Slide1 : © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide2 : © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide3 : © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide4 : © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide5 : © J. Paul Getty Trust
Coverage of data standards : Controlled vocabulary is more effective when used in the context of standards Coverage of data standards Data structure: what constitutes a record?
defines fields and their relationships (e.g. MARC [Machine-readable Cataloging] format)
Data content: how should data be entered?
includes cataloguing rules and syntax for data (e.g. AACR2 [Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition])
Data value: what is the actual data?
specifies the vocabulary and character sets used in the fields (e.g. Library of Congress Subject Headings, AAT, ICONCLASS)
Types of data standards : Technical standards
ISO 8879 (SGML)
Conventions/Professional Standards/Rules
Museum Documentation Association Data Standard
Guidelines
CDWA (Categories for the Description of Works of Art)
ICOM-CIDOC (International Committee for Documentation of the International Council of Museums) International Guidelines for Museum Object Information Types of data standards Controlled vocabulary is more effective when used in the context of standards
Slide8 : Sponsored by the Getty and CAA
Art Information Task Force (AITF) included art historians, museum professionals, visual resource professionals, and librarians
Consensus on categories of information required to enable research
Categories and subcategories of information to describe works of art and material culture http://www.getty.edu/gri/standard © J. Paul Getty Trust Guidelines vs. rules, allow community buy-in
Flexible, but broad coverage within scope
27 Broad Categories, 150 Subcategories : 27 Broad Categories, 150 Subcategories Object/Work
Classification
Orientation/Arrangement
Titles or Names
State
Edition
Measurements
Materials and Techniques
Facture
Physical Description
Inscriptions/Marks
Condition/Examination History
Conservation/Treatment History Creation
Ownership/Collecting History
Copyright/Restrictions
Styles/Periods/Movements
Subject Matter
Context
Exhibition/Loan History
Related Works
Related Visual Documentation
Related Textual References
Critical Responses
Cataloging History
Current Location
Descriptive Note Exhaustive for given scope
Only six are core © J. Paul Getty Trust Accessibility across databases ensured by common “core”
Slide10 : Discussion of issues & potential problems
e.g., multiple artists working on a single object, multiple attributions, false signatures
Suggested Source of information
Subcategories: examples
Issues regarding access
Terminology Creation Category © J. Paul Getty Trust Guidelines cover important concerns, including vocabulary
Slide11 : Product of Protecting Cultural Objects project
Describes the minimum information needed to protect art objects
Audience includes museums, law enforcement agencies, appraisers, customs agents, and insurers
Based on CDWA Related guidelines in same discipline differ to accomodate different needs
But map to larger set of guidelines (CDWA)
Slide12 : Architectural Drawings Advisory Group (ADAG) & Foundation for Documents of Architecture (FDA)
Consensus among architectural historians, museum professionals, information specialists, archivists, & librarians
110 categories and subcategories to describe architectural drawings and architecture Vicki Porter & Robin Thornes © J. Paul Getty Trust Related guidelines for narrower subject
Map to related set of guidelines (CDWA)
Getty Vocabularies : Getty Vocabularies Structure & content are based upon standards (e.g., International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Categories for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA))
Are compiled resources (not comprehensive)
Growth through collaboration, inside Getty & outside © J. Paul Getty Trust http://www.getty.edu/gri/vocabularies Determine how to create appropriate vocabularies
Types of terms in vocabularies : personal names: Painter of the Wedding Procession (attributed to); Nikodemos (signed, as potter)
geographic names: Athens
object names: storage vessels, Panathenaic amphorae
corporate names: J. Paul Getty Museum
iconographic subjects and themes: Nike Crowning the Victor, with Judge on right and defeated opponent on left
genre terms: Antiquities, ceremonies
multilingual terms: Athínaí (Greek) = Athens (English) = Athenae (Latin) © J. Paul Getty Trust Types of terms in vocabularies © J. Paul Getty Trust Vocabulary should fit the subject being indexed
Slide15 : Contains around 26,000 concepts, 125,000 terms
Records contain terms, notes, relationships, bibliography Art &
Architecture
Thesaurus © J. Paul Getty Trust Scope ranges from antiquity to present
Global, but preponderance of Western concepts
Terms describe Art, Architecture, Decorative Arts, Material Culture, & Archival Materials Define the scope and range of the vocabulary
