Presentation Transcript
Form and Function of Vertebrates: Form and Function of Vertebrates Section 20-3
Rm 111 @ THS
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Diagrams needed in this presentation: Diagrams needed in this presentation Fish circulatory system
Frog system
Mammalian system
Alligator moving vs. mammal moving
Video of herbivore chewing, carnivore eating
Frog gulping air
Bird’s air sacs: diagram in motion
People standing in line at Disney world (Pre show issue)
Diagram of alveoli
Reptile sunning itself on a rock
Fish in water under ice: 4 degrees Celsius
Etc.
Slide3:
Alveoli
Objectives: Objectives
Describe a single-loop circulatory system Describe a Double-loop circulatory system
Compare two techniques of body temperature control in vertebrates
Support and Movement: Support and Movement Reptiles: horizontal limbs
Mammals: vertical limbs
Feeding and Digestion: Feeding and Digestion Carnivores: shorter digestive tract
Herbivores: longer digestive tract Why? Plant material takes longer to digest!
Respiration: Respiration Gills: fish, larval amphibian
Lungs: adult amphibian
Air sacs: birds
Lung: mammals
Bronchi
Alveoli What are some structures used for respiration in vertebrates?
Most efficient in Birds: Most efficient in Birds
Slide9: People at Disneyland
Slide10: birds - air sacs
Air Sac: Air Sac
Slide12: frog gulping air?
Internal Transport: Single-loop: Internal Transport: Single-loop Fish
two sets of capillaries
pressure loss after gills
two-chambered heart
atrium
ventricle
less efficient
Internal Transport: Double-loop: Internal Transport: Double-loop amphibians: three-chambered heart
mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
mammals: four-chambered heart
two atria, two ventricles
no mixing
blood to lungs: pulmonary circulation
blood to body: systemic circulation
Temperature Control: Temperature Control Fishes, amphibians, reptiles
Environment used to control temperature
Ectotherms
Water: a constant temperature environment
Slide17: fish in water
Slide18: reptile sunning
Temperature Control: Temperature Control Mammals
Generate body heat through chemical reactions in body tissues
Endotherms
Excretion: Excretion Diffusion of ammonia
Through gills: fish
Through skin: amphibians
Kidney
Urea: mammals
less toxic
Uric Acid: birds, reptiles
less soluble
Response: Response Cephalization
Brain
Spinal cord
protected: vertebrae
Cerebrum
an increased size from fish to amphibians to mammals
Reproduction: Reproduction Almost always sexual
External fertilization in some, e.g
Codfish,frogs
Internal fertilization in
Mammals, birds, reptiles, certain amphibians
Trend toward internal fertilization
ReproductionThree Strategies : Reproduction Three Strategies Oviparous: (Fish) Eggs laid outside and fertilized – lots of eggs/offspring needed
Viviparous: (Mammal) – Few eggs Internal fertilization in
Ovoviviparous: (Shark) Trend toward internal fertilization
Xerox 20-3: Xerox 20-3 1 D
2 H
3 F
4 E
5 B
6 C
7 I
8 C
9 D
10 E
11 G
12 A
13 F
14 REPTILE
15 VERTICAL
16 SHORTER, LONGER
Slide25: 17 ventricle
18 atria ventricals
19 endothremic
20 b e f
21 urea
22 mammals, birds
23 sexually
24 4,1,2,3 mamal, fish, reptile, bird
25 Water does not vary greatly in its temperature.
Slide26: frog gulping air? http://www.folkways.si.edu/images/frog-18.jpg
birds air sacs motion http://www.csuchico.edu/~pmaslin/fbiol/pics/BrdBrth.GIF
People at disney land http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=students.washington.edu/pphan001/travel/disney/waiting.jpg&imgrefurl=http://students.washington.edu/pphan001/travel/disney/&h=373&w=546&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddisney%2Bland%2Blines%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8
Alveoli http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/graphics/bronchiole_diagram.gif&imgrefurl=http://info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardAlveoli http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/graphics/bronchiole_diagram.gif&imgrefurl=http://info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/&h=400&w=760&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalveoli%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8
reptile sunning http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.artofwildlife.com/nilesunsoaker.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.artofwildlife.com/reptiles.html&h=141&w=200&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dreptiles%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bsun%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8
io/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/&h=400&w=760&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalveoli%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8
reptile sunning http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.artofwildlife.com/nilesunsoaker.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.artofwildlife.com/reptiles.html&h=141&w=200&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dreptiles%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bsun%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8
fish in water http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.solcomhouse.com/Antarc8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.solcomhouse.com/Antarctica.htm&h=150&w=226&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfish%2Bin%2Bice%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8
References - Credits