conducts Fit Testing and provides training Supervisor/Manager shall request workplace hazard assessment and ensure the program is being used and followed Employee complies with Respiratory Protection Program (use, care, storage)


Hazard Assessment: Hazard Assessment Identify and evaluate hazards in the workplace Prepare a written report of the findings including recommendations regarding respiratory protection if required Hazard Assessment Physical + chemical properties Adverse health effects Warning properties Permissible exposure limits (TLVs, TWAEVs, OELs)


Respirator Selection: Respirator Selection Based on hazard assessment report and findings: Determine level of protection required for exposure conditions Type of respirator (air purifying, atmosphere supplying) Work practices – impediments, temperatures, habits, location, time on specific tasks


End of Stage 1: End of Stage 1 During this stage we have looked at: Relevant legislation, Human respiratory system, Respiratory hazards, Why we wear respirators, When to use a respirator, Respiratory Protection Program (RPP), Responsibilities, Hazard assessments, and Respirator selection.


Stage 2: Stage 2 During this period we will cover Stage 2 User Seal Checks and Fit Testing Use, Care and Storage Types of Respiratory Protection


Fit Testing: Fit Testing Respirator leakage is reality Studies show Lack of fit-testing that Reduced protection against atmospheric hazards Resulted in adverse health effects from over exposures Fit test to minimize leakage Attempts to select respirator most suitable for the user Determines the ability of the user to obtain a satisfactory fit and effective seal with a tight fitting face-piece


Fit Testing: Fit Testing Medical Requirement Quantitative (QNFT) – instrument provides a numeric value (Fit Factor) of the level of fit. Testing may be computerized and does not rely on the wearer response * DND/CF preferred method Qualitative (QLFT) – wearer responds to a challenge agent. Test relies on wearer response odor, taste, nasal irritation * Only used by DND/CF when quantitative not available Test Protocols Note: DND/CF have adopted QNFT using a PortaCount as the Fit Testing Method to be used


Factors Affecting Fit: Factors Affecting Fit Stubble, beards, moustache, bushy sideburns or any hair around the seal area Glasses or goggles Change in facial structure, dentures Weight loss or gain


User Seal Checks: User Seal Checks Seal Checks - Do every time you put on Negative pressure seal check block inlet valves; suck in breath Positive pressure seal check block exhalation valve; blow slowly No leaks YOUR HEALTH DEPENDS ON IT!


Respirator Use: Respirator Use Have you received training? Know when to wear Know how to use Know proper filters/ cartridges Know limitations Know shelf/use life, change-out schedule Know how to maintain When in doubt, ASK!


Cleaning, Maintenance & Storage: Cleaning, Maintenance & Storage Inspection Inspect before and after each use Check facepiece for cleanliness Look for cracks or holes Check head-straps Replace cartridges/filters as required Decontamination Clean and sanitize after each use Non-alcohol wipe to maintain rubber Storage Clean and dry Place in bag


Training: Training Everyone required to wear a respirator must be trained in the proper use, care and maintenance. Training shall include: Respiratory hazards present Respirator types and limitations Proper use of respirator Proper maintenance and storage of respirator


Health Surveillance: Health Surveillance Fitness to wear a respirator Screening Form Must be completed before Fit Testing


Record Keeping: Record Keeping The RPP requires that records be kept Also as a requirement of the CLC Part II and COSH Regs


Program Evaluation: Program Evaluation RPP reviewed on a regular basis Key elements to review Corrective action for ongoing improvement


Types of Respirators: Types of Respirators Use when engineering controls and safe work practices not feasible Air-purifying - Contaminated atmosphere - Cleans the air through filter, pad or cartridge (specific filters for specific hazards) Atmosphere Supplying (SAR/SCBA) O2 deficient atmosphere or Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) atmosphere Provides compressed breathing air meeting CSA Z180.1-00 requirements


Negative Pressure Respirator: Negative Pressure Respirator Pressure inside the facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure (normal atmospheric pressure) Air contaminants can leak into the respirator, therefore it is important that the respirator fits the face effectively.


