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MUSIC IN RUSSIA: 

MUSIC IN RUSSIA

Slide2: 

Russia is a large and extremely culturally diverse country, with dozens of ethnic groups, each with their own forms of folk music. During the period of Soviet domination, music was highly scrutinized and kept within certain boundaries of content and innovation. After the fall of the USSR, western-style rock and pop music became the most popular musical forms in Russia. Some native artists broke through.

CLASSICAL, OPERA, AND BALLET: 

CLASSICAL, OPERA, AND BALLET Russia has a long history of classical music innovation. The first important Russian composer was Mikhail Glinka (1804-57), who added religious and folk elements to classical compositions, composing pioneering operas like Ruslan and Lyudmila and A Life for the Tsar; though these operas were distinctively Russian, they were based off the Italian tradition. Glinka and the composers who made up The Mighty Handful after him (Rimsky-Korsakov, Mussorgsky, Balakirev, Borodin and César Cui) were often influenced by Russian folk music and tales. This same period saw the foundation of the Russian Music Society in 1859, led by composers Anton and Nikolay Rubinstein. The Mighty Handful and the Russian Music Society were rivals, with the former embracing a Russian national identity and the latter musically conservative. Among the Mighty Handful's most notable compositions were the operas The Snow Maiden (Snegurochka), Sadko, Boris Godunov, Prince Igor and Khovanshchina, and the symphonic suite Scheherazade.

CLASSICAL,OPERA, & BALLET CONT’D: 

CLASSICAL,OPERA, & BALLET CONT’D Other prominent Russian composers include Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, and in the 20th century Stravinsky, Prokofiev and Shostakovich. Of these, Tchaikovsky remains the most well-known outside Russia, and his fame as the country's most famous composer is unquestioned. He is best known for ballets like Swan Lake and The Nutcracker. During the 19th century, Count Uvarov led a campaign of nationalist revival which spawned the first professional orchestras with traditional instruments, beginning with Vassily Andreyev, who used the balalaika in an orchestra late in the century. Just after the dawn of the 20th century, Mitrofan Pyatnitsky founded the Pyatnitsky Choir, which used rural peasant singers and traditional sounds. By the time of the Soviet Union, however, it had become one of many groups playing sanitized folk music, now often called fakelore.

SOVIET ERA: 

SOVIET ERA In the 1910s romances (in exotic Russian, Caucasian, Gypsy and Italian styles) became very popular. The greatest and most popular singers of romances usually sang in operas at the same time. The most popular was Fyodor Shalyapin. Singers usually composed music and wrote the lyrics, such as Alexander Vertinsky, Konstantin Sokolsky, Pyotr Leshchenko. The Soviet Era produced many prominent musicians in spite of oppression from the government. Some émigrés remained popular abroad, like pianist Vladimir Horowitz, whose 1986 performance in Moscow, the first in his native land, was a landmark event. In the 1960s, Vyacheslav Shchurov organized concerts featuring folk singers from across Russia, beginning in 1966. Shchurov thus inspired a wave of singing ethnomusicologists who appeared among the urban intellectuals and recorded rural folk musicians. Perhaps the most important group to follow in Shchurov's wake was the Dmitri Pokrovsky Ensemble. A group of musicians called bards arose at the same time. Generally ignored by the state, bards like Vladimir Vysotsky helped lead a popular return to traditional music. The 1960's also saw the beginning of Alla Pugacheva's music career which continues to this day.

SOVEIT ERA CONT’D: 

SOVEIT ERA CONT’D The same period saw the birth of Russian rock with the band Pojuschie Gitary who created a style called VIA and later released the first Russian rock opera, Orpheus and Eurydice. Other rock bands of the era included Tcvety, Sinyaya Ptica and Golubiye Gitary. By the 1980s, popular folk-oriented groups had arisen. The Cossack Kazachy Krug and Pesen Zemli became most popular. A musical underground (magnitizdat) also arose, where poetic and satirical musicians like Bulat Okudzhava and Vladimir Vysotskiy gained black market fame playing their self penned songs.

