Trilogy

Slide1: 

Energy Trilogy: Economics, Efficiency, and the Environment

Our Energy Sources: 

Renewable Biomass Geothermal Hydro Solar Wind Non-Renewable Coal Natural Gas Petroleum Propane Uranium Our Energy Sources All sources have positive and negative attributes related to environmental impacts, abundance, cost, reliability, etc.

Primary Consumption for Electric Generation by Fuel Type, 2005 : 

Primary Consumption for Electric Generation by Fuel Type, 2005 Source: NYSERDA, Pattern & Trends Report, January 2007

Electricity: 

Electricity

Slide8: 

“The world’s electricity consumption is predicted to increase by 100% in the next 25 years."

Slide9: 

The world’s electricity consumption will increase dramatically due to: Increased world population Increased demand in the U.S. and other developed countries Increased demand from developing countries, such as China and India. The Facts:

Slide10: 

NASA Satellite Image

Home Heating: 

Home Heating

Slide12: 

How NYS Heats NYSERDA Patterns and Trends, Dec. ’05

Transportation: 

Transportation

Primary Consumption of Energy in Transportation Sector, 2005: 

Primary Consumption of Energy in Transportation Sector, 2005

“The U.S. consumes only 10% of the world’s oil.”: 

“The U.S. consumes only 10% of the world’s oil.”

Slide16: 

The U.S. consumes almost 25% of the world’s oil. World oil consumption = 84 million barrels per day US = 20.8 million barrels/day Projected to rise to 26.1 in 2025 NYS= 0.9 million barrels/day EIA, 2004, Patterns and Trends, NYSERDA The Facts:

What is Global Climate Change?: 

What is Global Climate Change?

Burning Fossil Fuels is Affecting Earth’s Climate.: 

Burning Fossil Fuels is Affecting Earth’s Climate. There is CO2 in the air naturally. It keeps the planet warm enough to sustain life. CO2 is released when fossil fuels or biomass (such as wood) are burned. Too much CO2 can cause problems for our climate.

CO2 Emissions Worldwide: 

CO2 Emissions Worldwide

What impacts are we seeing?: 

Since the Industrial Revolution: 25% increase in CO2 concentrations 1.4o F rise in average temperature of the earth. Sea level has risen 4” to 8.” Increased precipitation in certain countries and drought in others. Increased frequency of extreme precipitation events. What impacts are we seeing? (Refs: NASA, Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Union of Concerned Scientists, Journal of Climate 7,Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 77, Nature 384, others)

Melting Arctic Ice Cap: 

Melting Arctic Ice Cap

What can be done?: 

What can be done? Technological advances resulting in more efficient equipment and processes Behavioral modifications Increase fuel efficiency standards Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) Increase awareness GET INVOLVED!

Energy Trilogy: Economics, Efficiency and the Environment: 

Energy Trilogy: Economics, Efficiency and the Environment Suggestions for using Energy Action Technology materials to create Energy Smart Students

Your tote includes:: 

Your tote includes: Energy Action Technology - a manual filled with information and 72 activities to supplement your existing energy and resource curriculum Posters on energy and energy sources - coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, renewable energy, electrical generation, etc. The Energist - easy to understand background information on energy sources for you and your students with additional activities An Intermediate, High School & Adult Energy Action Challenge Booklet

Your tote includes:: 

Your tote includes: Supplemental CDs with more activities, handouts, models and background information Correlations to NYSED standards in Math, Science and Technology, Social Studies and Career Development NYSERDA information and program literature that can help you save energy

Energy Action Technology (EATech): 

Energy Action Technology (EATech) Comprehensive information on energy sources and energy efficiency Covers fossil fuels, nuclear, solar, wind, water, geothermal, biomass, and hydrogen Also includes a glossary of key terms and a list of related books and other media

Background, Section 1 (EATech): 

Background, Section 1 (EATech) Energy use increases with our standard of living and quality of life 18% of the world’s population uses 56% of the world’s energy supply The U.S. consumes almost a quarter of the world’s energy, but has only 3% of the world’s population

