IZ 101 Slides Revision

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AGENDA Introduction Who Are These People? An Introduction to the San Francisco Immunization Coalition What is a Vaccine and How Does it Work? What Diseases Do Vaccines Prevent? How Are Vaccines Misunderstood? Some Myths About Immunization When Should Children/People Get Immunized and Where? Do You Have Questions About Immunization? IZ 101 Immunization 101 1

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The San Francisco Immunization Coalition is comprised of over 50 diverse public and private interests whose mission is to achieve and maintain full immunization protection for each person in San Francisco in order to promote community health and wellness. Mission: 1. Establish a population-based Childhood Immunization Registry in San Francisco 2. Eliminate protection disparities for foreign-born, African-American, and Latino children in San Francisco 3. Educate parents, child care, medical, and social service providers on immunization basics (IZ 101) 4. Promote and increase immunization protection for adults Priorities: www.sfimmunize.org 2

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What is a Vaccine and How Does It Work? 3

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Bacteria Viruses Things we touch, food we eat, air we breathe, everywhere Under Attack Immune System 4

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Bacteria Viruses The immune system fights off the disease and remembers how. Fighting Back Immune System (immune response) 5

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6 A Chinese healer infects a boy with a smallpox pustule in the nose in the 10th century. Variolation

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Edward Jenner, 1798 Inquiry 7 Dr. Jenner infects James Phipps with cowpox to protect him against smallpox The “First” Vaccination

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There are two types of vaccines: 1. “live virus” vaccines have a version of the virus which is actually alive but in a purified, weakened state that is not strong enough to cause the actual disease. The MMR or measles vaccine is a live virus vaccine. 2. Inactivated vaccines – for example the (IPV) Inactivated Polio Vaccine is made from ‘dead’ or inactivated poliovirus. 8

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What Diseases Do Vaccines Prevent? 9

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Hepatitus A Hepatitus B Haemophilus Influenzae type b (Hib) Pneumococcal Diphtheria Tetanus Rotavirus 14 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Pertussis Polio Chickenpox (Varicella) Measles Mumps Rubella Influenza 10

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Smallpox eradicated worldwide by 1979. Last human case in Somalia. Routine smallpox vaccination ended in U.S. in 1971 11

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No new cases of wild Polio in the U.S. since 1990 Polio virus causes acute paralysis that can lead to permanent physical disability and even death. Before polio vaccine was available, 13,000 to 20,000 cases of paralytic polio were reported each year in the United States. F.D.R. 12

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Polio Hospital Ward -Los Angeles 1952 13

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14 Measles is highly contagious and can be fatal. Measles kills 500,000 children worldwide annually.

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Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1989 Outbreak 15

Cases of Vaccine- Preventable Diseases Reduced dramatically in the United States!: 

Cases of Vaccine- Preventable Diseases Reduced dramatically in the United States!

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Every vaccine has contraindications, which means that not every one can get them. Some examples are children who have: cancer AIDS certain allergies other illnesses that effect the immune system Contraindications should be discussed by a child’s doctor or a health care professional. 18

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HERD IMMUNITY or COMMUNITY IMMUNITY Vulnerable but not exposed Vulnerable but not exposed 19

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How Are Vaccines Misunderstood? 20

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“I would think that they would be vulnerable to the disease if they’re not up to date. To colds, fevers, strep throat, etc.” “Up to date? I don’t even know what these shots mean half the time.” “I gave him all his shots, but he still caught Sickle Cell (Anemia).” *Identifying Barriers to Immunizing African-American Children in San Francisco - Focus Group Report, June 2001

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Published in Philadelphia 1856 21

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“The Cow Pock or the Wonderful Effects of the New Innoculation.” c.1802

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What Happens When You Prevent Disease? NOTHING! 23

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Vaccines have to be licensed by the F.D.A. The vaccine schedule is approved by three independent organizations: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) non-government American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) non-government VAERS system to monitor adverse reactions Vaccine technology is improving everyday. (new ways of administration and safer vaccines) Vaccine Safety 25

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Report ALL Adverse Reactions to V.A.E.R.S. Providers are required by law to report to V.A.E.R.S. Vaccine Safety 25 Call VAERS at 1-800-822-7967 www.vaers.hhs.gov

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A combination vaccine. This is a vaccine which protects a person from more than one disease with one shot. For example, the MMR is one vaccine-- one shot ( a complete series is two shots) -- and it helps protect against measles, mumps, and rubella all in one vaccine. Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis are all included in the DTaP vaccine. P. b33 Combination Vaccines : Vaccine Disease MMR Measles, Mumps, Rubella DTaP Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis Pediarix Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B Comvax Haemophilus b, Hepatitis B 27

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When Should Children Get Vaccinated and Where? 28

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IMMUNIZE CHILDREN ON TIME Requirements of the California School Immunization Law Children entering child care should have: Age When Enrolling: Immunizations Required: ·2-3 months 1 DTaP, 1 Polio, 1 Hep B, 1 Hib ·4-5 months 2 DTaP, 2 Polio, 2 Hep B, 2 Hib ·6-14 months 3 DTaP, 3 Polio, 2 Hep B, 2 Hib ·15-17 months 3 DTaP, 3 Polio, 2 Hep B, 1 MMR*, 1 Hib** ·18 months – 4 years 4 DTaP, 3 Polio, 3 Hep B, 1 MMR*, 1 Hib**, 1 Varicella *on or after the first birthday **on or after the first birthday, regardless of any Hib doses given before the first birthday Children entering kindergarten should have: ·5 DTaP (4 doses meet requirement if at least one was given on or after the 4th birthday) ·4 Polio ( 3 doses meet requirement if at least one was given on or after the 4th birthday) ·3 Hep B ·2 MMR (both on or after 1 st birthday) ·1 Varicella Children entering 7th grade should have: ·3 Hep B ·2 MMR (both on or after 1st birthday) ·1 Varicella (2 doses are needed if immunized on or after 13th birthday) ·Td Booster (recommended) p. C-58 30

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San Francisco Immunization Info. Line 415 - 206 - 5000 31

LoveProtect Immunize: 

Love Protect Immunize San Francisco IMMUNIZATION Coalition