Grammar Unit 3 : Grammar Unit 3 2º Bachillerato
Slide2 : I’m very happy with your results in the English exams. He said to the class, “ I’m very happy with your results in the English exams” He said to the class that he was very happy with their results
He said that he was very happy with their results He told the class that he was very happy with their results
He told them that he was very happy with their results Direct speech Indirect speech Indirect speech What’s the difference between using say and tell
say / tell : say / tell
I said / told the driver I wanted to stop
told
My mother said / told there was a letter for me
said
Everybody said / told I looked beautiful
said
Why did you say / tell the lessons were expensive?
say
Eric said / told the waiter he couldn’t pay
told
Slide4 : I didn’t say / tell Peter that I was going away
tell
Nobody said / told me that the shop was closed
told
Ann said / told that she would wait at the bus stop
said
Slide5 : RULE
tell must be followed by ………………….
Nobody told me that the shops was closed
Eric told the waiter he couldn’t pay
a personal object RULE
say ………………………………………
My mother said there was a letter
Ann said that she would wait for the bus mustn’t be followed by a personal object If say is followed by a personal object
He said me but He said to me
He said Peter that he was late but He said to Peter that he was late xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Slide6 : A police asked me what I was doing. I said that I was looking for trouble. Then he told me to follow him What are you doing? I’m looking for Trouble. Then follow me! Well, then he was right to arrest you. You were looking for trouble But Trouble is the name of my dog !
Slide7 : A police asked me what I was doing. I said that I was looking for trouble. Then he told me to follow him What are you doing? I’m looking for Trouble. Then follow me! 1 3 2 What are you doing?
He asked me what I was doing 1 2 I’m looking for Trouble
I said I was looking for trouble
Reporting a question Reporting a statement 3 Reporting an order Then follow me!
He told me to follow him
Slide8 : 1. They will make a lovely couple 2. They are going to live in Brighton 3. The bride and the groom are very nice people 4.The bride is wearing a beautiful wedding dress 5.The bride’s father bought them a big flat 6. The couple’s parents look very happy
Slide10 : 1. Miss Moore said that …………………………
Miss Moore said that they would make a lovely couple
2. They are going to live in Brighton
Mr Smith said that they were going to live in Brighton
3. Miss Goodwin said…………………………………….
Miss Jones said that the bride’s father had bought them a flat
1. They will make a lovely couple Miss Moore Mr Smith 2. They are going to live in Brighton 3. The bride’s father has bought them a flat Miss Goodwin
Slide11 : 4. Mr Robert said that………….
Mr. Robert said that the bride was wearing a beautiful dress
5. Mr Clarke said that …….
Mr Clarke said that the parents looked happy
6. Mrs . Jones said that ………………
Mrs. Jones said that the bride and the groom were very nice Mrs. Jones Mr Roberts Mr. Clarke 4. The bride is wearing a beautiful dress 6. The bride and the groom are very nice 5. The couple’s parents look happy
Rule for statements : Rule for statements The will make a lovely couple
Miss Moore said that they would make a lovely couple
2. They are going to live in Brighton
Mr Smith said that they were going to live in Brighton
3. The bride’s father has bought them a flat
Miss Jones said that the bride’s father had bought them a flat
Future ( will) changes to ….
Would
Future (Are going to) changes to …..
Past continuous (Were going )
Present perfect changes to ….
Past perfect
Slide13 : 4. The bride is wearing a beautiful dress
Mr. Robert said that the bride was wearing a beautiful dress
5. The parents look happy
Mr Clarke said that the parents looked happy
6. The bride and the groom are nice young people
Mrs. Jones said that the bride and the groom were very nice young people Present continuous changes to ……
Past continuous
Present simple changes to
Past simple
Ex. Page 30 B. : Ex. Page 30 B. 1. “ I don’t like the bands that are playing here.”
John mentioned that he didn’t like the bands that were playing there
2. “Techno music has become very popular”
Peter said that techno music had become very popular
3. “ Please, help me with this problem”
Mark begged me to help him with that problem
4. “ I will go to the concert with you next year”
Jackie offered to go to the concert with me the following year
Slide15 : 5. “ I’m sorry I missed the party”
5. Alex apologised for missing the party
He said he was sorry because he had missed the party
6. “ We were really enjoying ourselves!”