Elements of an AAT record : Elements of an AAT record concept
object, material, activity, style, attribute... © J. Paul Getty Trust Note: The Focus of each vocabulary record is a concept - not a “term”
Slide17 : Getty
Thesaurus
of Geographic
Names Records for 900,000 places, 1,000,000 names
Names, coordinates, relationships, dates & bibliography © J. Paul Getty Trust Includes all continents and nations of modern political world, historical places
Includes physical features
Includes inhabited places, other administrative and political entities
Emphasis on places important to art & architectural history Scope and range
Elements of a TGN record : Elements of a TGN record place . © J. Paul Getty Trust Focus is concept
Slide19 : ULAN contains records for 110,000 artists, 220,000 names
Records contain names, biographical information, relationships, & bibliography Union
List of Artist
Names © J. Paul Getty Trust Scope is from Antiquity to the present
Coverage is global, preponderance Western artists
Identified individuals or groups of individuals working together (corporate bodies)
Involved in the conception or production of visual arts & architecture Scope and Range
Slide20 : Elements of a ULAN record artist © J. Paul Getty Trust Focus is concept
Slide21 : © J. Paul Getty Trust
Why vocabularies? : Goal is to allow access to visual arts & material culture information
People don’t always know what a person, place, or thing is called
Different people use different terms for same person, place ,or thing
Vocabularies gather related terms together to improve access to information for research and education cup stein container vessel Why vocabularies? earthenware ceramics pottery © J. Paul Getty Trust mug
Why vocabularies? : As sources of standard terminology for use in description, cataloguing, and documentation
As “assistants” in on-line search engines, creating a semantic “road map” that shows links and paths between concepts
Knowledge bases apodyteria
apodyterium
gymnasteria
gymnasterium
SN: Dressing rooms in ancient Greek and Roman baths and palaestrae. Why vocabularies?
What is a structured vocabulary? : What is a structured vocabulary? A collection of words and phrases (=terminology) structured to show relationships between terms and concepts
A tool for consistency in the language used in the recording and retrieval of information
Structured vocabularies : Relationships include links between synonyms Harlem Renaissance
Negro Renaissance
New Negro Movement
Renaissance, Harlem
Renaissance, Negro © J. Paul Getty Trust Structured vocabularies
dioramas
diptychs
medals
medallions (medals)
polyptychs
triptychs Relationships include links that organize terms and provide context
Relationships in vocabularies : Relationships in vocabularies Equivalence
synonyms, spelling variations, language variations
Hierarchical
broader to narrower
whole/part
genus/species
Associative
related concepts
Equivalence Relationships in AAT : Equivalence Relationships in AAT soft paste porcelain
soft-paste porcelain
artificial porcelain
frit porcelain
porcelaine de France
pâte tendre multiple terms refer to the same concept
enables more powerful retrieval
one flagged as “preferred”
Equivalence Relationships in TGN : Equivalence Relationships in TGN All names in a place record have equivalence relationships
Equivalence Relationships in ULAN : Equivalence Relationships in ULAN all names refer to same person, Italian painter, born in Dalmatia, ca. 1510-1563
Hierarchical Relationship in AAT - Genus/Species : funerary sculpture relationships depicted with indention
brasses, effigies, gisants, haniwa, & ushabti are types of funerary sculpture Hierarchical Relationship in AAT - Genus/Species ....brasses (memorials)
....effigies
.......gisants
....haniwa
....mintadi
.......bitumba
....mma
....niombo
....tomb slabs
....ushabti
Hierarchical Relationship in TGN - Whole/Part : map of Andalucia: http://www.andalucia.com/
Almería (province)
Cádiz (province)
Córdoba (province)
Granada (province)
Huelva (province)
Málaga (province)
Sevilla (province)
Hierarchical Relationship in TGN - Whole/Part provinces are part of the region, which is part of the nation Andalucía (region) España (nation)
Hierarchical Relationship in ULAN - Whole/Part : Hierarchical Relationship in ULAN - Whole/Part Gobelins, Manufacture Royale des
Painting Studio
Sculpture Studio
Tapestry Manufactory
Dye Works
Furniture Manufactory
Marquetry Studio
Pietra Dura Studio
Metalwork Studio
Engraving Studio Departments or divisions are part of larger administrative structures in manufactories, architectural firms, studios, etc. © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide33 : Vocabularies are polyhierarchical . .
Associative Relationship in AAT : Associative Relationship in AAT Descriptor: charterhouses
Hierarchy: Built Complexes and Districts
Scope note: Carthusian monasteries.
