Principles of Design: Principles of Design
Individuality: Individuality Design is all about Individuality!
No one will ever have the same design concept for one plan.
Your own ideas and feelings go into your design.
Creativity is key.
But remember, the homeowner is the boss! If they don’t like it you might have to change it.
Elements & Principles: Elements & Principles Serve as structures and guidelines for design development.
Elements are tools used to accomplish principles in a project.
Elements = mechanics
Principles = concepts
Elements: Elements Line
Form
Texture
Color
Principles: Principles Focalization
Proportion & Scale
Balance
Order & Unity Repetition
Rhythm & Sequence
Interconnection
Elements: Elements
Line: Line Causes physical and/or visual movement.
Leads the eyes through the landscaped space.
Defines space.
Lines are used in all aspects of the landscape.
Steer physical or visual movement directly through the environment.
Construct Lines…: Construct Lines… By using contrasting plant materials
By forming patterns with similar plant materials
Examples – Ground patterns, Edges of contrasting plant materials, and Tree tops meeting the sky
Lines cont’d: Lines cont’d Straight lines – formality or a contemporary concept
Intersecting lines – hesitation, change of view or direction, or a pause
Curved lines – relaxed, slower movement; casual & informal concept
Straight Lines: Straight Lines
Curved Lines: Curved Lines
Form: Form 2 or 3 – Dimensional shape and structure of an object or space.
Form is Line surrounding Space.
Air space created by two plant materials set side by side is also an expression of form.
Trees are good examples of form.
Common Forms: Common Forms Round
Conical
Oval
Weeping
Horizontal
Upright
Forms cont’d: Forms cont’d Tailored plants and shrubs = formal design
Irregular or natural forms = informal design
Texture: Texture Surface quality of any plant material or structure in the landscape.
Texture is relative.
Comparison is how we determine texture in a landscape.
One plant might be fine in certain surroundings but in others course.
Examples – Smooth, Rough, Shiny, or Dull.
Texture cont’d: Texture cont’d Fine texture = eyes move easy
Course texture = focus eyes
Color: Color Light is the source of color
Color is visible wavelengths
White is all light
Black is the absence of light
The color you see is the reflected wavelength
Color : Color Color Wheel
Primary colors
Red, yellow, blue
Secondary colors
Primary + Primary
Violet, green, orange
Tertiary colors
Primary + Secondary
Name begins with Primary
Red-orange, yellow-green RED BLUE YELLOW
Color cont’d: Hue – pure color
Tint (pastel) – add white & decrease the value
Tone – add gray
Shade – add black
Warm colors – yellow, red, orange = excitement
Cool colors – blue and green = calm
Color cont’d
Principles: Principles
Focalization: Focalization Visual break in the sequence and flow of the landscape.
Focal Point – point or area that attracts the eye
Without it the eye is lost and confused.
A designer should create a strong and effective focal point.
Use elements to create the focal point
Focalization: Focalization Can be created by varying sizes of plants.
Texture can be useful
Minor focal points can be used to lead the eye to the main focal point
Color can create a focal point on a site with great depth.
What color might you use for the focal point?
Proportion & Scale: Proportion & Scale Proportion – relationship among components of landscape.
Tree to tree, shrub to shrub, tree to shrub
Scale – relationship among components of landscape to house.
Tall tree to squatty house – not good
Out – of – scale: Out – of – scale
Slide28: In – scale
Balance: Balance Symmetrical
Balance: Asymmetrical Balance
Order & Unity: Order & Unity Order – overall organization, skeleton
Unity – harmonious relationship among all elements of the design
Repetition: Repetition Repeating or using an element more than once throughout a design.
Provides a common feature throughout the design that pulls the design together.
Rhythm & Sequence: Rhythm & Sequence The apparent flow of lines, textures, and colors that express a feeling of motion rather than confusion.
Keeps the eye moving smoothly.
Create R & S with elements
Interconnection: Interconnection Produces unity in the design
Components physically linked together
Examples – a row of shrubs, lines of tulips