logging in or signing up 15 Life Marco1 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 266 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: January 25, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE How did it happen? ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates short chains of carbons (with H and O)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates short chains of carbons (with H and O) monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharidesORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates short chains of carbons (with H and O) monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides examples sugar starch celluloseORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates short chains of carbons (with H and O) lipids long chains of fatty acidsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates short chains of carbons (with H and O) lipids long chains of fatty acids saturated unsaturatedORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates lipids long chains of fatty acids saturated unsaturated examples fats waxes phospholipidsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins chains of amino acidsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins chains of amino acids - N-C-C What do they do? structure enzymes - regulate all cellular activityORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids chains of nucleotides nucleotides phosphate 5 carbon sugar nitrogenous baseORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids chains of nucleotides nucleotides examples : DNA and RNAORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) early experiment with primitive atmosphereORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) early experiment with primitive atmosphere included methane, hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia in reaction vessel and added energyORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) early experiment with primitive atmosphere included methane, hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia in reaction vessel and added energy products synthesized include: alanine glycine glutamic acid aspartic acid other organic compoundsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) Later research has produced 18 of 20 amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, sugars, etc. by similar techniquesORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) Later research has produced 18 of 20 amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, sugars, etc. by similar techniques Until 1985 we thought that Miller and Urey had the single answer to the origin of lifeORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) Later research has produced 18 of 20 amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, sugars, etc. by similar techniques Until 1985 we thought that Miller and Urey had the single answer to the origin of life Halley’s comet: Soviet and European spacecraft - 20% organic moleculesORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth stable molecules surviveORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth other possibilities debris from other extraterrestrial species? from Mars?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth stable molecules survive extraterrestrial - in lab if cool ammonia, methane, water vapor to -440F and irradiate with UV light, get organic molecules (Murchison meteorite contains same amino acids obtained by Miller in same proportions)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth stable molecules survive extraterrestrial - cool molecules and irradiate to get organic molecules find organic molecules in meteorites (55 amino acids) and in interplanetary dustORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth stable molecules survive extraterrestrial - cool molecules and irradiate to get organic molecules find organic molecules in meteorites (55 amino acids) and in interplanetary dust Earth bombarded with extraterrestrial objects for 0.5 billion years --> 1016 tons of organic matterORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Earth bombarded with extraterrestrial objects for 0.5 billion years --> 1016 tons of organic matter could accumulate a layer of organic molecules 3 feet deep covering Earth (1 gm/liter of organic molecules)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth shallow warm pools deep sea thermal ventsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth shallow warm pools deep sea thermal vents chemosynthetic thermophiles - Pace, 1991ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth shallow warm pools deep sea thermal vents chemosynthetic thermophiles - Pace, 1991 How were cells assembled?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE phospholipids will form hollow spheresORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE phospholipids will form hollow spheres amino acids form polypeptides (protein)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE phospholipids will form hollow spheres amino acids form polypeptides (protein) some amino acids are energy processing compounds can actually decompose glucose and other moleculesORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE phospholipids will form hollow spheres amino acids form polypeptides (protein) some amino acids are energy processing compounds can actually decompose glucose and other molecules but even these collections of molecules are not alive!ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Chemical combinations are not alive because have no mechanism for heredityORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Chemical combinations are not alive because have no mechanism for heredity DNA functions only to store informationORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Chemical combinations are not alive because have no mechanism for heredity DNA functions only to store information Proteins require nucleic acid to be formulated in the next generationORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Chemical combinations are not alive because have no mechanism for heredity DNA functions only to store information Proteins require nucleic acid to be formulated in the next generation What type of molecule could function as both an information carrier and a catalyst (protein)?