Alternate Forms of Speech {ALT}:
charterhouse
Synonyms and spelling variants {UF}:
certose
charter houses
chartreuses
Related concepts:
Carthusian
© J. Paul Getty Trust There may be associative relationships between concepts
Associative Relationship in TGN : © J. Paul Getty Trust for deserted settlement in Israel
DESCRIPTIVE NOTE:
Located over Huleh Valley, near modern town Hazor; for centuries was one of most important cities of Canaan, in control of rich agricultural area & vital trade & military route; according to Bible, site of victory of Joshua & other battles of Israelites. Tel Hazor Hazor There may be associative relationships between places
deserted settlement may be related to modern town
date for relationship Associative Relationship in TGN
Associative Relationships in ULAN : Associative Relationships in ULAN © J. Paul Getty Trust student/teacher relationships
familial relationships if parent is also an artist
dates of relationship RELATED PERSON:
son of
Albrecht Dürer the elder
RELATED PERSON:
student of
Michael Wolgemut, from 1486 through 1490
Slide37 : © J. Paul Getty Trust
AAT record : © J. Paul Getty Trust Art &
Architecture
Thesaurus [198841]
rhyta Terms:
Descriptor:
rhyta
Alternate Forms of Speech {ALT}:
rhyton
Synonyms and spelling variants {UF}:
protomai
protome
rhea
rheon
rheons
Related concepts {RT}
stirrup cups
sturzbechers
drinking vessels
Multiple terms for same concept, one “descriptor”
Related concepts AAT record
Slide39 : © J. Paul Getty Trust [198841]
rhyta Scope note:
Vessels from Ancient Greece, the Middle East, or eastern Europe, often in the shape of a horn or an animal's head, typically used as a drinking vessel or for pouring wine into another vessel. Note describes meaning, use of term Sources:
Dict. of Art; Gisela & Milne, Athenian Vases; Vermeule, Greece in Bronze Age; Chenhall, Nomenclature. Sources are standard reference books, articles or other sources Art &
Architecture
Thesaurus
Slide40 : © J. Paul Getty Trust [198841]
rhyta Hierarchical Position:
...containers
......
.........
............
...............
....................rhyta Hierarchical position indicated by indention Art &
Architecture
Thesaurus
TGN record : Getty
Thesaurus
of Geographic
Names [7001188]
Alexandria (inhabited place) © J. Paul Getty Trust TGN record Names:
Al-Iskandaryah (C,V-pref) ... Arabic ......name used since 640 AD
El Iskandariya (C,V)
Alexandria (C,O-Engpref) ... used since 4th .....cen. BC, named after Alexander the Great
Alejandría (C,O)
Alexandrie (C,O)
Alessandria d’Egitto (C,V)
Alexandria ad Aegyptum (H,V) ... Roman
Alexandria Aegypti (H,V) names include preferred vernacular, English, historical, others
dates
Slide42 : Getty
Thesaurus
of Geographic
Names Coordinates indicate a point in the center of the place
Notes describe the place, history, controversies [7001188]
Alexandria (inhabited place) © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide43 : Getty
Thesaurus
of Geographic
Names [7001188]
Alexandria (inhabited place) © J. Paul Getty Trust Place Types:
inhabited place (C) ... was probably ...settled in 13th cen. BCE; city was ...founded on site of existing village ...in 331 BC
city (C)
regional capital (C)
port (C) ...main port of Egypt
cultural center (C) ...was site of ...renowned ancient library
capital (H) ...of Alexander’s Egyptian ...domain
fishing community (H) ...was site of ...fishing village until city of ...Alexandria was built terms describe important roles of the place
may have dates
Slide44 : Hierarchical Position:
Africa...............................(continent)
Msr............................(nation)
Urban.......................(region)
Al-Iskandaryah..(governorate)
Al-Iskandaryah..(inhabited place)
Al-Hadrah.........(neighborhood)
Antirrhodos.......(former island)
Pharos..............(island) Getty
Thesaurus
of Geographic
Names © J. Paul Getty Trust [7001188]
Alexandria (inhabited place) part/whole relationships indicated with indention
Slide45 : Getty
Thesaurus
of Geographic
Names © J. Paul Getty Trust [7001188]
Alexandria (inhabited place) Sources and contributors::
Al-Iskandariyah...... Encyclopædia Britannica (1985), .......I, 250 [VP]
...Times Atlas of World History (1994), 336 [VP]
...Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984), 30 [VP]
Alexandrea ....ARLIS/NA: Ancient Site Names (1995)
Alejandría....... Rand McNally Atlas (1989), I-4 [VP]
Alessandria d'Egitto..... Cassell's Italian Dictionary ......(1983), 21 [VP]
Alexandria.....Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer (1961) ......[GCPS]
...Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984) [BHA]
...Princeton Encyclopedia (1979) [GRIPSC]
...Alexandria, Archaeology (1999) [VP]
...Pharos Sculpture, Archaeology (1996) [VP]
Alexandrie....... Rand McNally Atlas (1989) [BHA]
Rhakotis ...... Britannica Online (1998) [VP] sources are standard, general reference works
scholarly works, bulletins from USBGN, etc.
