Smart

Slide2: 

comHome 從建築學、技術層面、使用者、共用與私密空間等思考角度 討論將VMC與居家環境結合的可能方式 關鍵詞： Domestic Environment 居家環境 Intellectually Disabled Persons 智障人士 Design Pattern Language 智障人士 Video Mediated Communication (VMC) 影音媒介通訊 Communication Zones (comZONES) 通訊區域 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 資訊通訊技術 Digital Environment (DE) 數位環境

Slide3: 

Background * 居家生活在時間與空間上更緊密的結合 * 資訊通訊技術（ICT）社會轉型先決條件 * 新居家生活環境將如何變動 * 居家生活型態複雜化 * ICT完成之活動具公共或半開放特質 * 公共及私人領域雙重概念的發展 * 概念性住宅comHOME如何將VMC融入生活 * 未來人際之間的直接互動與溝通 Stefan Olof Konrad Fredrik

Slide4: 

Video-Mediated Communication in Domestic Environments *資訊科技的快速發展趨勢 * VMC在家庭中所扮演的溝通角色 *支援強化居家基礎之活動 *現今住宅不適合VMC *傳統辦公室的VMC設計不適合居家環境 *VMC存有資訊轉換上不足之處

Slide5: 

Theories and related work 1 Design theory Bo Dahlbom: 「當我們認知到我們所居住的是人造的世界，由各種人造加工品所組成 的複雜且糾纏的社會，我們的注意力會由探索本質轉向探索設計層面」 2 Architectural design 牽涉到居家環境對於IT的使用，智慧型住宅比較專注於科技技術本身。 Olindo Caso: 將各種IT支援的活動配置於居家環境的各個空間及時間範圍內。

Slide6: 

Theories and related work 3 Computer Supported Cooperative Work（CSCW） Tang and Isaak: Video media主要的功能在於豐富了社群間的交流聯繫。 4 Social aspects of everyday technology Venkatesh: 現今社會對於工作、教育、娛樂、藝術以及公、私領域的分際不再嚴格， 各項交易、溝通以相同步調進行。

Slide7: 

Research questions related to VMC use in homes 1. 建築與科技應如何設計以支援VMC，使VMC更適於居家環境。 2. 居家環境中有哪些日常生活行為可導入VMC。 3. VMC設備要如何設計建構。 4. 運用建築及科技技術設計VMC時，要如何滿足私密及公共空間。 5. 使用何種介面形式以促進與系統之互動性。 6. VMC如何與其他先進的居家科技結合。 主要在討論如何處理私密空間及公共空間的問題

Slide8: 

ComHOME - A vision of an apartment of the future ComHOME是未來概念式住宅， 是實驗室也是展示間，是依不同 需求狀況所建立的全比例模擬空 間。主要目的在發展並整合居家 內所有 VMC 系統，由 telecom operator 及居家工作自動化系統 科技所結合。

Slide9: 

1 Architectural design concept Inner zone- public zone: 可被監看及監聽 Middle zone- semi public zone: 可被監看 Outer zone- private zone: 完全私密 區域會隨時間空間改變，個人不會完全放棄隱私權及對居家環境的控制權。 不同的comZONES透過 不同的科技如螢幕、照 相機；透過建築空間來 詮釋如顏色、燈光、材 質、與ICT結合形成連結數位世界的介面。

Slide10: 

1 Architectural design concept 傳統性設計 概念性設計

Slide11: 

2 Technical design concepts * VMC的設置差異在於家庭與自動化的辦公室不同。 * 根基於攝影機及麥克風，由一組開關控制（進出資訊的控管） 控制開關可經由遙控器、終端機或智慧住宅的中央控制系統。 * 使用空間辨識系統，以人們實際所處的位置連結VMC 以決定不同ZONES的變化。 * 藉由取景可輕易建立調整視訊系統。 * 音效系統無法隨視訊系統協調一致。 * 即時影音控制系統尚未開發。

Slide12: 

The comZONES in comHOME ComHOME有三個房間 Living room, Kitchen, Combined telework and sleeping room 為了探知comZONES的實用性，設計六個地方： A video TORSO 廚房 A comTABLE 餐桌 A desktop workplace 工作室 A laptop workplace 工作室 An internet TV 網路電視 A media SPACE 娛樂空間

Slide13: 

video TORSO 廚房 可區分或轉換為public、semi-public、private三個區域，裡面有一個螢幕， 螢幕可以調整成垂直或水平，影音開關可由聲音來控制。

Slide14: 

comTABLE 餐桌 配置有電腦觸摸式螢幕， 當螢幕掀起來內建攝影機 可環視整個餐桌，其功能 可邀請虛擬客人共度晚餐 （視訊餐會）或是透過網 路傳送訊息閱讀早報。

