NEMS eia 3 27 01

Slide1: 

Dave Baxter Toyota Technical Center, USA, Inc. Advanced Technology Vehicles What, When, How Many??

Slide2: 

TOYOTA ECO-Project Electric Vehicle Hybrid Vehicle Gasoline Engine CNG Diesel DI D-4 VVT-i FCHV THS Lean Burn Series Hybrid Alternative Fuel Diesel Engine EV The Ultimate ECO Car

What is an Eco Vehicle?: 

What is an Eco Vehicle? Low Criteria Emissions Low CO2 Emissions Highly Recyclable Low Manufacturing Emissions

Slide4: 

Necessary Conditions for Market Acceptability Acceptability Issues Infrastructure Price Convenience

What Does the Market Want?: 

What Does the Market Want? A significant and growing percentage of customers indicate a willingness to buy an environmentally friendly vehicle, if and only if, all other attributes are equal

Toyota Hybrid Objectives: 

Significant Increase in Fuel Economy over Conventional Gasoline-Powered Vehicles Significant Reductions in Exhaust Emissions Smooth, Responsive Power Train No New Infrastructure Competitive Price for Clean Vehicle Penetration Toyota Hybrid Objectives

Slide7: 

Prius - Gasoline/Electric Hybrid

Slide8: 

Vehicle Specifications $19,995 + shipping

Slide9: 

Engine and THS Transmission

THS Gear Train : 

THS Gear Train

Hybrid Power Management: 

+ - Power Energy Supply to Make Up for Shortage Maximum Efficiency Engine Operation Battery Time Recharge During Cruise Recovery of Braking Energy Hybrid Power Management

Slide12: 

Prius ICE Operation LA#4 (Cold start) cumulative range

Slide13: 

Fuel Economy 30 50 60 Prius Average Compact 0 mpg 58 mpg US Combined (CAFE) 31 mpg 40 45 mpg 31 mpg 23 mpg 52 mpg US Highway (Label) US City (Label) 20

Slide14: 

Improvements in Fuel Efficiency engine turn off braking energy regeneration increase in efficiency U.S. City Mode U.S. HWY Mode increase in efficiency

Emissions: 

Emissions California SULEV: 0.01 g/mi NMOG 0.02 g/mi NOx (@ 120,000 miles) Enhanced Evap OBD II

Slide16: 

Gasoline Engine GHG Emission 0 1.0 0.5 Prius EV FCEV Relative GHG - Full Fuel Cycle (Compared with Conventional Gasoline Engine) Driving Condition: US City/Highway Combined CA Gasoline Reformer Methanol Reformer H2 US Average

HEV Product Announcements: 

Toyota Prius - On sale 12/97 (Japan), 7/00 (US) Honda Insight - On Sale 12/99 Nissan Tino - On sale 2000 (Japan) limited Toyota Estima - 2001 (Japan) Honda Civic - 2001 (Japan) Ford Escape - 2003 MY Ford Explorer ISG - 2004 MY GM ParadiGM - 2004 MY Dodge Durango - 2003/4 HEV Product Announcements

HEV Volumes: 

Prius - Total: ~60,000 US: 9,000 (1,000/mo) Insight - Total: ~10,000 US: 4,500 (<500/mo) Tino - Total: 20 HEV Volumes

Issues for HEVs:: 

Cost Reductions Still early on the cost reduction curve Mitigation of Price Premium Current Price Premium is ~$3,500 Unique attributes offset some premium, but Incentives would increase volume Mass and Volume Reductions Mass burden 50-150 kg Volume increase due to battery and electronics Issues for HEVs:

Slide20: 

TOYOTA FCHV

Slide21: 

Fuel Cell System Characteristics 0 high-efficiency operating area Efficiency Percent of peak power fuel cell system efficiency ICE efficiency

Slide22: 

FCHV System Deceleration or Braking fuel cell fuel cell battery battery converter converter motor inverter motor inverter Normal Operation

Current Issues for FCHVs: 

Current Issues for FCHVs FC Stack power, efficiency, size, cost, durability.... Reformer start-up, response, efficiency, size, cost, durability.... H2 Absorbing Alloy Tank H2 storage capacity, weight, cost, durability.... FCHV System efficiency, size, cost, durability, start-up from low temp.... Fuel for FCHV fuel choice, infrastructure.... Regulation, Standardization Manufacturers/suppliers are addressing these areas necessary for those in government and in the FC world to cooperate with each other

Slide24: 

FCHV Fuel Choice in Short to Mid-term Safety Continuous supply Cost performance (CO2 reduction) Co-use of current infrastructure Environmentally sensitive

Slide25: 

Hydrogen cost + FC cost 2000 20X0 Forecast of Automobiles in use Around the World ICE Fuel cost + ICE cost ICE HVs ICE vehicles FCHVs year

Slide26: 

Forecast of Automobiles in use Around the World 1. Era of co-existence of various power sources 2. Development of cleaner and more efficient vehicles, engines, and fuel technologies, in addition to infrastructure are all important 2000 20X0 ICE vehicles ICE HVs FCHVs