LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Cretaceous - Tertiary


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Part of Cordilleran Orogeny


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Part of Cordilleran Orogeny (Northern Rockies - mostly thrust faulting and folding)


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Part of Cordilleran Orogeny (Northern Rockies - mostly thrust faulting and folding Southern Rockies - folds and volcanism)


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Part of Cordilleran Orogeny (Northern Rockies - mostly thrust faulting and folding Southern Rockies - folds and volcanism Central Rockies - (Wyoming, Colorado) faults)


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Causes of Laramide Orogeny?


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Causes of Laramide Orogeny? Change in angle of convergence of Farallon Plate?


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Causes of Laramide Orogeny? Change in angle of convergence of Farallon Plate? Increase in rate of subduction of Farallon Plate?


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Causes of Laramide Orogeny? Change in angle of convergence of Farallon Plate? Increase in rate of subduction of Farallon Plate? Change in angle of subduction of Farallon Plate? (45 degrees to 10 degrees?)


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Causes of Laramide Orogeny? Change in angle of convergence of Farallon Plate? Increase in rate of subduction of Farallon Plate? Change in angle of subduction of Farallon Plate? (45 degrees to 10 degrees?) 'Tightening up' of new land accreted in Mesozoic?


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Includes the Black Hills


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Includes the Black Hills dome - an uplift or anticline which is circular or elliptical in outline


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Includes the Black Hills dome - an uplift or anticline which is circular or elliptical in outline some rock in the Black Hills is old 2.5-2.6 by - Nemo


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Includes the Black Hills dome - an uplift or anticline which is circular or elliptical in outline some rock in the Black Hills is old 2.5-2.6 by - Nemo 1.6-1.75 by - Harney Peak area


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Includes the Black Hills dome - an uplift or anticline which is circular or elliptical in outline some rock in the Black Hills is old 2.5-2.6 by - Nemo 1.6-1.75 by - Harney Peak area major uplift with Laramide Orogeny


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Includes the Black Hills dome - an uplift or anticline which is circular or elliptical in outline some rock in the Black Hills is old 2.5-2.6 by - Nemo 1.6-1.75 by - Harney Peak area major uplift with Laramide Orogeny major uplifts ended by Oligocene


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Includes the Black Hills dome - an uplift or anticline which is circular or elliptical in outline some rock in the Black Hills is old 2.5-2.6 by - Nemo 1.6-1.75 by - Harney Peak area major uplift with Laramide Orogeny major uplifts ended by Oligocene minor uplifts to Pleistocene


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Major Black Hills Geologic Units


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Major Black Hills Geologic Units Cambrian - Deadwood Fm.


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Major Black Hills Geologic Units Cambrian - Deadwood Fm. Mississippian - Pahasapa Fm. - Spearfish Canyon


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Major Black Hills Geologic Units Cambrian - Deadwood Fm. Mississippian - Pahasapa Fm. - Spearfish Canyon Triassic - Spearfish Fm.


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Major Black Hills Geologic Units Cambrian - Deadwood Fm. Mississippian - Pahasapa Fm. - Spearfish Canyon Triassic - Spearfish Fm. Jurassic - Sundance Fm.


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Major Black Hills Geologic Units Cambrian - Deadwood Fm. Mississippian - Pahasapa Fm. - Spearfish Canyon Triassic - Spearfish Fm. Jurassic - Sundance Fm. Cretaceous - Pierre Fm.


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Major Black Hills Geologic Units Cambrian - Deadwood Fm. Mississippian - Pahasapa Fm. Triassic - Spearfish Fm. Jurassic - Sundance Fm. Cretaceous - Pierre Fm. Oligocene - White River Gp.


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Cretaceous sea driven eastward by sediments from west


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Cretaceous sea driven eastward by sediments from west Hell Creek (ss) - terrestrial Fox Hills (ss) - marine Pierre Shale - marine


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Sediment accumulation along western shore of Cretaceous Sea


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Sediment accumulation along western shore of Cretaceous Sea thick vegetation in coastal marshes, along deltas, and behind barrier reefs


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Sediment accumulation along western shore of Cretaceous Sea thick vegetation in coastal marshes, along deltas, and behind barrier reefs some deposits 100 km wide


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Sediment accumulation along western shore of Cretaceous Sea thick vegetation in coastal marshes, along deltas, and behind barrier reefs some deposits 100 km wide most Wyoming coal deposits Cretaceous and Paleocene


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Bentonites and volcanism


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Bentonites and volcanism some volcanism in Idaho and Wyoming produced large volumes of ash (Cenozoic)


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Bentonites and volcanism some volcanism in Idaho and Wyoming produced large volumes of ash (Cenozoic) deposits of ash in Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Bentonites and volcanism some volcanism in Idaho and Wyoming produced large volumes of ash (Cenozoic) deposits of ash in Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota usually andlt; 1 m thick, but some up to 8m


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Bentonites and volcanism some volcanism in Idaho and Wyoming produced large volumes of ash (Cenozoic) deposits of ash in Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota usually andlt; 1 m thick, but some up to 8m partial decomposition of ash produces bentonite which swells when wet


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Laramide continued during Cenozoic (Tetons in Miocene, Arizona 1200 y)


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Laramide continued during Cenozoic (Tetons in Miocene, Arizona 1200 y) Erosion rapidly filling basins in western North America


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Laramide continued during Cenozoic (Tetons in Miocene, Arizona 1200 y) Erosion rapidly filling basins in western North America Colorado Plateau - uplifted sediments surrounded by mountains - (Pliocene-Miocene)


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Laramide continued during Cenozoic (Tetons in Miocene, Arizona 1200 y) Erosion rapidly filling basins in western North America Colorado Plateau - uplifted sediments surrounded by mountains Columbia Plateau - (Miocene - Pleistocene) Washington and Oregon 200,000 cubic km of basalt


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Laramide continued during Cenozoic Erosion rapidly filling basins in western North America Colorado Plateau - uplifted sediments surrounded by mountains Columbia Plateau - (Miocene - Pleistocene) Washington and Oregon 200,000 cubic km of basalt Cascades - Andean type uplift (Pliocene to recent) - (Lassen, Shasta, Rainier, St. Helens)


LARAMIDE OROGENY: LARAMIDE OROGENY Laramide continued during Cenozoic Columbia Plateau - (Miocene - Pleistocene) Washington and Oregon 200,000 cubic km of basalt Cascades - Andean type uplift (Pliocene to recent) - (Lassen, Shasta, Rainier, St. Helens) Sierras - Nevadan Orogeny (Jurassic) and again in Pliocene- Pleistocene