logging in or signing up stigmastudent Me_I Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 295 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: January 03, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Lecture Outline Stigmatization: Lecture Outline Stigmatization Stigma Stigma classifications Stigma characteristics Functions of stigmas Stigma: Stigma Consensual beliefs about undesirable attributes or characteristics Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963): Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963) 1. Tribal identities 2. Abominations of the body 3. Blemishes of individual character Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963): Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963) Tribal identities: Social groups into which individuals are born religious groups ethnic groups racial groups national groupsStigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963): Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963) Abominations of the body: Physical ailments: deformities illnesses paralysisStigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963): Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963) Blemishes of individual character: Moral transgressions, weakness of will: drug addiction prostitution homosexuality mental illnessesStigma: Stigma According to Goffman (1963): Stigmatized groups regarded by many as flawedSlide8: People report that they do not emulate, or try to be like, the stigmatized Stereotypes about stigmatized groups are negative Individuals with stigmas are victims of prejudice, discrimination, hate crimesHomophobia Study Adams, Wright, & Lohr (1996): Homophobia Study Adams, Wright, & Lohr (1996) Homophobic Men Non-Homophobic Men Viewed three sexually explicit video tapes Heterosexuals Lesbians Gay men Both groups sexually aroused Both groups sexually aroused Which group was aroused? You fill it in. Stigma Characteristics: Stigma Characteristics Dimensions along which stigmas can differ Concealibility : Concealibility Extent to which a stigma can be hidden from others Stability : Stability Extent to which a stigma can change over time Disruptiveness : Disruptiveness Extent to which a stigma disrupts social interactions Aesthetic Qualities : Aesthetic Qualities Extent to which a stigma is physically unappealing to others Responsibility : Responsibility Extent to which a stigmatized person is seen as personally responsible for their stigma Danger (Peril) : Danger (Peril) Extent to which a stigmatized person is seen as dangerous What we do know...: What we do know... Stigma characteristics are not all-or-none What we do know...: What we do know... Stigma characteristics are not mutually exclusiveWhat we do know...: What we do know... People can hold different beliefs about a stigma’s characteristics Functions of Stigmas: Functions of Stigmas Self-enhancement function Social identity function System justification function Terror management function Self-Enhancement Function: Self-Enhancement Function Stigmatizing out-groups make people feel better about themselves Based on Downward Comparison Theory Social Identity Theory: Social Identity Theory Assumptions: People categorize others into in/out groups Categorization creates a social identity People want to be in groups held in high esteem People sustain positive identity by derogating out-groupsSelf-Enhancement vs. Social Identity Theory: Self-Enhancement vs. Social Identity Theory Self-Enhancement: Derogate the stigmatized Feel good about oneself Derogate the stigmatized Feel good about oneself Feel good about one’s group Social Identity Theory:Self-Enhancement & Social Identity Functions: Self-Enhancement & Social Identity Functions Social Identity Limitations Consensual nature Self-devaluation of stigmas Self-Enhancement Self-EnhancementSelf-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) 253 African American children Presented with 4 dolls 2 brown with black hair 2 white with yellow hair Children asked questions Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Identify actual color of doll Example questions: “Give me the brown doll” “Give me the white doll”Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Result: Children correctly identified the doll’s color 93% gave the brown doll when asked 94% gave the white doll when asked Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Identify racial identity of doll Example questions: “Give me the doll that looks like an African American child” “Give me the doll that looks like a White child”Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Results: Children able to identify the doll’s racial identity 93% gave the brown doll when asked for the one that looked like an African American child 93% gave white doll when asked for the one that looked like a White childSelf-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Identify child’s racial identity Example questions: “Give me the doll that looks like you”Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Results: Children not as good at identifying their own racial identity 66% gave the brown doll when asked which looked like them 33% gave the white doll when asked which looked like themSelf-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Identify racial preference Example questions: “Give me the doll you like best” “Give me the doll that looks bad” “Give me the doll that is a nicer color”Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Results: Children devalued own racial identity: 66% liked the white doll best 59% said the brown doll looked bad only 38% said