The boys insisted that they had really been enjoying themselves
Ex. Page 30 c . : Ex. Page 30 c . 1. Daniel explained that he was leaving early
“I’m leaving early”
2. Alonso said that he had always wanted to buy that disc
“ I have always wanted to buy this disc”
3. Cristina and Noemi announced that they would not go to the party
“ We will not go to the party”
4. She told me that she had been living in Madrid for several years
“ I have been living in Madrid for several years”
Slide17 : 5. She suggested going on holiday together the following week
“Let’s go on holiday together next week”
“Why don’t we go on holiday next wee”
6. Kevin informed me that the festival had taken place two years before
“The festival took place two years ago”
7. He said that he rarely listened to music
“ I rarely listen to music”
8. Julie invited me to come to her graduation
“ Come to my graduation”
Reported questions : Reported questions
Slide19 : 1. What’s your name? 2. Did you see the robbers? 3. What were they wearing? 4. How do you think they got in? 5. What did they take? 6. Has this ever happened? 1. The police office asked him what his name was
2. The police officer asked him if he had seen the robbers
3. The police officer asked him what they were wearing
Slide20 : 1. What’s your name? 2. Did you see the robbers? 3. What were they wearing? 4. How do you think they got in? 5. What did they take? 6. Has this ever happened? 4. The police officer asked him how he thought they had got in?
5. The police officer asked him what they had taken
6. The police officer asked him if that had ever happened before
RULE : RULE WH questions
(change tense and interrogative order)
“When did you go to see this film?” David asked.
David asked / wondered when they had gone to see that film
Yes/ no questions
(change tense and interrogative order and start with if or whether…)
“Are you planning to go to the party this evening?” Rita asked.
Rita asked if / whether I was planning to go to the party that evening
Introductory verbs reporting interrogative sentences
ask, inquire, request, want to know, wonder
Rita wanted to know if I was planning to go to the party had they
A. Read the pairs below. Then answer the question that follow. : A. Read the pairs below. Then answer the question that follow. 1. Are you planning to go to the party this evening?” Rita asked.
2. “ When did they go to se this film?” David wondered.
3. “What time is it? Tomás wanted to know
4. “ Do you know what time it is?” Andy asked. 1.Rita asked if / whether I was planning to go to the party this evening
2. David wondered when they had gone to see that film
3. Tomas wanted to know what time it was
4. Andy asked what time it was 1. When you report a question , are the rules the same as when we report a statement? Yes they are. The tenses change in the same way 2. Which two words can you add to report a yes/no question? If and whether 3. Is there a question mark at the end of a reported question? No. It is no longer a question 4. Which example shows a question within a question? Example 4
Ex. Page 31 B. : Ex. Page 31 B. 1. “ Are you a techno music fan?”
The journalist asked Paul ….if he was a techno music fan
2. “Why do you want to leave so soon?
Debbie asked…..why we wanted to leave so soon
3. “ How long will the flight take?”
Mrs Muñoz asked ….how long would the flight take
4. “ Did you manage to finish your homework?”
My friend asked me …if I had managed to finish my homework
Slide24 : 5. “Why did you call me?”
Sandra asked…….why I had called her
6. “Will you help me with this exercise?”
Jenny asked…..if /whether I would help her with that exercise.
7. “Do you know when Jane’s birthday is?”
He wanted to know if I knew when Jane’s birthday was.
8. “What time does the concert begin?”
David wanted to know what time the concert began
Ex. Page 31 . C : Ex. Page 31 . C Last year , I went to visit my uncle , who was working in China. As soon as I arrived at the airport , the passport officer asked me all kinds of questions. (1) He asked me if I had eve been to China before and what the purpose of my visit was. (2) He also asked me (3) which areas I intended to travel to and (4) if I had already booked hotel rooms.
After that , the customs office stopped me. He wanted to know (5) why I was travelling with so much luggage and (6) what exactly was in my bags. He inquired (7) if I had anything to declare and (8) whether I was bringing alcohol or tobacco into the country. He also asked (9) if everything in my bags belonged to me, and (10) whether anyone had asked me to take something into China for them. I had never been asked so many questions in my life, and I was glad to leave the airport! Have you ever been to china?
What is the purpose of your visit?
Which areas do you intend to visit?
Have you already booked a hotel room?
Why are you travelling with so much luggage ?
What exactly is in your bags?
Have you got anything to declare?
Are you bringing alcohol into the country?
Does everything in your bags belong to you?
Has anyone asked you to take something into China for them?
Did anyone ask you to take something into China for them?
