Melesse

 Assefa M. Melesse, Ph. D., P.E.Assistant Professor Department of Environmental StudiesFlorida International University: 

Assefa M. Melesse, Ph. D., P.E. Assistant Professor Department of Environmental Studies Florida International University A Presentation at the NCED, University of Minnesota October 30, 2006

Challenges to Water Resources: 

Challenges to Water Resources Climate change Anthropocene Population pressure and increasing demand for natural resources Urbanization/LULC dynamics

Aral SeaLocation Today: 

Aral Sea Location Today Once world’s 4th largest lake (in area) Destruction began in 1918 (cotton)

Blue Nile flow: 1955-2000Minimum flow @ Chemoga watershed : 

Blue Nile flow: 1955-2000 Minimum flow @ Chemoga watershed Bewket et al 2004

Slide5: 

Source: http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/

Land use of South Florida: 

Land use of South Florida 1900 1953 1973 2004 Impervious surface Courtesy: SFWMD

South Florida Features: 

South Florida Features Courtesy: SFWMD

Kissimmee River basin: 

Kissimmee River basin Kissimmee River basin flooding in 1948 Kissimmee River prior to channelization 1961 Dredge on Kissimmee River 1962 Choked Remnant River Channel Courtesy: SFWMD

Slide9: 

Courtesy: SFWMD Disasters in South Florida

Slide10: 

Hydrologic Response vs. Land Surface Parameters and Fluxes

Restoration vs. response: 

Restoration vs. response Ecohydrological integrity Functions and structure Hydrology: GW and ET Wetland vegetation: FVC Hydric soil

Slide12: 

25, 000 ac (5,000 ac native prairie 73 bird species, 35 butterfly species, 11 mammal species Pristine Under restoration Impacted

Slide13: 

Glacial Ridge Prairie, NW Minnesota Purchased by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) (2000) Intent is to recreate the site’s drained wetlands, vegetation, and ecosystems to “ pre-settlement conditions” Methods include: revival of pre-settlement water levels, ditch closures, and native prairie vegetation One of the largest ever wetland restoration projects in the northern U.S. (TNC, 2003)

OBJECTIVES: 

To monitor monthly and seasonal ET changes at Glacial Ridge from 2000-2003 with Remote Sensing To validate SEBAL as a tool for monitoring hydrologic restoration in a northern prairie climate OBJECTIVES

Slide15: 

Soil Water Balance vs. Surface energy balance ET = I + P - RO - DP + CR ± D SF ± D SW lET = Rn - G - H R n G H lET Courtesy: http://www.idwr.state.id.us/gisdata/ET/Final%2520Report.pdf

Slide17: 

LE (latent heat) is solved as residual Shortwave (solar) Longwave (thermal)

Slide18: 

SEBAL-ET Instantaneous ETinst = (mm hr-1) 24-hour Monthly/Seasonal

Slide19: 

* Cloudy pixel

Slide20: 

Monthly ET August 2002 2000 2003 Monthly ET August 2001

Slide21: 

2000 2001 2002 2003 Seasonal (June-Aug.)

Slide23: 

Average seasonal and monthly ET rates suggest an increase in ET within the treated site during the restoration years (2001 to 2003), despite fluctuations in annual and seasonal precipitation Changes may be attributed to the restoration activities: Land acquisition Native vegetation planting Burning of the exotic species Ditch closures

Slide24: 

Kissimmee basin Example 2: Kissimmee River basin

Kissimmee River Basin: 

Kissimmee River Basin Between 1962 and 1971, the Kissimmee River was channelized and transformed into a series of impounded reservoirs The meandering river was transformed into a 90-km-long, 9-meter-deep, 91-meter-wide canal eliminated approximately 56 km of river channel and 10,522-12,546 ha of pre-channelized floodplain wetlands were drained.

MODIS Data Classification: 

MODIS Data Classification

Scattergram: Ts vs. NDVI  : Ts vs. Albedo: 

Scattergram: Ts vs. NDVI : Ts vs. Albedo Vegetation Temperature Soil moisture

Slide28: 

Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC)

Slide29: 

2004 Monthly average Latent heat (w/m2)

Monthly average GW level: 

Monthly average GW level

Slide31: 

USA Simms Creek Study Areas Red River of the North, North Dakota Simms Creek, Florida Example 3

Red River: Land cover change: 

Red River: Land cover change Urban Areas 1974-1984 19% 1974-1992 23% 1974-2001 59% Rangeland 1974-2001 29%

Slide33: 

FIS Area - Grand Forks C C C C C C

Slide34: 

FIS Area – Fargo/Morehead

Slide35: 

Precipitation: Mean: 1974-2002: 485 mm vs. 1993-2002: 538 mm 53mm FLOW: Mean: 1974-2002: 50 mm vs. 1993-2002: 77 mm 27 mm

Slide36: 

1984 2000 Landsat Images: Simms Creek

Impervious surface fraction: Simms Creek: 

Impervious surface fraction: Simms Creek

Slide38: 

Land use effect on Hydrograph 1990 vs. 1995 Qp 6.5% tp 10.6% 1984 vs. 2000 Qp 16.2% tp 18.1%

Questions?: 

Questions?