Energy Basics, Section 2 (EATech): 

Energy Basics, Section 2 (EATech) Energy is the ability to do work Forms of energy: radiant (electromagnetic), gravitational, chemical, nuclear, elastic, thermal, mechanical, electrical Energy is never gained or lost in a system but can be converted from one form to another Sample activities: Get Your Motor Running, pg. 20; Energy for Electricity, pg. 24; Energy Units and Calculations, pg. 32; Roller Coaster Energy, pg. 36

Get Your Motor Runningpg. 20 (EATech): 

Get Your Motor Running pg. 20 (EATech) Students use inexpensive materials to construct a motor Motor: a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy Covers many energy transformations, magnetism and electromagnets Materials: battery, paper clips, wire, magnets

How a motor works: 

How a motor works A motor works by the interaction of two magnets, one fixed permanent magnet and one electromagnet that is free to spin. Each face of the coil of wire acts as the pole of the magnet. The attraction and repulsion of those faces with the permanent magnet is what pulls and pushes the coil around. Because a battery gives us direct current, the coil only spins in one direction. Variables include the amount of voltage, the thickness of the wire (thicker=less resistance), the strength of the permanent magnets, and the number of loops in the coil.

Energy for Electricity pg. 24 (EATech): 

Energy for Electricity pg. 24 (EATech) Covers how electricity is produced and delivered to homes in a puzzle Relates to energy conversions and resources, pros & cons of different sources Can show the uses of transformers and electrical circuits Materials: puzzle pieces, pinwheel, hand held generator is a big plus

Energy Units and Calculations pg. 32 (EATech): 

Energy Units and Calculations pg. 32 (EATech) Quick introduction to energy definitions, units and calculations Discusses gravitational, heat, electrical, and chemical energy Introduces the concept of work, the Newton and work calculations Real world problems

Roller Coaster Energy pg. 36 (EATech): 

Roller Coaster Energy pg. 36 (EATech) Good for studying forces and motion, along with transformation of potential to kinetic energy Students can hypothesize which will be greater, starting PE or ending KE, then calculate PE and KE of their coasters Materials: pipe insulation, masking tape, marbles, meter sticks, stopwatches, balance, calculators

Roller Coaster Calculations: 

Roller Coaster Calculations Measure – starting height (m), distance from the end of the coaster (usually 2 m), time to travel the distance (sec.) and mass of the marble (g, convert to kg) Speed= distance/time v=d/t Mechanical Kinetic Energy= 1/2mv2 Gravitational Potential Energy= mgh (g=9.8m/s2)

The Current Energy Scene, Section 3 (EATech): 

The Current Energy Scene, Section 3 (EATech) Developed countries rely mainly on nonrenewable resources for their energy needs Use of fossil fuels creates environmental problems Sample Activities: Discovering Electricity Sources, pg. 50; Pass the Sack, pg. 53; The Search for Energy, pg. 55

Discovering Electricity Sources pg. 50 (EATech): 

Discovering Electricity Sources pg. 50 (EATech) Shows that different countries use different resources for the same purpose Spurs thinking on how resources are distributed and why some places use different resources than others Materials: beads or mini M&Ms, access to reference materials for research

Discovering Electric Sources-Instructions: 

Discovering Electric Sources- Instructions Predict the percentage of each fuel used to produce ELECTRICITY in your assigned country Each bead/M&M represents 5% M&M or Bead colors represent energy sources: Black/Brown = coal Orange = natural gas Red = oil Yellow = nuclear Blue = hydroelectric Green = other renewables Create a pie chart using the paper plate.