Slide46 : Union
List of Artist
Names © J. Paul Getty Trust [80976]
Bulgarini, Bartolommeo
(Sienese painter, active by 1337, died Sept. 4, 1378) Names:
Bulgarini, Bartolomeo [BA,GC,PR,VP]
Bartolomeo Bolgarini [GC]
Bartolomeo Bolghini [GC]
Bartolomeo Bulgarini [PR]
Bartolommeo Bulgarini da Siena [PR]
Lorenzetti, Ugolino [GC,PR]
Maestro d'Ovile [VP]
Master of the Ovile Madonna [BA,GC,PR,VP]
Ovile Master [GC,VP]
Ugolino Lorenzetti [PR,VP] ULAN record Names include spelling variations, former names
Slide47 : Union
List of Artist
Names © J. Paul Getty Trust [80976]
Bulgarini, Bartolommeo
(Sienese painter, active by 1337, died Sept. 4, 1378) Male or female
Important relationships, student/teacher, firm/member
Slide48 : Union
List of Artist
Names © J. Paul Getty Trust [80976]
Bulgarini, Bartolommeo
(Sienese painter, active by 1337, died Sept. 4, 1378) Note describing career, controversies DESCRIPTIVE NOTE:
Phases of Bartolommeo’s career were formerly attributed to anonymous masters known as Ugolino Lorenzetti and the Master of the Ovile Madonna. Bartolommeo’s early works are heavily influenced by Pietro Lorenzetti and Ugolino di Nerio. During the 1350s, he followed the fashion in Siena by returning to the two dimensionality, fluid lines, and decorative details of Simone Martini. He worked primarily in Tuscany, painting extensively for various Sienese churches, including five panels for Santa Maria della Scala, where he and his wife were lay members of its charitable society. He held minor public offices in Siena.
Slide49 : Union
List of Artist
Names © J. Paul Getty Trust [80976]
Bulgarini, Bartolommeo
(Sienese painter, active by 1337, died Sept. 4, 1378) Contributed Biographies:
(Sienese painter, born before 1337,
died Sept. 4, 1378) [VP]
(Italian artist, op.1345-1373) [WC]
(Italian painter, act. mid-late 14th cent.) [PR]
(Italian painter, act.1337-1378) [BA]
(Italian painter, d.1378) [GC] BIBLIOGRAPHY:
*Bolaffi; *Dict. of Art, 1996; *Fredricksen & Zeri, Census; *Thieme-Becker; E. Beatson, N. Muller and J. Steinhoff: ‘The St Victor Altarpiece in Siena Cathedral: A Reconstruction’, A. Bull., lxviii(1986), pp. 610–31 Sources are standard, general reference books, articles, monographs
Biographies
Applications of Vocabularies : Applications of Vocabularies Used as cataloguing aids
Also used as search assistants and knowledge bases © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide51 : © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide52 : For example, three levels of subject description common in art history (CDWA)
Important for access © J. Paul Getty Trust © J. Paul Getty Trust Establish criteria for indexing
Slide53 : Display vs. Indexing
Information must be indexed for access © J. Paul Getty Trust Should use structured or controlled vocabulary
Slide54 : Index name of iconographical subject for access
Adoration of the Magi
Iconclass:
A] [D] [K] [S] [R]
adoration of the kings: the Wise Men present their gifts to the Christ-child (gold, frankincense and myrrh) © J. Paul Getty Trust Index generic description for access
specifically Virgin Mary and Jesus
more broadly mother and child Combine subject with other fields
Adoration of the Magi
artist nationality = Italian (i.e., from Artist authority)
date of work = 15th-18th centuries
Slide55 : Object Type: sculpture
Title: Queen Nefertiti
Measurements: height: 50 cm
Material: limestone
Technique: sculpting
Creator: Tuthmosis (Egyptian master sculptor, 14th cen. BCE)
Role: sculptor
Nationality/Culture: Egyptian
Date: ca. 1340 BCE
Repository Name: Egyptian Museum
Repository Place: Berlin, Germany
Repository Number: 21-300
Original Site: Amarna, Egypt
Style/Period: New Kingdom, Eighteenth Dynasty
Subject: woman, Egyptian, portraiture, court of Akhenaten, Queen Nefertiti, Queen Nofretete
Vocabulary applied to art object or architecture Getty vocabularies provide terms for the fields indicated © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide56 : Masaccio: The Frescoes 157
In Masaccio’s Expulsion (Plate 90), on the chapel’s left-hand entrance pilaster, Adam and Eve are being driven from the gate of Paradise by a red angel hovering above their heads. One glance reveals both the fresco’s kinship with Masaccio’s earlier work and the increased artistic power of the Brancacci paintings. The Expulsion shows Masaccio to be a master of fresco technique, although we do not know what experience he had with it before the Brancacci paintings. It may well be that he had already executed works in that medium. However, Masaccio was a born painter, with a rare natural feeling for materials, an instinct shared by artists such as Donatello, Rembrandt, and Picasso. From the San Giovenale triptych, his earliest know work, he demonstrates an ease and a confidence in the handling of paint that belie his youth.
