Trade Regime – Climate RegimeInteractions Implications of the U.S. Energy Policy Act : Trade Regime – Climate Regime Interactions Implications of the U.S. Energy Policy Act Thomas L. Brewer Georgetown University, Washington, DC and Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels


Outline of Presentation: Outline of Presentation Provisions of U.S. Energy Policy Act Relationship to trade issues (WTO) Significance for climate policy


U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005: U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005 ‘Climate Change’ - Title XVI Subtitle A: National Climate Change Technology Deployment Subtitle B: Climate Change Technology Deployment in Developing Countries


Subtitle A: National Climate Change Technology Deployment: Subtitle A: National Climate Change Technology Deployment Establishes executive branch organizational arrangements Mandates creation of national climate change technology policy and program Mandates ‘inventory’ and ‘evaluation’ of GHG ‘intensity reducing technologies…suitable for commercialization and deployment’


Subtitle B: Climate Change Technology Deployment in Developing Countries: Subtitle B: Climate Change Technology Deployment in Developing Countries Office of the U.S. Trade Representative must … Identify developing countries’ barriers to U.S. exports of GHG reducing technologies Negotiate their removal Report to Congress annually on progress in their removal


Relationship to Trade Policy: Relationship to Trade Policy USG will negotiate in regional and bilateral arenas as well as multilateral Relationship to WTO negotiations Goods and Services Trade and Investment and Licensing GATT and GATS and TRIPS and ….


WTO Issues: WTO Issues EGS: Harmonized System of goods classifications for tariffs (GATT) US submission on 30 June 2005 ‘Report by the Chairperson…’ – 12 October ‘Synthesis of Submissions…’ 17 November Renewable energy; energy efficiency; … GATS: Schedules of Specific Commitments ‘Environmental services sector’ (more or less)


Significance: Tangible Effects: Significance: Tangible Effects It’s All about Lists Barriers in importing countries that are identified by USTR Results of US inventories of technologies Similar goods and services of other exporting countries (MFN in WTO)


Significance: Intangible Effects: Significance: Intangible Effects Changes the framing of the issues Changes the international institutional context Changes the negotiating dynamics


Framing the Issues: Framing the Issues From economic assistance for capacity building and sustainable development To trade policy liberalization for foreign market access and export expansion


Institutional Contextand Negotiating Dynamics: Institutional Context and Negotiating Dynamics From linkages to other climate change issues such as capacity building aid in exchange for emission targets To linkages to other trade, investment and intellectual property issues such as reduction of barriers to agricultural trade in exchange for reduction of barriers to climate change technology trade


Slide12: For more on these and related issues …. Articles in Climate Policy (2003, 2004) Chapter in Multinationals, the Environment and Global Competition (Elsevier, 2005) www.georgetown.edu www.ceps.be Email: brewert@georgetown.edu