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What type of molecule could function as both an information carrier and a catalyst (protein)?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What type of molecule could function as both an information carrier and a catalyst (protein)? RNA some types of RNA can act like protein (catalyze reactions) and DNA (store information) Tom Cech ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What type of molecule could function as both an information carrier and a catalyst (protein)? RNA some types of RNA can act like protein (catalyze reactions) and DNA (store information) Tom Cech Biological Evolution can occur!ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Earliest cells were not very good cellsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Earliest cells were not very good cells heterotrophs or chemoautotrophs early nucleic acids probably made mistakes low energy yield from organic moleculesORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Earliest cells were not very good cells heterotrophs or chemoautotrophs early nucleic acids probably made mistakes low energy yield from organic molecules Primordial Soup how long would the primordial soup last?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE The First Living Cells ? 3.8 billion years?Greenland (southwest), Pflug and Jaeschke-Boyer, 1979; - unicells, filaments, colonies; apparent sheath, cell wall and cell interior; BUT: chemical evidence is inconclusive due to warming of rock and carbon isotope ratios not reliableORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) Walter, Buick, Dunlop, 1980 Dunlop, Muir and Groves, 1978 Schopf, 1983 unicellular, filamentous, colonies chemical evidence good, 12C enriched evidence of photosynthesis also amino acids, fatty acids, etcORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stromatolites chemical fossils produced by microorganismsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stromatolites chemical fossils produced by microorganisms remove CO2 by photosynthesis results in a precipitation of CaCO3ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stromatolites chemical fossils produced by microorganisms remove CO2 by photosynthesis results in a precipitation of CaCO3 still produced today in Bermuda and AustraliaORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Banded Iron Formation Ferrous irons in solution (Fe++)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Banded Iron Formation Ferrous irons in solution (Fe++) When oxygen produced in photosynthesis bonds with iron, get ferric oxides ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Banded Iron Formation Ferrous irons in solution (Fe++) When oxygen produced in photosynthesis bonds with iron, get ferric oxides When ferric oxides precipitate get Banded Iron FormationORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Banded Iron Formation Ferrous irons in solution (Fe++) When oxygen produced in photosynthesis bonds with iron, get ferric oxides When ferric oxides precipitate get Banded Iron Formation produced from 3.4-1.8 bybp (most from 2.5-2.0 bybp)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) 3.1-3.4 bya South Africa Fig Tree series, similar in appearance to modern bacteria and cyanobacteria photosynthesis presentORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) 3.1-3.4 bya South Africa 3.2 bya Bulawayo S.AfricaORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) 3.1-3.4 bya South Africa 3.2 bya Bulawayo S.Africa 2.7 bya Great Slave Lake (NW territories)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) 3.1-3.4 bya South Africa 3.2 bya Bulawayo S.Africa 2.7 bya Great Slave Lake (NW territories) 2 bya Gunflint Ontario-MinnesotaORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) 3.1-3.4 bya South Africa 3.2 bya Bulawayo S.Africa 2.7 bya Great Slave Lake (NW territories) 2 bya Gunflint Ontario-Minnesota ABOVE ARE ALL PROKARYOTESORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What about eukaryotic cells?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What about eukaryotic cells? earliest eukaryotes to about 2.1 bya (Han and Runnegar, 1992) from Michigan resemble modern green algaeORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What about eukaryotic cells? earliest eukaryotes to about 2.1 bya Endosymbiotic theory eukaryotic cell from fusion of two prokaryotic cellsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What about eukaryotic cells? earliest eukaryotes to about 2.1 bya Endosymbiotic theory eukaryotic cell from fusion of two prokaryotic cells DNA and RNA of chlorplasts and mitochondria in eukaryotes are similar to those of prokaryotic cells produce their own energy, capable of independent divisionTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formedTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formedTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formed 4.0 bya continental crustTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formed 4.0 bya continental crust 3.8-3.5 bya first lifeTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formed 4.0 bya continental crust 3.8-3.5 bya first life 3.4 bya beginning of Banded Iron Fm.TIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formed 4.0 bya continental crust 3.8-3.5 bya first life 3.4 bya beginning of Banded Iron Fm. 2.5-2.1 bya first glaciationTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formed 4.0 bya continental crust 3.8-3.5 bya first life 3.4 bya beginning of Banded Iron Fm. 2.5-2.1 bya first glaciation 2.1 bya first eukaryotesTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya ocean crust 4.0 bya continental crust 3.8-3.5 bya origin of life photosynthesis 3.4 bya Banded Iron Formation (1st) 2.5 bya glaciation 2.1 bya first eukaryotes You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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15 Life Marco1 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 266 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: January 25, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE How did it happen? ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates short chains of carbons (with H and O)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates short chains of carbons (with H and O) monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharidesORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates short chains of carbons (with H and O) monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides examples sugar starch celluloseORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates short chains of carbons (with H and O) lipids long chains of fatty acidsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates short chains of carbons (with H and O) lipids long chains of fatty acids saturated unsaturatedORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates lipids long chains of fatty acids saturated unsaturated examples fats waxes phospholipidsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins chains of amino acidsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins chains of amino acids - N-C-C What do they do? structure enzymes - regulate all cellular activityORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids chains of nucleotides nucleotides phosphate 5 carbon sugar nitrogenous baseORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Four types of organic compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids chains of nucleotides nucleotides examples : DNA and RNAORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) early experiment with primitive atmosphereORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) early experiment with primitive atmosphere included methane, hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia in reaction vessel and added energyORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) early experiment with primitive atmosphere included methane, hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia in reaction vessel and added energy products synthesized include: alanine glycine glutamic acid aspartic acid other organic compoundsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) Later research has produced 18 of 20 amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, sugars, etc. by similar techniquesORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) Later research has produced 18 of 20 amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, sugars, etc. by similar techniques Until 1985 we thought that Miller and Urey had the single answer to the origin of lifeORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) Later research has produced 18 of 20 amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, sugars, etc. by similar techniques Until 1985 we thought that Miller and Urey had the single answer to the origin of life Halley’s comet: Soviet and European spacecraft - 20% organic moleculesORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth stable molecules surviveORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth other possibilities debris from other extraterrestrial species? from Mars?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth stable molecules survive extraterrestrial - in lab if cool ammonia, methane, water vapor to -440F and irradiate with UV light, get organic molecules (Murchison meteorite contains same amino acids obtained by Miller in same proportions)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth stable molecules survive extraterrestrial - cool molecules and irradiate to get organic molecules find organic molecules in meteorites (55 amino acids) and in interplanetary dustORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth stable molecules survive extraterrestrial - cool molecules and irradiate to get organic molecules find organic molecules in meteorites (55 amino acids) and in interplanetary dust Earth bombarded with extraterrestrial objects for 0.5 billion years --> 1016 tons of organic matterORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Earth bombarded with extraterrestrial objects for 0.5 billion years --> 1016 tons of organic matter could accumulate a layer of organic molecules 3 feet deep covering Earth (1 gm/liter of organic molecules)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth shallow warm pools deep sea thermal ventsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth shallow warm pools deep sea thermal vents chemosynthetic thermophiles - Pace, 1991ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE chemical “evolution” on Earth shallow warm pools deep sea thermal vents chemosynthetic thermophiles - Pace, 1991 How were cells assembled?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE phospholipids will form hollow spheresORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE phospholipids will form hollow spheres amino acids form polypeptides (protein)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE phospholipids will form hollow spheres amino acids form polypeptides (protein) some amino acids are energy processing compounds can actually decompose glucose and other moleculesORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE phospholipids will form hollow spheres amino acids form polypeptides (protein) some amino acids are energy processing compounds can actually decompose glucose and other molecules but even these collections of molecules are not alive!ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Chemical combinations are not alive because have no mechanism for heredityORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Chemical combinations are not alive because have no mechanism for heredity DNA functions only to store informationORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Chemical combinations are not alive because have no mechanism for heredity DNA functions only to store information Proteins require nucleic acid to be formulated in the next generationORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Chemical combinations are not alive because have no mechanism for heredity DNA functions only to store information Proteins require nucleic acid to be formulated in the next generation What type of molecule could function as both an information carrier and a catalyst (protein)?