Slide26 : 1. Don’t answer the door to anyone 3. Give the children a bath before they go to bed! 2. Phone me if there is an emergency What did Ms Lane tell her babysitter? 4. Send the children to bed at nine o’clock She told the babysitter not to answer the door to anyone
She told the babysitter to phone her if there was a problem
She told the babysitter to give the children a bath before they went to bed
She told the babysitter to send the children to bed at nine o’clock
Slide27 : 1. You should study more! 4. I will give your notebooks tomorrow 2. Don’t study the night before the exam 3. Let’s go to the British Museum this summer 5. Don’t eat in chewing-gum in class please! 6. Be careful with your spelling! WHAT DID THE TEACHER TELL HER STUDENTS? The teacher advised the students to study more
The teacher told the students not to study the night before the exam
The teacher advised the students not to study the night before the exam
The teacher suggested going to the British Museum
The teacher promised to give the notebooks back the following day
The teacher begged the students not to eat chewing gum
The warned the students to be careful with their spelling
RULE : RULE Orders, promises , requests, advice when reported in indirect speech are followed by the …………………………………..
e.g. “Sit down,” he said to her wife.
He told his wife to sit down.
e.g. “ sit down , please” he said to his son
He begged his son to sit down
e.g. “Will you sit down please!” he said to his son.
He asked his son to sit down
e.g. “ don’t go home,” he said.
He ordered her not to go home.
The reporting verbs are: ORDER, PROMISE, REQUEST, BEGG, ADVICE, REFUSE, To infinitive
WB. PAGE 16 : WB. PAGE 16 A .
1. DIRECT
2. INDIRECT
3. INDIRECT
4. INDIRECT
5. DIRECT
6. DIRECT
WB . PAGE 16- optional : WB . PAGE 16- optional OPTIONAL- CHANGE THESE SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH
1. “ARE YOU GOING TO THE PERFORMANCE TONIGHT?”
He asked if I / we was /were going to the performance that night
2. The journalist reported that he had seen someone run out of the shop
“ I saw someone run out of the shop,” the journalist said.
3. My daughter promised that she would be home right after the party
“I will be home right after the party, “ my daughter promised
Slide31 : 4. Berta told me that she had been planning a trip to Paris for some time
“ I have been planning a trip to Paris for some time,” Berta told me
5. “ I have been looking for the new Massive Attack CD everywhere”
He said that he had been looking for the new Massive Attack CD everywhere
5. “the Police will try to complete the investigation quickly”
He said that the police would try to complete the investigation quickly
b. Rewrite these sentences in reported speech : b. Rewrite these sentences in reported speech 1. “ I haven’t been feeling well for several days”
Isabel complained that she hadn’t been feeling well for several days
2. “The authorities have returned my letter because I forgot to write the postcode”
Aitor mentioned that the authorities had returned his letter because he had forgotten to write the postcode
3. “The rock band will perform at tomorrow’s concert”
The band manager promised that the band would perform at the following day’s concert
c. Rewrite the sentences in direct speech : c. Rewrite the sentences in direct speech 1. The director commented that the performers had been rehearsing for hours
“The performers have been rehearsing for hours,” the director commented.
2. Toni informed us that he hadn’t booked seats for the show yet
“I haven’t booked tickets for the show yet,” Toni informed us
3. They said they were on their way to the shopping centre because they needed to buy gifts
“ We are on our way to the shopping centre because we need to buy gifts, “ they said.
d. Circle the correct form of the verbs in brackets : d. Circle the correct form of the verbs in brackets 1. My mother called to say that the weather (is / has / had been) bad all week and that she (decide / have decided / had decided) to cancel her trip
had been ,
had decided
2. Victor admitted that he (doesn’t like / hadn’t liked / didn’t like ) his apartment in the city and that he (is moving / has moved / was moving ) to the country soon.
didn’t like
was moving
3. When Madonna (get / had got / got ) the award for her latest album, she thanked all the people who ( worked / had worked / have worked) on it with her.
got
had worked
Slide35 : 4. He informed us that a youth ( has smuggled / had smuggled / had been smuggling) drugs for months and that the police (have searched / had been searching / had searched ) for him everywhere.
