The periodic Table-5

The Periodic Table:

The Periodic Table Everything You need to know about the ...

The Periodic Table:

The Periodic Table Its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, who intended the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The current standard table contains 117 elements as of July 2009 (elements 1 – 116 and element 118 ).

Rows in the Periodic Table:

Rows in the Periodic Table The Periodic Table has 7 rows. The rows are called Periods . The total number of electron shells an atom has determines the period to which it belongs. The electrons in the outermost shell determine the chemical properties of the atom. What element is this? How many electron shells does it have? What row (period) is it found in the Periodic Table? How many outermost electrons does it have? (These outermost electrons are called Valence electrons .)

Slide 4:

Vertical Columns are also called groups or families . The Periodic Table has 18 columns. The Table is arranged so that elements with similar properties fall into the same columns . The number of valence shell electrons determines the family, or group, to which the element belongs and its chemical properties. Using a Periodic Table determine which elements have similar properties to these: Gold (Au) Potassium (K) Chlorine (Cl) Columns in the Periodic Table

The Periodic Table Element Information:

The Periodic Table Element Information In the periodic table, each element is usually listed with its element symbol and atomic number ; many versions of the table also list the element's atomic mass and other information, such as its abbreviated electron configuration . What is the element name? What is its atomic number? What is its atomic mass? What is the electron configuration for this element? How many valence electrons?

Why is it called the Periodic Table?:

Why is it called the Periodic Table?

Element Organization:

Element Organization In the Periodic Table elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number (i.e., the number of protons in the atomic nucleus ). Rows are arranged so that elements with similar properties fall into the same columns ( groups or families ). The atomic mass of the element generally get larger down a column and when moving left to right in a period. There are a few exceptions to this rule.

Group Names:

Group Names A group or family is a vertical column in the periodic table. Groups are considered the most important method of classifying the elements. In some groups, the elements have very similar properties and exhibit a clear trend in properties down the group. These groups tend to be given trivial (unsystematic) names, e.g., the Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, Transition metals, and noble gases . Some other groups in the periodic table display fewer similarities and/or vertical trends (for example Group 14), and these have no trivial names and are referred to simply by their group numbers.

Group or Family Names:

Group or Family Names

Name the Division of the Periodic Table #1-9:

Name the Division of the Periodic Table #1-9

Group Facts Alkali Metals:

Group Facts Alkali Metals Group 1 Elements. These are soft, silvery colored metals. They are the most reactive group of metals . They have a single valence electron which they give up easily, forming ions with a 1+ charge . Hydrogen is generally included in this group, because it has a single valence electron. However, it does not have any of the other metallic properties, and generally behaves as a nonmetal when forming compounds.

Group Facts Alkaline Earth Metals:

Group Facts Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Elements: Shiny, silvery white metals. They are also highly reactive, but slightly less than the alkali metals. They have two valence electrons , which they give up to form ions with a 2+ charge.

Group Facts “Noble Gases”:

Group Facts “Noble Gases” Group 18 Elements. All are generally unreactive gases. They have full valence shells, so they tend to neither gain nor give up electrons. Also called the inert gases, although they can form compounds under certain conditions.

Group Facts “Halogens”:

Group Facts “Halogens” Group 17 Elements. The most highly reactive nonmetals. All require a single electron to fill their valence shell. Gaining this electron forms an ion with a 1- charge. Many periodic tables also list hydrogen with the halogens. The halogens all form diatomic molecules (molecules formed by two atoms of the same element, for example F 2 )

Group Facts “Transition Metals”:

Group Facts “Transition Metals” Metals in groups 3-12 These include many elements with varied properties. Most form positively charged ions. Several transition metals can form two different ions. For example, iron may lose two electrons and form a 2+ ion; or, under different conditions, iron may lose three electrons and form a 3+ ion.

Group Facts “Metalloids”:

Group Facts “Metalloids” This includes elements on the boundary between metals and non-metals. Metalloids are B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po. These elements share some general properties with both metals and nonmetals.

Group Facts “Poor Metals”:

Group Facts “Poor Metals” The metals in groups 13-16. (Not the non-metals in these groups.) Several of these elements can also form multiple ionic charges.

Metals vs Nonmetals:

Metals vs Nonmetals Metals Lose Electron. Nonmetals gain electrons. Metals make Positive ions. Nonmetals make Negative Ions. Metals conduct heat and electricity. Nonmetals are insulators of heat and electricity. Metals are shiny – nonmetals are dull.

Trends or Patterns of the “Periodic” Table:

Trends or Patterns of the “Periodic” Table The arrangement of elements in the periodic table is not random. They have been arranged by atomic number into rows and columns. Properties within each individual group (column) on the Periodic Table are similar, but nevertheless vary within a group. Generally chemical activity decreases as the period increases a non-metal group and increases as the period increases within a metal group. The first element in a group is always an active metal, the last is always an inactive non-metal.

Trends or Patterns of the “Periodic” Table:

Trends or Patterns of the “Periodic” Table Do you see a pattern to the atomic radii for elements in the periodic table?

Atomic Radii Trends Explained:

Atomic Radii Trends Explained Moving left to right across a period, atomic radius usually decreases. This occurs because each successive element has an added proton and electron which causes the electron to be drawn closer to the nucleus. Moving down a family or column, the atomic radius usually increases as more energy levels are added to the atoms.

Periodic Table’s Main Value:

Periodic Table’s Main Value The main value of the periodic table is the ability to predict the chemical properties of an element based on its location on the table . It should be noted that the properties vary differently when moving vertically along the columns of the table than when moving horizontally along the rows.