One of Masaccio’s great contributions to the art of fresco painting was his shaping of form exclusively through the use of light and dark. Unlike his Florentine predecessors (with the exception of the late Giotto in the Peruzzi Chapel), he does not use line to delineate figures; this is why the repainied reinforcement of the silhouette with line is so disfiguring to his frescoes. The light, which always comes from the direction of the window in the Brancacci Chapel, defines the massive shapes of Adam and Eve and gives their bodies palpable form. So solid are the sharply highlighted protruding planes, and so deep are the shaded hollows, that the figures remind one of free-standing sculpture. The sure, rapid brush has quickly and brilliantly formed the concavities and convexities of the bodies’ surfaces in a manner akin to the cuts made by the sculptor’s chisel.
Author: Cole, Bruce
Title: Masaccio and the Art of Early Renaissance Florence
Date of Publication: 1980
Object Type: fresco
Title: Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise
Creator: Masaccio (Florentine, 1401-ca. 1428)
Date: ca. 1425
Repository Name: Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine. Florence, Italy
Subject: Adam and Eve, Expulsion from Paradise, Garden of Eden, Original Sin
Other Indexing Terms: giornate, fresco, Renaissance, chiaroscuro, modeling Vocabulary applied to texts © J. Paul Getty Trust Abstracting and indexing
Index what text is about - not just what is on the page
Slide57 : 1998 by J. Paul Getty Trust V1.Vis. Doc. Type: color slide
V2.VD Format: 35 mm
V3.VD Measurements: 2 x 2 inches
V4.VD Date: 1982
V5.VD Owner: Collins College, Norton, OK, USA
V5.VD Owner No.: 52436-a
V7.VD View Descript.: Overview from the entrance
V8.VD Subject : Cappella degli Scrovegni (Arena Chapel): Life of the Virgin and Christ
V9. VD Source: Scala, Set OM 010:Giotto, Scrovegni Chapel Vocabulary applied to “surrogates” Also used for visual documents © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide58 : On a Web page for the
Tate Collections
(http://www.tate.org.uk/),
this drawing is depicted:
J.S. Laing active 1847
Figure of Christ from the Tympanum at Vezelay
Pen and ink on paper (D[pi])
support 175 x 145 mm
support, secondary 258 x 228 mm
Purchased as part of the Oppé Collection with
assistance from the National Lottery through the
Heritage Lottery Fund 1996
T09080
type: on paper, unique
work identifier: T09080 Vocabulary applied to Web pages © J. Paul Getty Trust Indexing the Web page depends upon target audience
Subject of the page (drawing)
Subject in the drawing (sculpture) Figure of Christ from the Tympanum at Vezelay
Note: this is an example of how this page COULD be indexed, not how it actually is indexed by the Tate.
Slide59 : The
Museum
System Vocabularies are incorporated into catalogers’ editorial system for information, contact http://gallerysystems.com Catalogers consult Web browsers & cut & paste or transcribe terms
Vocabulary is incorporated into cataloging application
advantage is that vocabulary structure may be used for retrieval © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide60 : Title : The Story of Adam and Eve
Giovanni Boccaccio, Des cas des nobles hommes et femmes
Artist: Master of the Swans
Object Type: manuscript leaf
Medium: tempera colors, gold leaf, and gold paint on parchment
Date of Execution: ca. 1415
Dimensions: leaf: 42 x 29.6 cm
Location: J. Paul Getty Museum, 96.MR.17.FOL. 3 Vocabularies may control terminology © J. Paul Getty Trust Controlled vocabulary
Slide61 : Boucicaut Master [BHA,GRIPSC, JPGM]
(French artist, active ca. 1405-ca. 1420)
Master of the Book of Hours of the Maréchal de Boucicaut [BHA]
Master of the Hours of Maréchal de Boucicaut [GRIPSC]
Master of the Marshall of Boucicaut [WittC]
Master of the Swans [BHA]
Bibliography: Art Bull. idx.; *Bénézit; *Encyc. world art; Getty Photo Study Coll.; Harthan.BOOK OF HOURS,p.72; *Thieme-Becker Union
List of Artist
Names Master of the Swans © J. Paul Getty Trust May choose ULAN “preferred” form of the name = “controlled”
May choose an alternate name, use structure in retrieval
Slide62 : Title : Bamana Headdresses
Artist: Bamana peoples, Bamako region, Mali
Object Type: headdresses
Medium: wood, iron, fiber
Date of Execution: 20th cen.
