Contraception

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By: malleshphysio (31 month(s) ago)

very nice ppt for teaching as well as for understanding of the topic for medical professionals

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Slide1: 

History suggests that men and women have sought prevention for unwanted pregnancy for thousands of years. Coitus interruptus is given mention in the Old Testament Book of Genesis 8:8-11, "And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother."

Slide2: 

Even older contraceptive recipes are those found in Egypt back to 1850 B.C. Vaginal pastes were created using crocodile dung, honey and sodium carbonate, as both a barrier and a spermicidal agent. A mixture of wine, garlic, and fennel were used as vaginal douches as well. The ancient Greeks and Romans had contraceptive concoctions as well. They often relied on absorbent materials, root and herb potions, and various devices to block off the cervix.

Slide3: 

The Japanese once inserted paper balls, the French, balls of silk cloth, and closer to home, Native Americans used soft clay to block the cervix. In the modern America we often take birth control for granted, an opportunity that was not always present. Actually much of the history of birth control in the U.S. gives a restrictive account.

Slide4: 

In the 1870s Anthony Comstock, secretary of New York’s Society for the Suppression of Vice, succeeded in establishing national laws that prohibited the dissemination of contraceptive information through the U.S. mail on the grounds that such information was obscene. Known as the Comstock Laws, these people believed that abstinence was the only legitimate form of birth control and sexual intercourse was for reproduction.

Slide5: 

Margaret Sanger was the person who first promoted changes in birth control legislation and availability in the U.S. In 1915 she opened an illegal clinic where women could obtain and learn to use the diaphragms she had shipped from Europe. S

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She also published birth control information in her newspaper The Woman Rebel.

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Sanger and the many women who joined her wanted to develop a reliable method by which women could control their own fertility. It was not until 1960 that the first birth control pills came on the U.S. Market, after limited testing and research conducted in Puerto Rico. This gave a woman a choice regarding her own fertility.

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Today we have a range of methods of birth control available: Hormonal Methods Oral contraceptives such as combination pills, multiphasic pills, and progestin only pills. Implants such as Norplant and Depo-Provera.

Slide9: 

Barrier Methods 1.Condoms (Male and Female) 2. Cervical Cap 3. Sponge 4. Diaphragm 5. Spermicides Intrauterine Devices (IUD) Fertility Awareness Methods Calendar Method (Rhythm) Basal Body Temperature Method Ovulation Method

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Sterilization Male Vasectomy Female Tubal Ligation Post Intercourse Birth Control Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP) aka: morning-after pill RU-486 Douching (Spermicidal douche) Withdrawel Abstinence

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Some Useful Sites On the Net: http://coolnurse.healthology.com/focus_index.asp?f=contraception http://www.reproline.jhu.edu/english/1fp/1methods/1methods.htm http://desires.com/1.6/Sex/Museum/museum1.html