WL220 Sex and Age

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Methods of Age Structure: 

Methods of Age Structure MAMMALS Cementum annuli Radiographs Ossification of long bones Skull measurements

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Male #1 7-9 years old Tooth Replacement andamp; Wear Methods Mammals

Slide4: 

Extracted Premolar

Slide5: 

Cementum annuli Methods Mammals

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Annuli

Age Structure Mammal: 

Age Structure Mammal

Age Structure MammalMortality Event: 

Age Structure Mammal Mortality Event

Age Structure Mammal Over Harvest-Truncated: 

Age Structure Mammal Over Harvest-Truncated

Methods of Age Structure: 

Methods of Age Structure BIRDS Wing characteristics Weight Ossification of bones Bursa of Fabricius Band Returns

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Probing the Bursa Methods Birds

Methods--WEAR PATTERNS: 

Methods--WEAR PATTERNS If the ends of the outer two primary feathers are somewhat rounded and smooth, then the bird is likely an adult

Methods--WEAR PATTERNS: 

Methods--WEAR PATTERNS If the ends of outer two primary feathers are more pointed and frayed, the bird is likely a juvenile

Age Structure Bird: 

Age Structure Bird

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Age Ratio Calculations 50 Adults and 100 Juveniles 100/50 = 2.0 juveniles/adult 60 Adult and 10 Juveniles 10/60 = 0.16 juveniles/adult

Information from Age Structure: 

Information from Age Structure Status???—Increasing? Decreasing? Harvest-is age structure truncated? Mortality event-missing age class Survival-Mortality-can be calculated Sex Ratio??? Only if harvest open to both sexes

Sex Ratio: 

Sex Ratio Why???? Need both sexes for reproduction to occur Number needed varies with breeding strategy—polygamy, monogamy, polyandry Sexes can compete with one another for resources May want to protect females if managing for population increase

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Breeding Strategies Polygamy = One male, many females. Monogamy = One male, One female Polyandry = One female, many males

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Sex Ratio Calculations 50 males and 100 females 50/150 = 0.33 * 100 = 33 33 males:66 females or 1:2 50/100 = .5 * 100 = 50 50 males/100 females

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Survivorship Significant Declines