the brown doll was a nice colorSlide34: System Justification Theory Assumptions: Group inequalities in every society Advantaged groups derogate stigmatized groups to justify why they have more Justifications show how the system is fairSlide35: System Justification Theory Through system justification people: 1. Come to believe that they deserve their privilege 2. The system under which their culture operates is fair 3. Perception of fairness reduces intergroup conflictSlide36: Limitations: Cannot explain social revolutions that initially heighten intergroup conflict System Justification TheorySlide37: Terror Management Function Assumptions: People are aware of their own mortality This awareness creates anxiety People protect self from this anxiety by subscribing to a cultural view that provides order & meaning to an otherwise random worldSlide38: Terror Management Stigmatization serves to reject those who are different and who violate and challenge cultural viewsPrejudice: Prejudice Theories of Racism Theories of PrejudicePrejudice: Prejudice Definition: A positive or negative attitude, belief, or feeling about a person generalized from attitudes, beliefs, or feelings about the person’s group.Components of Prejudice: Components of Prejudice Stereotypic beliefs typical attributes Symbolic beliefs values, traditions, customs Emotions affective reactions (e.g., disgust)Theories of Racism: Theories of Racism Old Fashioned Racism Modern (Symbolic) RacismOld Fashioned Racism: Old Fashioned Racism Premise: People are consciously aware they are racist, but may conceal that from others.Examples of Self-Report Measures of Prejudice: Examples of Self-Report Measures of Prejudice Old Fashioned Racism Scale Generally speaking, do you feel blacks are smarter, not as smart, or about as smart as whites? If a black family with about the same income and education as you moved next door, would you mind it a lot, a little or not at all?Modern (Symbolic) Racism: Modern (Symbolic) Racism Premise: People feel ambivalent toward the stigmatized – torn between the egalitarian values they truly hold and the racism they harbor.Modern (Symbolic) Racism: Modern (Symbolic) Racism Theory proposes that…. People deal with their ambivalence by letting it come out in disguised form – as support for conservative American values.Examples of Self-Report Measures of Prejudice: Examples of Self-Report Measures of Prejudice Modern Racism Scale Over the past few years, blacks have gotten more economically than they deserve Blacks are getting too demanding in their push for equal rightsSelf-Reported Prejudice: Self-Reported Prejudice General pattern: Prejudice is subsiding Explanations: Explanations People are less prejudiced now Social Desirability You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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stigmastudent Me_I Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 295 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: January 03, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Lecture Outline Stigmatization: Lecture Outline Stigmatization Stigma Stigma classifications Stigma characteristics Functions of stigmas Stigma: Stigma Consensual beliefs about undesirable attributes or characteristics Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963): Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963) 1. Tribal identities 2. Abominations of the body 3. Blemishes of individual character Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963): Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963) Tribal identities: Social groups into which individuals are born religious groups ethnic groups racial groups national groupsStigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963): Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963) Abominations of the body: Physical ailments: deformities illnesses paralysisStigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963): Stigma Classifications (Goffman, 1963) Blemishes of individual character: Moral transgressions, weakness of will: drug addiction prostitution homosexuality mental illnessesStigma: Stigma According to Goffman (1963): Stigmatized groups regarded by many as flawedSlide8: People report that they do not emulate, or try to be like, the stigmatized Stereotypes about stigmatized groups are negative Individuals with stigmas are victims of prejudice, discrimination, hate crimesHomophobia Study Adams, Wright, & Lohr (1996): Homophobia Study Adams, Wright, & Lohr (1996) Homophobic Men Non-Homophobic Men Viewed three sexually explicit video tapes Heterosexuals Lesbians Gay men Both groups sexually aroused Both groups sexually aroused Which group was aroused? You fill it in. Stigma Characteristics: Stigma Characteristics Dimensions along which stigmas can differ Concealibility : Concealibility Extent to which a stigma can be hidden from others Stability : Stability Extent to which a stigma can change over time Disruptiveness : Disruptiveness Extent to which a stigma disrupts social interactions Aesthetic Qualities : Aesthetic Qualities Extent to which a stigma is physically unappealing to others Responsibility : Responsibility Extent to which a stigmatized person is seen as personally responsible for their stigma Danger (Peril) : Danger (Peril) Extent to which a stigmatized person is seen as dangerous What we do know...: What we do know... Stigma characteristics are not all-or-none What we do know...: What we do know... Stigma characteristics are not mutually exclusiveWhat we do know...: What we do know... People can hold different beliefs