Sleep Apnea presentation final2

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The “snoring disease”… SLEEP APNEA

Two different kinds of apnea : 

Two different kinds of apnea Obstructive Sleep Apnea Central Sleep Apnea OSA is much more common Most common in middle aged men Obese men Usually combined with loud snoring, snorting, gasping sounds Only one tenth of adults with Apnea have CLA Can exhibit excessive daytime sleepyness Snoring, snorting, and gasping sounds are absent

Obstructive Sleep Apnea : 

Obstructive Sleep Apnea the intermittent absence of breathing during sleep Most frequently caused by the relaxed tongue blocking the throat Results in pauses in breathing Cycle happens hundreds of times during sleep Results in sleep deprivation

Causes and symptoms of Obstructive sleep apnea : 

Causes and symptoms of Obstructive sleep apnea Causes Symptoms Typical adults with OSA suffer from obesity However obesity is not always present with OSA, significant adults with normal body mass index have decrease in their muscle tone causing airway collapse and Sleep Apnea to occur The number one symptom of Obstructive Sleep Apnea is excessive daytime sleepiness Loud snoring, snorting, and gasping for air while sleeping

Central Sleep Apnea : 

Central Sleep Apnea Occurs when your brain does not send the proper signals to the muscles that control breathing No effort to breathe for brief periods of time Can be caused by other issues in the body such as heart failure

Causes and symptoms of Central sleep Apnea : 

Causes and symptoms of Central sleep Apnea Causes Symptoms various severe and life-threatening lesions of the lower brainstem degenerative diseases Radiation treatment to the neck Damaging the lower brainstem Severe arthritis of the cervical spine or base of the skull Putting pressure on lower brainstem Cessation of breathing during sleep Frequent awakenings and complaints of insomnia Breathing pattern may also be disrupted when woken up from loss of breathing

Children with Sleep Apnea : 

Children with Sleep Apnea Central Sleep Apnea is most seen in preemies, newborns and babies under 9 months old Obstructive Sleep Apnea usually occurs in older babies, toddlers and young children, and research indicates that between 1% and 3% of preschoolers may suffer from Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Brief apneas can cause low levels of oxygen in the blood. This is called “hypoxemia”. Can occur quickly in a child with Obstructive sleep apnea Children tend to take frequent shallow breaths rather than slow deep breaths. This also can cause a child with Obstructive Sleep Apnea to have too much carbon dioxide in the blood. This is called “hypercapnia”. Children with apnea often do not wake up in response to pauses in breathing, unlike adults, children have a higher arousal threshold Sleep pattern tends to be fairly normal

Causes and Symptoms of Apnea in children : 

Causes and Symptoms of Apnea in children Causes Symptoms In premature babies and infants, an immature respiratory system is often to blame In older children physical problems such as enlarged adenoids/tonsils, cleft palate, facial abnormalities, being overweight, allergies or certain conditions such as Downs' Syndrome can also be at the root of childhood sleep apnea Have a history of snoring, tends to be loud and has obvious pauses in breathing and gasps for breath Unusual movements of a child’s chest and abdomen Rib cage appears to move inward as the child inhales, this is called “paradoxical movement”

Effect Sleep apnea has on the body : 

Effect Sleep apnea has on the body Adults Children Untreated in adults can lead to high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, obesity, and diabetes Increase the risk for or worsen heart failure Make irregular heartbeats more likely Increase chance of work related or driving related accidents Adults need 7 hours of sleep in a 24 hour period Failure to thrive Can cause other sleep disorders such as night terrors, nightmares, and bedwetting Behavioral problems can occur due to lack of sleep such as hyper-activity, aggression, depression, poor concentration In rare cases heart problems can occur Children under the age of 10 need 11-13 hours of sleep and teenagers need 10-12 hours of sleep in a 24 hour period

Testing for Sleep Apnea : 

Testing for Sleep Apnea In adults: Questionnaire is given asking about typical symptoms and sleep habits, also a detailed inspection of the mouth neck and throat is given. If sleep apnea is suspected based on the information collected, a sleep test will be done called polysomnography. In children: A sleep test, called polysomnography is usually done to diagnose sleep apnea. There are two kinds: Overnight polysomnography test involves monitoring brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, respiration, oxygen level in the blood and audio monitoring. (for snoring, gasping, etc.) Home monitoring test. A Sleep Technologist hooks your child up to all the electrodes and instructs you on how to record your child's sleep with a computerized polysomnograph that you take home and return in the morning.

Treatment for Sleep apnea in adults : 

Treatment for Sleep apnea in adults In mild cases: losing weight through diet and exercise programs Prevent person from sleeping on their back Severe Cases: Assisted breathing devices to wear at night Surgery to correct airway obstruction Individuals with Sleep Apnea should avoid: Sedatives Sleeping pills Narcotics Alcohol

Treatment for children with Sleep apnea : 

Treatment for children with Sleep apnea surgery to remove their enlarged tonsils/adenoids CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

Conclusion : 

Conclusion If you think you or your child may be suffering from sleep apnea, talk to your doctor as soon as possible. Although sleep apnea in adults and children can lead to some serious problems, it is very treatable!