TUVA: 

TUVA Tuvan, throat singing, or xoomii, is famous world-wide, primarily for its novelty. The style is highly unusual and foreign to most listeners, who typically find it inaccessible and amelodic. In throat singing, the natural harmonic resonances of the lips and mouth are tuned to select certain overtones. The style was first recorded by Ted Levin, who helped catalogue a number of different styles. These are include borbannadir (which is compared to the sound of a flowing river), sygyt (similar to whistling), xoomii, chylandyk (likened to chirping crickets) and ezengileer (like a horses trotting). Of particular international fame is the group Huun-Huur-Tu.

TATARSTAN: 

TATARSTAN Tatar folk music have rhythmic peculiarities and pentatonic intonation in common with nations of the Volga area, who are ethnically Finno-Ugric and Turkic. Singing girls, renowned for their subtlety and grace, are a prominent component of Tatar folk music. Instruments include the kubyz (violin), kurai (flute) and talianka (accordion).

NATIONAL ANTHEM : 

NATIONAL ANTHEM The National Anthem of Russia is composed by Alexander Alexandrov, lyrics written by Sergey Mikhalkov. It constitutes a reintroduction of the music of the Soviet anthem but with revised lyrics. It was adopted in late 2000 with the approval of President Vladimir Putin and replaced the former anthem, The Patriotic Song. The first public broadcast of the new anthem happened in the first minutes of the year 2001 on TV. According to section 4 of Russian Anthem Law, all state-owned TV and radio channels must broadcast the national anthem twice a day.

National Anthem Words: 

National Anthem Words English translation Russia—our sacred State, Russia—our beloved country. A mighty will, a great glory — Is your legacy for all time! Chorus Be glorious, our free Fatherland, Fraternal peoples, a union for the ages, Common wisdom handed down by our forbears Be glorious, our country! We pride ourselves in you. From the southern seas to the arctic circle our forests and fields spread before you You are unique in the world, you are without compare The land of my birth protected by God. Chorus Open spaces for dreams and for living Are opened for us by the coming years Our strength is given to us by faith in our Fatherland Thus it was, so it is and always will be! Chorus Russian lyrics chorus ▶(?) instrumental ▶(?) Россия — священная наша держава, Россия — любимая наша страна. Могучая воля, великая слава — Твоё достоянье на все времена! Припев Славься, Отечество наше свободное, Братских народов союз вековой, Предками данная мудрость народная! Славься, страна! Мы гордимся тобой! От южных морей до полярного края Раскинулись наши леса и поля. Одна ты на свете! Одна ты такая — Хранимая Богом родная земля! Припев Широкий простор для мечты и для жизни. Грядущие нам открывают года. Нам силу даёт наша верность Отчизне. Так было, так есть и так будет всегда! Припев

HISTORY:NATIONAL ANTHEM: 

HISTORY:NATIONAL ANTHEM 1791-1833: unofficially Grom pobedy, razdavajsya! ("Let the sound of victory sound!") and God Save the Queen 1833-1917: God Save the Tsar 1917: Otrechemsya ot starogo mira, Russian version of La Marseillaise 1922-1943: Internationale, adopted as the first national anthem of the Soviet Union 1944-1992: National Anthem of the Soviet Union, the "Hymn"; in 1977 there was a slight change of the lyrics in order to remove the mention of Joseph Stalin. 1991-2000: Prior to Russian independence the Patriotic Song (Patrioticheskaya Pesnya) became the national anthem of Russia. It has no lyrics; in 1999 there was a contest to add lyrics to the anthem, but the new text did not become official, since the new president Vladimir Putin changed the anthem again (on popular demand). 2001-: National Anthem of Russia is in fact the old anthem of the Soviet Union, but the text was again rewritten by Mikhalkov (who also wrote the lyrics for the Soviet hymn).

SUMMARY : 

SUMMARY www.russian-in-us.com So that was just a few of the many types of music types/styles in Russia. There are many forms and there is tons of information out there about it if your interested.