Pass the Sack pg. 53 (EATech) : 

Pass the Sack pg. 53 (EATech) Renewable and nonrenewable resources are represented by candy As candy runs out, social issues such as personal ethics, the need for laws, and the reasons for political actions between countries can be explored Materials: sack with two types of candy- suggest Tootsie Rolls & Starbursts

The Search for Energy pg. 55 (EATech): 

The Search for Energy pg. 55 (EATech) Students collect energy resources, seeing that most common energy resources will disappear, they are nonrenewable Students will identify solar energy as a renewable resource Good activity for graphing Materials: beads, watch

Search for Energy Data Sheet: 

Search for Energy Data Sheet

Sample Graph: 

Sample Graph

Nuclear Energy, Section 4 (EATech): 

Nuclear Energy, Section 4 (EATech) Nuclear energy produces about 20% of US electricity (25% in NY state), a number that has held pretty steady since the 1970’s. Section covers the fission process, uses of radioactivity, types of decay and types of radioactive waste Sample Activity: Chain Reaction, pg. 98

Chain Reaction pg. 98, (EATech): 

Chain Reaction pg. 98, (EATech) Illustrates the fission chain reaction and the concept of critical mass Shows how control rods are used to regulate nuclear reactions Point out the difference between the controlled reactions in a nuclear power plant and the uncontrolled reaction of an atomic bomb Materials: 2 paper wads per student + 1 for yourself; oil, alcohol and a clear cup for extension activity

Other Activities in Section 4: 

Other Activities in Section 4 Radioactive decay pg. 108/Half-life pg. 112 concept of half-life, decay curves and radioactive dating Three ways to decay, pg. 116 alpha, beta & gamma decay equations Not in MY Backyard!, pg. 126 nuclear waste disposal role play exercise and model building

Solar Energy, Section 5 (EATech): 

Solar Energy, Section 5 (EATech) This section covers the nature of electromagnetic radiation, heat transfer, and the different uses of solar power Activities include solar thermal, passive solar design, and photovoltaics Sample Activity: Photovoltaic Experiments, pg. 165-177- Series and Parallel Circuits with Solar Cells, pg. 176

Series and Parallel Circuits with Solar Cells pg. 176: 

Series and Parallel Circuits with Solar Cells pg. 176 Follows explorations of power curves of solar cells, investigation of best angle, etc. Connect cells in series, parallel, and combinations to maximize voltage, current, and power. Materials: 2 solar cells, 4 leads, motor with propeller, multimeter

Series Circuit: 

Series Circuit Connect + of one panel to the – of the other to join them as one Voltages add together but total current remains the same as using one panel

Parallel Circuit: 

Parallel Circuit Connect + to + and – to – on each panel Current produced by each panel is added together Maximum current, but voltage is the same as just one panel

Maximum power: 

Maximum power To obtain maximum power from a solar array, a combination of cells joined in series and parallel must be used.

Biomass Energy, Section 6 (EATech) : 

Biomass Energy, Section 6 (EATech) Biomass is stored solar energy Covers photosynthesis, carbon cycle- why biomass is considered a “carbon neutral” fuel Uses of biomass: alcohol fuels, biogas, syngas, biocrude-derived gasoline, biodiesel Activity 2 focuses on energy required to produce foods and the conflict between energy vs. food production for crop land Activities 3-8 focus on biofuel production

Food For Humans pg. 202 (EATech): 

Food For Humans pg. 202 (EATech) A look at a classic food chain for creatures in the wild compared with the energy flow of bringing food to a modern human Shows the inefficiency of our food production system, the difference in energy between eating at different locations on the food chain (meat vs. veggies) Beef requires an energy input of 31 Petajoules of nonrenewable energy to give an energy output of 12 Petajoules to the consumer, a 2.6:1 ratio Vegetables on the other hand have a 1.6:1 energy input to output ratio

Biogas from Biomass pg. 220 (EATech): 

Biogas from Biomass pg. 220 (EATech) Production of biogas (primarily methane) from plant and animal waste, similar to landfill gas production Key points: Fill flask with liquid so that there is less oxygen Maintain temperature of mix close to 37 C Keep particle size small for faster results Ratio of Carbon to Nitrogen is important- most plant matter is okay but some crop plants are carbon heavy so you don’t want to use them

Wind Energy, Section 7 (EATech): 

Wind Energy, Section 7 (EATech) Wind is the fastest growing renewable resource worldwide Activities cover the causes and uses of wind; calculations of the energy and power produced by wind; building wind turbines; efficiency and limitations of wind power

