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Itai-Itai: Doctors, Women and Cadmium : 

Itai-Itai: Doctors, Women and Cadmium Yi-Ping Lin, PhD College of Public Health, National Taiwan University

Background and Significance: 

Background and Significance Environmental Movement 1960s-1970s In the name of “health” Lawsuit, compensation, clean-ups, Pollution Control Agreement Public Health Policies Cadmium in soil and rice STS East Asian case study

A Perfect Story: 

A Perfect Story Environmental epidemiological evidence Cadmium concentration and Itai-Itai prevalence were highly correlated Responsible Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. Compensation, pollution control, environmental clean-ups Disappearing of Itai-Itai disease No more cases reported No major environmental pollution reported in the mining industry

Environmental Epidemiological Evidence: 

Environmental Epidemiological Evidence Cadmium Pollution Prevalence of Itai-Itai of women over 50

Doctors, Women and Cadmium: 

Doctors, Women and Cadmium Why didn’t the medical community recognize the disease earlier? Why did old women get sick? Where have all the cadmium gone?

Country Doctors and City Doctors: 

Country Doctors and City Doctors Shigejiro Hagino (1935) Researchers in a local medical college (after WWII) Rheumatic disease Doctors form a rheumatology institute in Tokyo (1955) Osteomalacia (vitamin D deficiency) Noboru Hagino (1957) Kin-ichi Yoshioka & Noboru Hagino (1961)

Lay, Lay Experts, and Experts: 

Lay, Lay Experts, and Experts London choleras John Snow and the Broad Street Pump (1854) Coal-miners’ pneumoconiosis Smith BE. Black lung: the social production of disease. Inter J Health Services 1981;11:343-59.

Itai-Itai: Old Women in Severe Pain: 

Itai-Itai: Old Women in Severe Pain World War II Increased zinc production Poverty Malnutrition, food shortage More women in the villages Gender differences Biological: hormone Osteoporosis, breast cancer Behavioral: women and water

Women’s Environmental Health: 

Women’s Environmental Health

Women in Environmental Movement: 

Women in Environmental Movement USA Love Canal, NY; Woburn, MA Mothers of sick children Taiwan Female RCA workers Japan Adult children of sick elderly mothers?

Cadmium: A Co-product of Zinc Smelting : 

Cadmium: A Co-product of Zinc Smelting

Cadmium Markets and Trends: 

Cadmium Markets and Trends

Cadmium Production: 

Cadmium Production

Cadmium Consumption: 

Cadmium Consumption

The Application of Cadmium: 

The Application of Cadmium

Nickel Cadmium Batteries: 

Nickel Cadmium Batteries

Mitsui Kinzoku: 

Mitsui Kinzoku

Ray of Hope in the Land of the Rising Sun: 

Ray of Hope in the Land of the Rising Sun

Japanese Women: World’s Longest Life Expectancy: 

Japanese Women: World’s Longest Life Expectancy

Cadmium Rice in Taiwan (1984): 

Cadmium Rice in Taiwan (1984)

Irrigation System, Rice Paddy, & Electric Plating Factories: 

Irrigation System, Rice Paddy, & Electric Plating Factories 污染農地(和美鎮嘉安段地號1166)旁的排水溝。

Cadmium and Health: New Challenges: 

Cadmium and Health: New Challenges Sources of pollution Multiple sources: factories Consumer products: batteries Pathways Food: rice (from the supermarket) Inhalation: factories Exposed population Workers and residents Men and women Diseases Cancers Lung, prostate, breast Osteoporosis

Thank you for your attention!: 

Thank you for your attention!