Slide15: 

desktop and Laptop workplace 工作室 連結居家辦公室及起居室，可進行視訊會議， 兩部攝影機，用來處理文件資料以及影像傳輸。

Slide16: 

internet TV 網路電視 起居室上方的電視設施，由床鋪 周圍的木工設施及窗簾可以知道 這是公共空間及私密空間的分野。 media SPACE 娛樂空間 由兩個80吋螢幕組成的娛樂室， 本區為開放公共空間，同時在整 個場景內保持遠景和提供特寫的 影像調整。

Slide17: 

Conclusion * 以VMC區分公共及私密領域，有可能以建築的概念具體化於住宅 使居住者認知到。 * 建築及資訊科技若能支援VMC系統的整合，就能賦予住宅附加價值。 * 住宅的使用變化及ICT資訊的導入，有賴於新式設計概念及特殊空間設計。 * VMC概念的實現，仍須面臨影像音效技術的盲點以及創新。 * 使用佩帶式的麥克風，效果很難媲美影像控制系統。 * 應該與智慧住宅的設計理念相互連結，從使用者以及製造者的角度思考。 * 在整個VMC概念設計及建構的過程中，對於各項構思自然地會有所取捨， 很難評價對於真正的生活型態會有甚麼影響。

Slide18: 

User Study of VMC in the Domestic Environment with Intellectually Disabled Persons * 計畫目的在更深入了解人們使用videoTORSO和workPLACE * 以Kylen對智障者關於四種不同程度的抽象認知概念研究為根據，選擇 Level C作為研究受測者。 * 六位智障者來自KDV機構，四男二女(25-45歲)，部份使用過電腦。 * 其智力情形分別有早期併發症、出生即腦性痲痹、輕微大腦障礙以及 脊髓組織傷害，均屬於輕微智障。 * 另六位受測者三男三女智力正常，都會用電腦其中一人會操作視訊會議。

Slide19: 

Methods * 正式研究前幾周，先向智障者和KDV職員(1人)展示研究內容。 * 選擇影像記錄觀察法。 * 觀察重點在videoTORSO和workPLACE的使用。 * 受測者必須在這些裝置個別完成操作系統和功能。 * 在受測期間會有二位引導受測者，一位在房間一位在通訊另一端。

Slide20: 

The Tests * 每項研究約一個小時，連續在videoTORSO和workPLACE受測。 * 受測前會有簡短說明和歡迎形式。 * 雖然操作前都經過說明還是有部份使用者難以完全了解系統的運作。 * 在videoTORSO和無須指令開啟螢幕即能顯影；workPLACE則需要 enter “ public zone”才能啟動。 * 在videoTORSO 的螢幕前需要和螢幕裡的人interview10-20分鐘。 * 所有的受測過程都會被記錄。 * 兩組受測者在interview時並不知道對方的智力程度。 * 由於個人位置追蹤技術系統問題未能解決，在研究期間用手控制開關系統。

Slide21: 

Discussion * 智障者的受測非常有價值，所有的設置須更明確清楚。 *半公用區semi-public zone的邊緣應更明確。 * 在實驗方法上實際運作情形相當良好，大部分智障者都很喜歡。 * 受測者在無法獲得太多資訊時，會以過去的經驗作為解決。 * 就videoTORSO 即使是智障者都知道螢幕上人的影像非真實。 * 在videoTORSO螢幕前，所有受測者都出現類似面對面溝通的舉止 。 * 由受測者在同時接收到心理和情感的訊息時，會覺得螢幕上的人真實出現。 * 在videoTORSO很有潛力擴大給所有類型的使用者。 * 在videoTORSO螢幕前， 可以設計更實際的測試。如視角。 * 受測者在videoTORSO螢幕前，會選擇站立在比實際生活略遠的距離。

Slide22: 

Conclusions * 就公共領域和私密領域的概念，被所有受測者掌握得很好。 * 在豐富的影音訊息環境，使用者可以較少的心力去負擔溝通。 * 以更簡單清楚、更真實具象，唯有考量智障者個人的限制， 才能擴大到期它族群，例如小孩。

Slide23: 

The End

Slide25: 

Understanding Remote Presence * new media * for interpersonal communication * to support intimacy at distance * ethnographic study * the role of artifacts * a couple of prototypes * 3 families (6 households) * 2 weeks * Telematic emotional communication Konrad Tollmar Joakim Persson

Slide26: 

Introduction * Scandinavian home * the importance of light * emotions have logic of their own * Telematic emotional communication * providing meaningful social and physical context * foster better relationships * pattern of communication * a very important step in this field

Slide27: 

A Design Driven Approach * in this paper we will focus our efforts on describing the more specific outcomes in the design cycle: from observations to scenarios and prototype building and finally exploring daily use

Slide28: 

Observations * Real people * a short pilot ethnographic study * 10 different households * narratives in the person’s own terms * asked questions like: “ You have mentioned that… Why? What does it mean for you?”. “ What is this?”, “ You did you get it from?”, “ What does this thing mean to you?”, “ Could you tell me about this rocking chair?”, and so on. * looked for objects that either reminded people of friends

Slide29: 

Personal Objects * postcards and pictures hanging “ I use the mirror to place my most important pictures and postcards .. then when I use the mirror we come [for a moment] together again .. I would like to be [often] positive reminded of these person”

Slide30: 

Personal Objects * furniture that not only have a practical function ” When you where visiting grandma’ you always sat in the rocking chair, she had several. It comes naturally to me to think of her when I sit in this rocking chair.”