about a stigma’s characteristics Functions of Stigmas: Functions of Stigmas Self-enhancement function Social identity function System justification function Terror management function Self-Enhancement Function: Self-Enhancement Function Stigmatizing out-groups make people feel better about themselves Based on Downward Comparison Theory Social Identity Theory: Social Identity Theory Assumptions: People categorize others into in/out groups Categorization creates a social identity People want to be in groups held in high esteem People sustain positive identity by derogating out-groupsSelf-Enhancement vs. Social Identity Theory: Self-Enhancement vs. Social Identity Theory Self-Enhancement: Derogate the stigmatized Feel good about oneself Derogate the stigmatized Feel good about oneself Feel good about one’s group Social Identity Theory:Self-Enhancement & Social Identity Functions: Self-Enhancement & Social Identity Functions Social Identity Limitations Consensual nature Self-devaluation of stigmas Self-Enhancement Self-EnhancementSelf-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) 253 African American children Presented with 4 dolls 2 brown with black hair 2 white with yellow hair Children asked questions Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Identify actual color of doll Example questions: “Give me the brown doll” “Give me the white doll”Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Result: Children correctly identified the doll’s color 93% gave the brown doll when asked 94% gave the white doll when asked Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Identify racial identity of doll Example questions: “Give me the doll that looks like an African American child” “Give me the doll that looks like a White child”Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Results: Children able to identify the doll’s racial identity 93% gave the brown doll when asked for the one that looked like an African American child 93% gave white doll when asked for the one that looked like a White childSelf-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Identify child’s racial identity Example questions: “Give me the doll that looks like you”Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Results: Children not as good at identifying their own racial identity 66% gave the brown doll when asked which looked like them 33% gave the white doll when asked which looked like themSelf-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Identify racial preference Example questions: “Give me the doll you like best” “Give me the doll that looks bad” “Give me the doll that is a nicer color”Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939): Self-Devaluation Study Clark & Clark (1939) Results: Children devalued own racial identity: 66% liked the white doll best 59% said the brown doll looked bad only 38% said the brown doll was a nice colorSlide34: System Justification Theory Assumptions: Group inequalities in every society Advantaged groups derogate stigmatized groups to justify why they have more Justifications show how the system is fairSlide35: System Justification Theory Through system justification people: 1. Come to believe that they deserve their privilege 2. The system under which their culture operates is fair 3. Perception of fairness reduces intergroup conflictSlide36: Limitations: Cannot explain social revolutions that initially heighten intergroup conflict System Justification TheorySlide37: Terror Management Function Assumptions: People are aware of their own mortality This awareness creates anxiety People protect self from this anxiety by subscribing to a cultural view that provides order & meaning to an otherwise random worldSlide38: Terror Management Stigmatization serves to reject those who are different and who violate and challenge cultural viewsPrejudice: Prejudice Theories of Racism Theories of PrejudicePrejudice: Prejudice Definition: A positive or negative attitude, belief, or feeling about a person generalized from attitudes, beliefs, or feelings about the person’s group.Components of Prejudice: Components of Prejudice Stereotypic beliefs typical attributes Symbolic beliefs values, traditions, customs Emotions affective reactions (e.g., disgust)Theories of Racism: Theories of Racism Old Fashioned Racism Modern (Symbolic) RacismOld Fashioned Racism: Old Fashioned Racism Premise: People are consciously aware they are racist, but may conceal that from others.Examples of Self-Report Measures of Prejudice: Examples of Self-Report Measures of Prejudice Old Fashioned Racism Scale Generally speaking, do you feel blacks are smarter, not as smart, or about as smart as whites? If a black family with about the same income and education as you moved next door, would you mind it a lot, a little or not at all?Modern (Symbolic) Racism: Modern (Symbolic) Racism Premise: People feel ambivalent toward the stigmatized – torn between the egalitarian values they truly hold and the racism they harbor.Modern (Symbolic) Racism: Modern (Symbolic) Racism Theory proposes that…. People deal with their ambivalence by letting it come out in disguised form – as support for conservative American values.Examples of Self-Report Measures of Prejudice: Examples of Self-Report Measures of Prejudice Modern Racism Scale Over the past few years, blacks have gotten more economically than they deserve Blacks are getting too demanding in their push for equal rightsSelf-Reported Prejudice: Self-Reported Prejudice General pattern: Prejudice is subsiding Explanations: Explanations People are less prejudiced now Social Desirability