Positive Pressure Respirator: Positive Pressure Respirator The pressure inside the hood or face piece is normally positive with respect to the ambient air Air contaminants are less likely to leak into respirator


Types of Air Purifying Respirators: Types of Air Purifying Respirators Particulate filter Chemical Cartridge/Canister Combination Face piece type Negative Pressure (non-powered), Positive Pressure (powered)


Air Purifying Respirators: Air Purifying Respirators Use appropriate filter for contaminant If chemical is irritating to eyes, full face mask or gas-tight eye protection required Not for IDLH Not for oxygen deficient atmospheres Review NIOSH “Limitations for Use”


Air Purifying Filters/Cartridges: Air Purifying Filters/Cartridges 3 basic types: particulate removing vapor and gas removing combination of the two Filters and cartridges labeled according to NIOSH requirements color-coded according to NIOSH requirements specific to manufacturer (do NOT mix) filter change when breathing resistance difficult cartridges change using End of Service Life Indicator (ESLI) or change out schedule verify NIOSH limitations


Particulate Filter Respirator Types/Classes: Particulate Filter Respirator Types/Classes Types N for NOT resistant to oil aerosols R for Resistant to oil aerosols P for Proof is resistant to oil aerosols Classes 95 removes 95% of particles 99 removes 99% of particles 100 removes 99.97% of particles HEPA – High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter (Removes 99.97% of particles)


Filter Types – Mechanical Filter: Filter Types – Mechanical Filter


Chemical Cartridge Filter: Chemical Cartridge Filter


Combination Chemical/Mechanical: Combination Chemical/Mechanical


Types of Respirators: Types of Respirators Photos of various types of respirators with brief descriptions will follow


Air Purifying RespiratorFiltering Facepiece: Air Purifying Respirator Filtering Facepiece A negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the filtering medium.


Air Purifying Respirator: Air Purifying Respirator A full or half-face respirator with 2 replaceable cartridges that remove specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying elements.


Air Purifying Respirators: Air Purifying Respirators PAPR


Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR): Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) An air purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering (tight-fitting and loose-fitting)


Atmosphere Supplying Respirators: Atmosphere Supplying Respirators Used for atmospheres that are oxygen deficient, toxic or IDLH Air Supplied Respirators (SAR) also called airline respirators Air is delivered through a hose into mask Not for IDLH unless a rated auxiliary air supply is attached Constant flow, demand-flow, pressure-demand


Atmosphere Supplying Respirators (cont): Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Breathing air cylinder is carried by person on back IDLH, oxygen deficient atmosphere Demand, Pressure-demand Open circuit or closed circuit SCBA Atmosphere Supplying Respirators (cont)


Atmosphere Supplying Respirators (cont’d): Atmosphere Supplying Respirators (cont’d) Use appropriate atmosphere supplying respirators for Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) atmospheres Structural firefighting Untested confined spaces Know hazard, above IDLH concentrations Know hazard, unknown concentrations Oxygen concentration sufficiently reduced to be IDLH Qualified person says conditions are IDLH


Atmosphere Supplying Respirators (cont’d): Atmosphere Supplying Respirators (cont’d) Considerations Supplied Air Respirators (SAR) maximum hose length (300 ft) SCBA weight, limited air supply Costs of testing and maintaining supply air


Supplied Air Respirator (SAR): Supplied Air Respirator (SAR) An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user. Also called “airline respirator”


Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA): Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the user.


Stage 3: Stage 3 During the next period we will look at Case Studies for Discussion


Case Study 1: Case Study 1 SCBAs with pressure demand have been supplied for emergency rescue and confined space work. One worker will not shave his beard claiming the pressure demand will provide sufficient protection. Is the worker correct? What is the management response?


Case Study 2: Case Study 2 A very small auto body shop supplied its workers with particulate respirators that do not show they are NIOSH certified. The particulates contain some lead and a variety of solvents are used. Are the respirators adequate?


Case Study 3: Case Study 3 A worker approaches his supervisor with his respirator and states it is no good for what he is exposed to. How does the supervisor determine if the respirator is certified, and if so, what it is certified for?


Case Study 4: Case Study 4 A solvent storage tank on a base has been shut down for maintenance and purged of pure dry nitrogen (N2). What hazards may be present and what type of respiratory protection and precautions should be taken prior to entry into the tank?


End of PO 001: End of PO 001 Review your notes