Inv Spp Intro

Risk Assessment for Invasive Species: Introduction: 

Risk Assessment for Invasive Species: Introduction Mark R. Powell USDA Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis, Washington, DC Society for Risk Analysis New Orleans, LA 2002

OVERVIEW: 

OVERVIEW Assessing the Magnitude of the Invasive Species Problem Invasive Species on the Domestic and International Agendas Risk Assessment for Biological Stressors State of the Practice and Raising the Bar Challenges Ahead

Domestic Impacts of Invasive Species: 

Domestic Impacts of Invasive Species Major Economic Impacts Non-market Environmental Goods and Services Public Health Examples --

Slide5: 

West Nile Virus in Wild Birds, 2002

Foot and Mouth Disease: 

Foot and Mouth Disease aphis.usda.gov

UK FMD Outbreak: 

UK FMD Outbreak www.guardian.co.uk

Citrus Canker Eradication: 

Citrus Canker Eradication Sun-Sentinel.com

Citrus Canker Controversy: 

Citrus Canker Controversy Sun-Sentinel.com

Salvinia molesta: 

Salvinia molesta nature.org invasivespecies.gov

Invasive Species: On the Domestic Policy Agenda: 

Invasive Species: On the Domestic Policy Agenda National Invasive Species Council - 1999 NISC Management Plan - 2001 Risk Analysis System - 2003

Domestic Statutes Relevant to Invasive Species: 

Domestic Statutes Relevant to Invasive Species

Invasive Species: On the International Agenda: 

Invasive Species: On the International Agenda WTO SPS Agreement International Standard Setting Bodies: IPPC (plants), OIE (animals)

Invasive Species: On the International Agenda: 

Invasive Species: On the International Agenda WTO SPS Agreement International Standard Setting Bodies: IPPC (plants), OIE (animals) Convention on Biological Diversity Cartagena Protocol

Risk Assessment for Biological Stressors: 

Risk Assessment for Biological Stressors Distinguishing Characteristics of Biological Stressors: Grow, reproduce, and multiply Disperse both actively and passively, often exhibiting “jump dispersal” Interact with ecosystems in complex, sometimes unpredictable, ways Evolve

Parallels with Chemical Risk Assessment: 

Parallels with Chemical Risk Assessment Biological Population of invasive species in the env. Inactivation Dispersal Community dynamics Chemical Population of invasive cells in the body Sequestration Fate and Transport Chemical mixtures

Current State of Risk Assessment of Invasive Species: 

Current State of Risk Assessment of Invasive Species “There are currently no known broad scientific principles or reliable procedures for identifying the invasive potential of plants, plant pests, or biological control agents in new geographic ranges…” -National Research Council. 2002. Predicting Invasions of Nonindigenous Plants and Plant Pests

Current State of Risk Assessment of Invasive Species: 

Current State of Risk Assessment of Invasive Species Classification Schemes to Identify Hazards, Susceptible Resources Identifying Sources, Pathways of Hazards Quantitative Risk Assessment Risk = P(entry) Gap Between Entry and Consequences

SPS Agreement Raises the Bar: 

SPS Agreement Raises the Bar Article 5.3

SPS Agreement Raises the Bar: 

SPS Agreement Raises the Bar Article 5.3 Australian Salmon Dispute Resolution

Argentine Citrus Decision: 

Argentine Citrus Decision U.S. Dist. Ct. E. CA. 9/01 remand of USDA regulation permitting import of Argentine citrus due to, among other things, a failure to specifically define what constitutes a “negligible risk” in this context.

1980 Supreme Court “Benzene” Decision: 

1980 Supreme Court “Benzene” Decision “de minimis risk” = presumption of no additional regulation below threshold < 1 x 10-8 lifetime cancer risk “significant risk” = presumption that regulation required > 1 x 10-4 lifetime cancer risk “acceptable risk” = bounded by de minimis and significant risk levels, case-specific

ATA v EPA: 

ATA v EPA The DC District Court of Appeals 2002 decision upholding EPA's national ambient air quality standards for particulate matter and ozone. “Hard Look” with humility?

End Result: 

End Result Scientifically ambitious risk assessment for invasive species is non-discretionary, at least for those regulatory decisions that may be disputed. Hazard Identification Entry Establishment Spread Risk Reduction Consequences

Workshop Information: 

Workshop Information Proceedings to be published in Risk Analysis. Papers and other materials currently available on the project website: http://leopold.nmsu.edu/ESA_SRA