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What type of molecule could function as both an information carrier and a catalyst (protein)?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What type of molecule could function as both an information carrier and a catalyst (protein)? RNA some types of RNA can act like protein (catalyze reactions) and DNA (store information) Tom Cech ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What type of molecule could function as both an information carrier and a catalyst (protein)? RNA some types of RNA can act like protein (catalyze reactions) and DNA (store information) Tom Cech Biological Evolution can occur!ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Earliest cells were not very good cellsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Earliest cells were not very good cells heterotrophs or chemoautotrophs early nucleic acids probably made mistakes low energy yield from organic moleculesORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Earliest cells were not very good cells heterotrophs or chemoautotrophs early nucleic acids probably made mistakes low energy yield from organic molecules Primordial Soup how long would the primordial soup last?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE The First Living Cells ? 3.8 billion years?Greenland (southwest), Pflug and Jaeschke-Boyer, 1979; - unicells, filaments, colonies; apparent sheath, cell wall and cell interior; BUT: chemical evidence is inconclusive due to warming of rock and carbon isotope ratios not reliableORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) Walter, Buick, Dunlop, 1980 Dunlop, Muir and Groves, 1978 Schopf, 1983 unicellular, filamentous, colonies chemical evidence good, 12C enriched evidence of photosynthesis also amino acids, fatty acids, etcORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stromatolites chemical fossils produced by microorganismsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stromatolites chemical fossils produced by microorganisms remove CO2 by photosynthesis results in a precipitation of CaCO3ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Stromatolites chemical fossils produced by microorganisms remove CO2 by photosynthesis results in a precipitation of CaCO3 still produced today in Bermuda and AustraliaORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Banded Iron Formation Ferrous irons in solution (Fe++)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Banded Iron Formation Ferrous irons in solution (Fe++) When oxygen produced in photosynthesis bonds with iron, get ferric oxides ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Banded Iron Formation Ferrous irons in solution (Fe++) When oxygen produced in photosynthesis bonds with iron, get ferric oxides When ferric oxides precipitate get Banded Iron FormationORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE Banded Iron Formation Ferrous irons in solution (Fe++) When oxygen produced in photosynthesis bonds with iron, get ferric oxides When ferric oxides precipitate get Banded Iron Formation produced from 3.4-1.8 bybp (most from 2.5-2.0 bybp)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) 3.1-3.4 bya South Africa Fig Tree series, similar in appearance to modern bacteria and cyanobacteria photosynthesis presentORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) 3.1-3.4 bya South Africa 3.2 bya Bulawayo S.AfricaORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) 3.1-3.4 bya South Africa 3.2 bya Bulawayo S.Africa 2.7 bya Great Slave Lake (NW territories)ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) 3.1-3.4 bya South Africa 3.2 bya Bulawayo S.Africa 2.7 bya Great Slave Lake (NW territories) 2 bya Gunflint Ontario-MinnesotaORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE 3.8 bya Greenland? 3.5 bya Australia (western) 3.1-3.4 bya South Africa 3.2 bya Bulawayo S.Africa 2.7 bya Great Slave Lake (NW territories) 2 bya Gunflint Ontario-Minnesota ABOVE ARE ALL PROKARYOTESORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What about eukaryotic cells?ORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What about eukaryotic cells? earliest eukaryotes to about 2.1 bya (Han and Runnegar, 1992) from Michigan resemble modern green algaeORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What about eukaryotic cells? earliest eukaryotes to about 2.1 bya Endosymbiotic theory eukaryotic cell from fusion of two prokaryotic cellsORIGIN OF LIFE: ORIGIN OF LIFE What about eukaryotic cells? earliest eukaryotes to about 2.1 bya Endosymbiotic theory eukaryotic cell from fusion of two prokaryotic cells DNA and RNA of chlorplasts and mitochondria in eukaryotes are similar to those of prokaryotic cells produce their own energy, capable of independent divisionTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formedTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formedTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formed 4.0 bya continental crustTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formed 4.0 bya continental crust 3.8-3.5 bya first lifeTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formed 4.0 bya continental crust 3.8-3.5 bya first life 3.4 bya beginning of Banded Iron Fm.TIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formed 4.0 bya continental crust 3.8-3.5 bya first life 3.4 bya beginning of Banded Iron Fm. 2.5-2.1 bya first glaciationTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya oceanic crust formed 4.0 bya continental crust 3.8-3.5 bya first life 3.4 bya beginning of Banded Iron Fm. 2.5-2.1 bya first glaciation 2.1 bya first eukaryotesTIME LINE: TIME LINE 4.6 bya Earth formed 4.5 bya ocean crust 4.0 bya continental crust 3.8-3.5 bya origin of life photosynthesis 3.4 bya Banded Iron Formation (1st) 2.5 bya glaciation 2.1 bya first eukaryotes