Important Wind Concepts: 

Important Wind Concepts Cut-in- wind speed at which a wind turbine begins to generate power Cut-out or furling- the wind speed at which the turbine blades are disengaged from the generator to avoid damage to the machinery- power generation stops See diagram pg 264, (EATech) Power= e x 0.6 x A x v3 Variables include blade pitch, length, and # of blades

Building Wind Turbinespg. 266 (EATech): 

Building Wind Turbines pg. 266 (EATech) Students build model wind turbines to test the following variables: blade angle, number of blades, blade length Model designs are included on the supplemental CD, however, students will learn more by designing their own turbines Materials: vary with design- motors and multimeters are needed to produce and measure voltage output, other materials that can be used include styrofoam balls, corks, plastic plates, craft sticks, etc.

Water & Geothermal Energy, Section 8 (EATech): 

Water & Geothermal Energy, Section 8 (EATech) This section covers the water cycle, power & efficiency calculations, building simple water turbines, pros & cons of hydropower New forms of water power being investigated include wave power, tidal power, ocean current power and ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)- these technologies make good web surfing topics Geothermal energy information, demonstrations and research suggestions start on pg. 302

Hydrogen, Section 9 (EATech): 

Hydrogen, Section 9 (EATech) Hydrogen is a major research area and area of rapid change Great example of how a scientific principle develops and technologies evolve Topics include hydrogen safety, production of H2, uses of H2, and barriers to a “Hydrogen Economy”

Electrolysis pg. 315 (EATech): 

Electrolysis pg. 315 (EATech) Electrolysis is one way to make hydrogen gas using renewable resources Salt is a catalyst, oxygen also produced Materials: clear cup or beaker, battery (6 or 9 volt) or PV panel, salt or baking soda, 2 copper wires or leads, aluminum foil, spoon or stirring rod, multimeter

Mini Rockets pg. 323 (EATech): 

Mini Rockets pg. 323 (EATech) Students prepare hydrogen and oxygen gases using chemical reactions and use these gases to propel miniature rockets Students must determine optimum ratio of H:O Materials: film canister gas generators, pipettes, piezoelectric sparkers, mossy zinc, HCl, H2O2, yeast, petri dishes, cup of water

Energy Efficiency: 

Energy Efficiency All energy sources have advantages and disadvantages To meet our future energy needs, improved energy efficiency is very important How can we lower our energy demand without sacrificing our standard of living?

Energy Awareness Quiz pg. 85 (EATech): 

Energy Awareness Quiz pg. 85 (EATech) Two part activity Short general knowledge quiz, followed by math activity “How Much CO2 Do You Spew?” on global warming Familiarizes students with scope of fossil fuel use and the environmental consequences of our personal decisions/quality of life.

Energy Futures, Section 10 (EATech): 

Energy Futures, Section 10 (EATech) Students explore energy scenarios for the future Focuses on problem solving skills, applying knowledge of energy resources from the previous sections. Sample Activities: The Futures Wheel, pg. 349; Summer Camp 2050, pg. 362

Energy Action, Section 11 (EATech): 

Energy Action, Section 11 (EATech) Students look at their energy habits and determine ways they can help save energy, both personally, in the home, school, and workplace. Take the Energy Challenge, pg. 372 Energy Walkabout, pg. 382 Hitting the Road, pg. 384 Energy Summit, pg. 388

Hitting the Road pg. 384 (EATech): 

Hitting the Road pg. 384 (EATech) A resource use and planning game Participants must plan how to get to town and back home with limited resources Alternative fuel vehicles are easily incorporated into the activity Materials: car cards from pg. 387, location signs, small cracker or pretzel “fuel” for students who need something concrete

Web & Literature Resources on Conservation: 

Web & Literature Resources on Conservation Websites pg. 11-12 Book List pg. 399-401 Igniting Creative Energy Challenge www.ignitingcreativeenergy.org Students and teachers can win an educational trip for two to a great destination such as Hawaii

Putting it all Together: 

Putting it all Together Review Objectives Questions? Evaluations Door Prizes