Dimensions: heights: 55.2 cm and 59.1 cm
Location: National Museum of African Art, gift of Dr. Ernst Anspach and museum purchase Vocabularies inform usage Vocabularies may inform usage of terminology © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide63 : Art &
Architecture
Thesaurus Object type: headdresses Costume Hierarchy
...
.......headgear
........headdresses
...............chi wara
...............commodes (headdresses)
...............cornets (headdresses)
...............crowns (headdresses)
...................coronets (crowns)
...............English hoods
...............hennins
...............poloi
...............pschents
...............tiaras Scope Note: Bamana carved wooden headdresses representing antelopes or aardvarks, and worn by males who perform a masquerade in pairs, with one dancer representing a male animal and the other a female. J. Paul Getty Trust AAT may suggest a more specific term, “chi wara” instead of “headdresses”
Slide64 : W1.Work Type: sculpture, votive figures
W2.Title : Ploughman of Arretium
W3.Measurements: 7 1/4 in. length
W4.Material: bronze
W6.Creator: unknown Etruscan
Nationality: Etruscan
Dates:active 6th cen. BCE
W8.Date: 6th cen. BCE
W13.Original Site:
W14.Style: Etruscan
W15.Natlty/Culture: Etruscan J. Paul Getty Trust Vocabularies solve riddles TGN provides modern name for ancient site
Slide65 : [7006072]
Arezzo (inhabited place)
Lat: 43 25 N Long: 011 53 E
Note - Was one of 12 ancient cities of Etruria; allied with Rome from 3rd cen. BC; was thriving medieval center; taken by Florence in 1384, later was part of grand duchy of Tuscany; ruled by French after Napoleonic Wars, then by Hapsburgs; damaged during WW II.
Hierarchical Position:
Europe..........................(continent)
Italia..........................(nation)
Toscana.........................(region)
Arezzo..........................(province)
Names:
Arezzo (C,V)
Arretium (H,V).......................... ancient name
Place Types:
inhabited place (C)..................... inhabited since Etruscan period
city (C)
provincial capital (C)
agricultural center (C)
manufacturing center (C)................ produces clothing, footwear, Getty
Thesaurus
of Geographic
Names Search: Arretium Search on ancient name retrieves record including modern name and modern hierarchical position J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide66 : Vocabularies may help supplement incomplete information J. Paul Getty Trust Vocabularies solve riddles
Slide67 : Union
List of Artist
Names Number of Matching Records: 6
1. Cuyp, A.B.
(Netherlands artist, op.1594/7(?))
2. Cuyp, Aelbert
(Dutch painter, 1620-1691)
A. Cuyp
Albert Cuyp
Albert Kuyp
Cuijp, Aelbert
3. Cuyp, Benjamin Gerritsz.
(Dutch painter, 1612-1652)
Cuyp, Benjamin
Cuijp, Benjamin Gerritsz.
4. Cuyp, Gerrit Gerritsz.
(Dutch painter, glass painter, ca.1565-1644) Search: Cuyp* J. Paul Getty Trust Painter is identified
Slide68 : Browse hierarchies to find appropriate terms J. Paul Getty Trust Vocabularies solve riddles image from http://www.si.edu/asia
Slide69 : Asia............................(continent)
Zhonghua........................(nation)
Henan...........................(province)
Getty
Thesaurus
of Geographic
Names Lonmien? cave complex © J. Paul Getty Trust
Angao.........................(inhabited place) Anping........................(inhabited place) Anyang........................(inhabited place) Baiqiu..........................(inhabited place) Baiqueyuan.................(inhabited place)
[...]
Liuta...........................(inhabited place) Liuyuan......................(inhabited place) Liuyuankou.................inhabited place) Longkou.....................(inhabited place) Longmen....................(caves) Bingang ..............(cave)
Feng Xian Si .......(cave) Longqu..........................(inhabited place) Luanchuan.......................(inhabited place) Browse through likely names in Henan province
Slide70 : Title : Portrait of a Young Man
Artist:
Name: Bronzino
Nationality: Florentine
Dates: 1503-1572
Place: Florence (Tuscany, Italy)
Culture: Florentine
Style: Mannerist
Object Type: painting, portrait
Medium: oil on wood
Date of Execution: ca. 1540
Dimensions: 95.6 x 74.9 cm
Subject Matter: portrait, Medici court, literature Limiting catalogers’ choices can ensure consistency May use sections of vocabulary appropriate to field © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide71 : Art &
Architecture
Thesaurus Styles and Periods
European
Early Christian
Byzantine ...