Slide31: 

Personal Objects * Not only objects were represented in this sense “ My mother likes to cook, and so do I, so eventually when I cook, I might find myself thinking, we are probably doing the same thing now, my mother and I… […]. When I was a kid I always stood on a chair next to the stove and cooked. … And in that moment I felt connected to all the mothers…“

Slide32: 

Family Communication * email: for long-distance contact * telephone: reachable everywhere and all the time “ My father always has practical excuses for calling me... ” * strong links with mother “ I often feel guilty about not having enough time to call my mother”

Slide33: 

Family Communication * Undesirable communication “ I dont like when X [the partner] is just calling to complaining about our situation [living apart] .. it’s so counter productive cause it often just lead to hard arguments .. in these cases I hate the phone it makes it [the situation] only worse” * phone as the main media and furniture * importance of many things and furniture

Slide34: 

Situation Scenarios * Did they have any ritual: The use of lights * lights - more passive objects “ When I want .. or need .. to read I usally do that in our bedroom. In there [the bedroom] have I put my grandfathers old lamp. That light and the colors from the lamp remind about when I was child and he used to read for me in the evenings .. but its also tell the rest of the house that I prefer to undisturbed in my reading”

Slide35: 

Prototypes * Key - concepts captured from the observation * Lights - to indicate presence * Three different design models Lumicard, Tree-lamp, 6th Sense

Slide36: 

Lumicard Draw or write Something on a postcard with an electronic tag and send it to people you care for. Your messages keep you connected with the Lumicard.

Slide37: 

Tree-lamp When you touch a certain part of the tree, the corresponding person will be notified that you have been thinking about them.

Slide38: 

6th Sense By varying the intensity of the warm light from the multiple small light bulbs it becomes a living sculpture. The original idea is to build on the family tree metaphor where each leaf is a representation of a remote family member or a friend.

Slide39: 

developing a functional prototype * a couple of sensors * the lamp * one-chip computer * GSM-modem When body movement close to the lamp If there is continuous movement over specific time period, The lamp parses this information as presence and sends this information that then lights up on the sister lamp. if no movement is detected then this information is also passed to the sister lamp, which then dim down.

Slide40: 

Exploring daily use to use the functional prototypes * 3 families (15 persons) The first family a married couple (H1) their two sons (H2) The second family a single mother, 57 year (H3) her daughter with husband and three children (H4) The third family a pair of siblings, each as well as their families (H5 and H6). * study lasted for 10-14 days in each family.

Slide41: 

Introducing the 6th Sense First * To focus on family relations * An object’s own history like a fable for people * Back to the old day * If the light was lit normally, …everything was fine

Slide42: 

Introducing the 6th Sense Second * Conducted a little ritual while installing the lamps * to call each other and switch on lamps together Third * a logbook for the test situation

Slide43: 

User reactions * Sense of Presence mother(H1) saying: “ The lamp really reminds me of my two sons. It feels as they are here.” Another mother (H3) said: “ The information that I get from the lamp makes me feel that I’m part of my daughter's life.” * Sense of Surveillance father(H1) saying: “ The lamp would probably mean more to me if I didn’t have so much contact with the two boys over the phone” “ I think the lamp will work better when you don’t have so much telephone contact as I have with my son.”

Slide44: 

Discussion * The general responses from our user study were basically in the line with what we expected. * Every object that was mentioned with some kind of affection in people’s homes. * Why did the light of 6th Sense work that well as a representation of someone’s presence in their home, and a lack of light as an indication that the person(s) is not there? * warm light gave them a feeling of security and did not include at all a feeling of surveillance that we were worried about.

Slide45: 

Discussion * A daughter in the study confirmed that, “I can see that she comes and goes …and then I know that everything is OK.“ * “The lamp reminds us about the porch light .. Its warm and welcome .. it also remind us about a nice times that we have out there .. hence the lamp soon become a close friend” * The non-intrusive property was an important factor in how well the 6th sense was perceived.

Slide46: 

Discussion * One family decreased their use of the telephone between the households in the family. * So far time is mostly an unknown factor in this study. For instance, what will happen when people have the device for such a long time that they almost forget about it. * Our best effort did we have some technical problem with the functional prototypes.

Slide47: 

The End