US History II Lect 19

WORLD WAR TWO: 

WORLD WAR TWO Early Phase & Plans Europe 1942-1944 The Home Front Victory in Europe Victory in Asia

Early Phase of War: 

Early Phase of War Europe: Hitler controls continent, N Africa Asia: Pearl Harbor, Dutch East Indies, Malaya, Philippines, Baaton Death March Coalition Partners: U.S. & Britain in D.C. They agree to fight Hitler first Perimeter fight before Operation Overlord Casablanca: FDR, Churchill, Stalin Agree to fight until unconditional surrender Russia wants second front

Europe: 1942 - 1944: 

Europe: 1942 - 1944 Africa: Patton & Eisenhower land Morocco Rommel “The Desert Fox,” Nov 1942: British push them out of Egypt Patton defeat, then wins in May 1943 Italy: Patton land in Sicily, slow invasion America marches into Rome June 4, 1944 Russia: heaviest fighting: Stalingrad They want Allies to form a second front

HOME FRONT: Economy: 

HOME FRONT: Economy Arms Production: wins war for the Allies War Industries Board: Controlled Mat. Plan Ford: B-42 every hour, Kaiser: ship 2 weeks 2 million trucks, 17 m guns, 86,000 tanks 300,000 planes, 12,000 war ships Economy: Gov spends $98 billion 1945 Top tax rate 94%. Gov. grew huge Factory Work: incomes up 50% Full employment

HOME FRONT: Society: 

HOME FRONT: Society Population shift: 9 m. move coastal cities Women: 1/3 workforce, income up 50% Second Black Migration: 1 million in army 700,000 move North, Tuskegee Airmen Fair Employment: ends segregation gov. jobs Japanese-American relocation camps 120,000 people to 10 camps 442 Combat Team: highest decorated

Slide6: 

1944 Election: FDR in poor health GOP: Thomas Dewey- moderate gov. NY FDR wins fourth term HOLOCAUST Auschwitz and Buchenwald: death camps 6 million Jews exterminated Others: gypsies, Polish, homosexuals

VICTORY IN EUROPE: 

VICTORY IN EUROPE D-Day: Eisenhower plans Normandy June 6, 1944. Largest military operation in history: 3 m Battle of the Bulge: bloodiest US battle Berlin falls, Surrender May 7, 1945 Yalta Conference: Feb., 1945 FDR, Churchill, and Stalin Stalin agrees to: 1) go into Berlin first 2) Hold elections in eastern Europe 3) Help America fight Japanese Bad Conference: FDR dies a few months later

Victory in Asia: 

Victory in Asia Admiral Nimitz: Midway (June 42), Marshall General MacArthur: Coral Sea (May, 1942) Gaudalcanal (Aug 43), Manila (Feb 45) Iwo Jima & Okinawa: kamikazes (April 45) Bloodiest battle: 50,000 US; 100,000 Japan How to Win?: Three Options The Bomb: Manhattan Project: Truman J. Robert Oppenheimer: $2 billion, 120,000 Hiroshima: Aug. 6; 6,000 people die Nagasaki: Aug. 9; 40,000 people die Japan surrenders: August 14, Missouri

World War Two: 

World War Two America emerges as the world’s power Wins a huge world battle on two fronts Frees dozens of countries from dictatorship 11 million US soldiers served; 400,000 died 70 million fought world wide. 20 m soldiers & 30m civilians died Soviet Union lost 30 million people. Changed lives more than Depression 19m Women work; 900,000 blacks move Baby Boom, US develop nuclear technology Pulled us out of Depression America reaches full employment End of War America wealthiest country on the earth