Andrew

Submicrometer-Sized Vaterite Tubes Formed Through Nanobubble-Templated Crystal Growth Is there life on Mars?: 

Submicrometer-Sized Vaterite Tubes Formed Through Nanobubble-Templated Crystal Growth Is there life on Mars? Andrew van Bommel February 14th, 2006

Martian Encounter: 

Martian Encounter Worm-like shaped carbonate and carbonate-containing minerals found on Martian meteorites In the lab, mineralization has only been carried out with the intervention of organic molecules Organic = life on Mars?

The Conspiracy: 

The Conspiracy From UBC (United Bureau of Conspiracies)

The “Study”: 

The “Study” Electrochemical System: Solution of Ca2+ and HCO3-

Results: 

Results Vaterite nanotubes with: OD = 150-300 nm ID = 80-200 nm

Reactions at Cathode: 

Reactions at Cathode Either of these reactions occurs at the cathode: 2H+ + 2e-  H2(g) ϕ = -1.2V 1/2O2(aq) + H2O + 2e-  2OH- ϕ = -0.9V The pH is increased near the cathode, causing local supersaturation and precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the cathode

Nanobubbles: 

Nanobubbles SEM images show hollow hemispheres and early-stage tube growth

Nanobubbles: 

Nanobubbles Small holes 50-100 nm suggested that there were nanometer sized gas bubbles (H2) existing on the cathode surface before the vaterite layer deposition

Supporting Evidence: 

Supporting Evidence Adding H2O2 to the solution altered the cathode reaction from reduction of H2O to reduction of H2O2 (ϕ = -0.5V  -0.8V) No bubbles at the cathode, no CaCO3 tubes Hydrophobicity of the silicon surface decreased upon oxidation (nanobubbles have been reported to grow on hydrophobic surfaces) No tube formation

BUT WAIT!!!!!!: 

BUT WAIT!!!!!! 3-electrode electrochemical systems and potentiostats have yet to be found on Mars (not to mention Martian life or robots to run the systems)

Therefore,: 

Therefore, Life on Mars Exists!