had been smuggling,
had been searching
5. My father said that he ( was / is / had been) one thousands of teenagers who attended rock concerts . He told me that he ( was travelling / travelled / had travelled ) all over Europe an the USA
had been
had travelled
Slide36 : Have you got anything to declare? Have you bought anything in the Duty Free shop? Which hotel are you going to stay at? Do you mind opening your suitcase? Whose camera is this? Are you meeting anyone here? The customs officer asked if she had got anything to declare. He asked her if she had bought anything in the Duty Free Shop. He also asked her which hotel she was going to stay at. Then he asked her if she minded opening her suitcase . Next he asked her whose camera that was. He asked her if she was meeting anyone there. Finally he asked her what she had got in the bag and told her to have a pleasant day What have you got in your bag
Slide37 : I love the Beatles . I ‘ve got all their records. I bought when I was in London last year. Do you like their music Of course I do. Do you know that my mother once heard them sing in person? Isabel said that she loved the Beatles. She mentioned that she had all their records. She had bought them when she was in London the previous year ( the year before) . She asked him if he liked their music. Oscar answered that he did. Then he asked Isabel if she knew that his mother had heard them sing in person.
Slide38 : Wow. Was she a flower power child Yeah. It’s hard to believe that she was It certainly is Oscar , listen! The song Imagine , by John Lennon , has been playing all through our conversation Isabel wanted to know if she had been a flower power child Oscar Told her that she had and added that it was hard to believe . Isabel said that it was and added that the song Imagine had been playing all through their conversation.
ERROR CORRECTION : ERROR CORRECTION 1. Elsa promised that she will come to see us
Elsa promised that she would come to see us
2. It doesn’t cost nothing
It doesn’t cost anything
2. My father said he will drive me to the party
My father said he would drive me to the party
Slide40 : 4. They told they would be here this afternoon
They told them they would be there that afternoon
5. They want to know when is my birthday
They want to know when my birthday is.
Revision reporting verbs : Revision reporting verbs Do after correction writing workbook
advise / offer / refuse / order/ beg suggest / apologise / explained : advise / offer / refuse / order/ beg suggest / apologise / explained “You should go and see the doctor,” he said
He advised me to see a doctor
“Shall I carry the boxes for you?” he said
He offered to carry the boxes for me
“I will not answer your questions,” the actor said to him
He refused to answer his questions
advise / offer / refuse / order/ beg suggest / apologise / explained : advise / offer / refuse / order/ beg suggest / apologise / explained “Get out of the house,” he said.
He ordered me to get out of the house.
He ordered ______ to get out of the house
“Please, please call the police,” she said.
She begged me to call the police
She begged ________to call the police
“Let’s go for a walk!” he said
He suggested going for a walk
somebody us him somebody
advise / offer / refuse / order/ beg suggest / apologise / explained : advise / offer / refuse / order/ beg suggest / apologise / explained “I’m sorry I shouted at you yesterday”
He apologised for shouting at him the previous day
He apologised for shouting at me yesterday
“ The sun is bigger than the earth,” Mary said to the children
Mary explained to the children that the sun is bigger than the earth
Slide45 : “The cheetah is the fastest animal in the world,” she said
She said that the cheetah is the fastest animal in the world
“The earth is flat,” the old man said
The old man affirmed that the earth was flat
“ A train goes faster than a plane,” he said
He said that a train went faster than a plane
RULE : RULE In reported speech introductory VERBS SUCH AS
are followed by the to infinitive
e.g. He offered to come to my house
In reported speech introductory VERBS SUCH AS
are followed by (the person) + to infinitive
e.g. He invited Peter to my house
VERBS SUCH AS
are followed by ing
e.g. He apologised for being late
offer, promise, refuse, agree ask, beg, order, invite suggest , apologise deny
RULE : If the statement is a universal truth the tense remains _________
e.g.
“The cheetah is the fastest animal in the world,” she said
She said that the cheetah is the fastest animal in the world
e.g.
“The earth is flat,” the old man said
The old man affirmed that the earth was flat
RULE unchanged
Slide48 : Reported speech Read the jokes and after reading them reflect on the use of reported speech and on the changes that take place.
Slide49 : A man went into a hotel and saw a large dog sitting next to the reception desk. “Does your dog
bite?” He asked the receptionist No , she said. So the man bent down to stroke the dog and it jumped up and bit his hand But I thought you said
That your dog didn’t bite That’s not my dog Which sentence is direct speech?
Which sentence is indirect speech?
What changes occur?
Slide50 : Mum, today the teacher ……………..me if I
had any brothers or sisters. That’s nice of her to take interest in you.
What did she say when you said you
were an only child? She said,
“Thank goodness!” asked