Medieval
Renaissance ...
Reformation
Counter-Reformation
Baroque ...
Rococo
Mannerist
Proto-Baroque E.g. may wish to limit “style” field to Styles & Periods hierarchy in AAT
May need to provide facility for accessing rest of AAT if necessary J. Paul Getty Trust Mannerist
Slide72 : Title : Broad-rimmed bowl
Artist: workshop of
Giorgio Andreoli of Gubbio (Umbrian ceramist, pottery painter, born 1465/70-died after 1553)
Original Location: Orvieto (Umbria, Italia)
Physical Descriptors: palmette, cornucopia, coat-of-arms
Style: Renaissance
Object Type: bowl
Medium: tin-glazed earthenware (maiolica)
Date of Execution: ca. 1525-1528
Dimensions: .236 m Consider if structure of hierarchy or other information is to be used in retrieval
If not, may need to include broader context in record Indexing with broader context © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide73 : Europe..........................(continent)
Italia..........................(nation)
Umbria..........................(region)
Terni.........................(province)
Aquasparta..................(inhabited place)
Allerona......................(inhabited place)
Alviano.......................(inhabited place)
Alviano, Lago di.........(reservoir)
Amelia........................(inhabited place)
Arrone.........................(inhabited place)
Attigliano....................(inhabited place)
[...]
Nera Montoro.............(inhabited place)
Orvieto........................(inhabited place)
Otricoli........................(inhabited place)
Getty
Thesaurus
of Geographic
Names E.g., if “parents” not linked for retrieval, may need to record them in object record Orvieto, Umbria, Italia 1998 by J. Paul Getty Trust © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide74 : Built Work Name: La Madeleine
Location: Vézelay (Burgundy, France)
Built Work Type: basilica, church
Style: Romanesque, Gothic
Date of Execution: original church was rebuilt after fire of 1120, choir was rebuilt after 1200 Vocabulary may separate unique concepts to make it more powerful and more versatile
“bronze sculpture,” “Romanesque basilica” are compound concepts Indexing with compound concepts © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide75 : Romanesque basilica Styles and Periods
Medieval
Romanesque
Refers to the style and period most evident during the 11th and 12th centuries in western Europe. The style ... in general is characterized by the interpretation of ancient Roman style, including great size, round arches, ... Art &
Architecture
Thesaurus Concepts are separate in the AAT
“Romanesque” is the style and period
“basilica” is the form of the building Single Built Works
basilica
Refers to religious or secular buildings characterized by an oblong plan divided into a nave with two or more side aisles, the former higher and wider than the latter and lit by clerestory windows, usually terminated by an apse. © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide76 : compound pier Art &
Architecture
Thesaurus Components
piers (supporting elements)
compound pier
UF:
clustered columns
compound pillars
Refers to piers composed of several engaged columns or pilasters grouped around a central core. © J. Paul Getty Trust image is from http://vrlab.fa.pitt.edu/medart/menufrance/vezelay/vezintro.html But one concept may comprise multiple words
Slide77 : Title : Unicorn in Captivity
Artist:
Name: Pieter van Aelst the elder
Nationality: Netherlandish
Dates: ca. 1450 - ca. 1531
Place: Brussels (Flanders, modern Belgium)
Culture: Flemish
Object Type: tapestry
Medium: wool and silk, with metallic gold and silver thread
Date of Execution: 1495-1505
Dimensions: 368 x 252 cm
Inscriptions: monograms: FR; AE
Subject Matter: Unicorn in Captivity, Passion of Christ, pomegranate tree, virginity, marriage, fertility 1998 by J. Paul Getty Trust Choosing appropriate terms may require analyzing homographs
Slide78 : wool and silk, with metallic
gold and silver thread
wool (hair)
Art &
Architecture
Thesaurus wool (hair)
wool (textile) silk (fiber)
silk (textile) gold
gold (color) silver
silver (color) May want to consider hierarchical position
Is it an issue for retrieval? alpaca
angora wool
cashmere
mohair
giviut
virgin wool
Using the AAT : Using the AAT Which fields may be controlled by the AAT? 1998 by J. Paul Getty Trust Art &
Architecture
Thesaurus
Physical Description
Condition
for Surrogate
Visual Document Type
Visual Document Format
Visual Document Subject Object Type
Material and Medium
Technique
Role
Style/Period
Nationality/Culture
Subject
Relationship Type Define which vocabulary applies to which fields
Using the TGN : Using the TGN Which fields may be controlled by the TGN?
Current Location
Original Site
Nationality/Culture
Subject
1998 by J. Paul Getty Trust Getty
Thesaurus
of Geographic
Names
Using the ULAN : Using the ULAN Which fields may be controlled by the ULAN?
Artist/Maker
associated information
1998 by J. Paul Getty Trust Union
List of Artist
Names
Slide82 : How to index with terms not in Getty vocabs?
Generic & specific subjects
animals, plants
scientific terms
etc.
Persons not artists
subjects, sitters
patrons © J. Paul Getty Trust Scope of one vocabulary may not cover all needs
Slide83 : Iconography
religion
mythology
literature
General concepts
Museum names
Building names
Events
Dates Terms not found in the Getty vocabs., cont. © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide84 : VOCABULARY
Choose AAT term
Choose TGN term
Choose ULAN term
Add local term
Add Getty candidate term
____________________________
ULAN candidate form:
Name:
Nationality:
Dates:
Roles: Randall, A. F. VOCABULARY
Choose AAT term
Choose TGN term
Choose ULAN term
Add local term
____________________________
Local term:
Term:
Indian Wars Method for recording candidates & local vocabulary © J. Paul Getty Trust Candidate terms & local vocabulary
Slide85 : © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide86 : Giambologna?
Giovanni da Bologna?
Jean de Boulogne? Retrieval on networked systems Users call concept by various names
Items have been cataloged using various names for the same artist © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide87 : User does subject keyword search in IRIS on “Giambologna” and retrieves 18 items
User does general keyword search in IRIS on “Giambologna” and retrieves 25 items
User searches IRIS on “Giovanni da Bologna” and retrieves 84 items
User does keyword search in IRIS on “Jean Boulogne” and retrieves 10 items, 9 of which are false hits
User searches Photo Study Collection database on “Giovanni da Bologna” and retrieves 0 items
User searches Photo Study Collection database on “Jean Boulogne” and retrieves 0 items
User uses ULAN to search both IRIS and PSC and retrieves a total of 125 items Case study, library & photo study collection © J. Paul Getty Trust Retrieval with synonyms
Slide88 : Query for children of Siena province (Toscana, Italia, Europe)
Argiano OR
Asciano OR
Buonconvento OR
Chiusi OR
Montalcino OR
San Gimignano OR
Siena OR ...
Links between siblings may allow better retrieval © J. Paul Getty Trust Retrieval with “siblings”
Slide89 : Retrieval using “a.k.a.” "ushabti" OR "shabti" OR "shawabti" OR "ushabtis" OR "ushabtiu" From AAT
ushabti
shabti
shawabti
ushabtis
ushabtiu Implementation in search engine
E.g., User chose databases to query
User could use Getty vocabulary to broaden or refine search User has concept in mind
Search Scope Note for “Egyptian funerary” © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide90 : © J. Paul Getty Trust
Slide91 : [6003334]
La Tène (deserted settlement)
Lat: 47 01 N Long: 007 02 E
Note - Located in the shallows at the E end of Neuchâtel lake; site of important Iron-Age remains, giving its name to an archaeological period of European Celtic culture; in original settlement, Celts had driven piles into the edge of the lake & constructed 2 timber causeways; artifacts include iron swords & other weapons, & everyday objects made of iron and wood, some decorated with distinctive curvilinear & abstract designs.
Hierarchical Position:
Europe............................(continent)
Schweiz.........................(nation)
Neuchâtel.....................(canton)
La Tène ................(deserted settlement)
Names:
La Tène......................meaning “the shallows” (C,V)
Place Types:
deserted settlement (C)............flourished in early Iron Age
archaeological site (C) ............excavated 1907-1917
inhabited place (H)
Sources:
La Tène................................. Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988), 653 [VP]
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/dest/eur/graphics/map-swi.htm Vocabularies provide terms, context, and other information to researchers © J. Paul Getty Trust Information in Vocabularies
Slide92 : Conclusion Vocabularies work best with Standards & Guidelines
Create or choose vocabularies appropriate to your subject area
Provide method of dealing with additional terminology as needed
Provide instruction for indexing
Consider critical issues: controlled? homographs? broader contexts?
Slide93 : Conclusion Getty vocabularies are compilations, not comprehensive
Target audience is visual arts and architecture community
Grow through contributions
Vocabularies are available on Web “browsers,” http://www.getty.edu/gri/vocabularies
Data files may be licensed
Slide94 : Patricia Harpring
Vocabulary Program
Senior Editor
1200 Getty Center Drive
Suite 1100
Los Angeles, CA 90049
310/440-6353
pharpring@getty.edu
http://www.gii.getty.edu © J. Paul Getty Trust