logging in or signing up synaptic transmission Lamudan Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 918 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: May 23, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description presentation icludes information about chemical synaptic transmission, main neurotransmitters in humman body and how can this type of synaptic transmission be influenced with drugs Comments Posting comment... By: vg81 (19 month(s) ago) thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Synaptic transmission : Synaptic transmission Types of synaptic connections : Types of synaptic connections Chemical Electric Conjoint Electric synapse : Electric synapse Gap junction - Cylinder of 6 connexin subunits Ions just flow through the channel and change the potential of the cell Regulation of the ion flow: c Ca2+, pH, cAMP Connection between: glial cells and neurons rods and cones Advantage: transmission is faster Chemical synapse : Chemical synapse The most common type in humans and vertebratea Adavantages: Polarity Integration Modulation Chemical synpse : Chemical synpse Polarity: The transmission succeds only in one direction Integration: There are lots of synaptic clefts on one neuron and incoming signals are summated before generating the action potential Modulation: The transmission can be influenced by other chemicals in the synaptic cleft Electric and chemical synapse : Electric and chemical synapse Main neurotransmitters in human body : Main neurotransmitters in human body Acetylcholine Catecholamines Dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline Serotonine Histamine GABA, glycine – inhibiting Glutamate, aspartate - excitating Acetylcholine : Acetylcholine The parasympathetic nervous system acetylcholinesterase: Brokes the acetylcholine down in the synaptic cleft after binding to the receptor Acetylcholine ? acetate + choline Cholin reuptake to the presynaptic neuron M receptors - G-protein + ion channel N receptors - part of Cl- channel Acetylcholine : Acetylcholine N-receptors heteroreceptors of glutamatergic, hydroxytryptaminergic, GABAergic or dopaminergic neurons Increase of released neurotransmitter learning, memory, motoric functions Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors : Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Acetylcholine stays longer in the synaptic cleft, works longer They are used to treat Alzheimer´s disease: Physostigmine, rivastigmine, donepezile, galantamine Atropine : Atropine M and N receptors antagonist, is used as active substance in Spasmolytic drugs – cramps of GIT Mydriatic drugs Prevents bardycardia Catecholamines : Catecholamines Adrenaline Noradrenaline Dopamine Catecholamines : Catecholamines Reuptake from synaptic cleft MonoAaminoOxidase-A (MAO-A): breaks down adrenaline and noradrenaline in the neurons MAO-B: breaks down dopamine in extracellular space Cresyl-O-MethylTransferase (COMT) Dopamine : Dopamine Receptors – adenylatcyklase D1+5 - stimulation D2,3,4 - inhibition D2 - motoric functions D3,4 - limbic system D4 - in GABAergic neurons Adrenaline and noradrenaline are agonists Parkinson´s disease : Parkinson´s disease Deficit of dopamine in the neurones of basal ganglia Treatment: COMT inhibitors: tolcapone , entacapone Selective MAO-B inhibitors: selegiline Adrenaline, Noradrenaline : Adrenaline, Noradrenaline The sympathetic nervous system Receptors with G-protein – a, ß Disorders in adrenergic neurotransmission: Narcolepsia Concentration disorders Depression Eating disorders Adrenaline, Noradrenaline : Adrenaline, Noradrenaline Abused drugs: Psychostimulants- noradrenaline, dopamine and hydroxytryptamine synaptic output stimulation Amfetamine, pervitine, MDMA - extasy Antidepressants noradrenaline, dopamine and hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors Inhibitors of MAO Serotonine(5-hydroxytryptamine) : Serotonine(5-hydroxytryptamine) Reuptake from synaptic cleft MAO-A Receptors 5-HydroxyTryptamine1-7 (5-HT), second-messenger systems Activation of the 5-HT receptors hypoactivity (sedation, sleep, depression) agressivity, anxiety, sexuality, eating headache Histamine : Histamine Receptors: G-protein H1: excitating, hypothalamus, PNS H2: inhibiting, Hippocampus, Cortex H3: histamine synthesis and output Heteroreceptors: inhibition of acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline and hydroxytryptamine output Regulation of sleep and vigilance Regulation of Eating and water uptake Antipsychotics : Antipsychotics H1-antihistaminergic side effects: Somnolence Increase of body weight Antihistaminics : Antihistaminics H1: prevention of alergic reactions, sedatives, antiemetics, antivertiginous H2: inhibition of gastric HCl secretion H3: experimental research ?-Amino Butyric Acid : ?-Amino Butyric Acid Main inhibiting neurotransmitter in vertebratea Reuptake from synaptic cleft GABA A receptor part of receptor for: alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates regulation of Cl- channel GABAB receptor – G-protein, inhibition of other neurotransmitters output Glycin : Glycin Inhibiting neurotransmitter Reuptake from synaptic cleft Receptors- Cl- channels Strychnin – agonist - cramps Glutamate, Aspartate : Glutamate, Aspartate Ionotropic receptors: Na+, Ca2+, K+ channels NMDA AMPA kainate Metabotropic receptors: G-protein mGLUR 1-8 Memory functions Glutamate, Aspartate : Glutamate, Aspartate Antiepileptics Topiramate: AMPA inhibitor General anestetics Ketamine: NMDA antagonist You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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synaptic transmission Lamudan Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 918 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: May 23, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description presentation icludes information about chemical synaptic transmission, main neurotransmitters in humman body and how can this type of synaptic transmission be influenced with drugs Comments Posting comment... By: vg81 (19 month(s) ago) thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Synaptic transmission : Synaptic transmission Types of synaptic connections : Types of synaptic connections Chemical Electric Conjoint Electric synapse : Electric synapse Gap junction - Cylinder of 6 connexin subunits Ions just flow through the channel and change the potential of the cell Regulation of the ion flow: c Ca2+, pH, cAMP Connection between: glial cells and neurons rods and cones Advantage: transmission is faster Chemical synapse : Chemical synapse The most common type in humans and vertebratea Adavantages: Polarity Integration Modulation Chemical synpse : Chemical synpse Polarity: The transmission succeds only in one direction Integration: There are lots of synaptic clefts on one neuron and incoming signals are summated before generating the action potential Modulation: The transmission can be influenced by other chemicals in the synaptic cleft Electric and chemical synapse : Electric and chemical synapse Main neurotransmitters in human body : Main neurotransmitters in human body Acetylcholine Catecholamines Dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline Serotonine Histamine GABA, glycine – inhibiting Glutamate, aspartate - excitating Acetylcholine : Acetylcholine The parasympathetic nervous system acetylcholinesterase: Brokes the acetylcholine down in the synaptic cleft after binding to the receptor Acetylcholine ? acetate + choline Cholin reuptake to the presynaptic neuron M receptors - G-protein + ion channel N receptors - part of Cl- channel Acetylcholine : Acetylcholine N-receptors heteroreceptors of glutamatergic, hydroxytryptaminergic, GABAergic or dopaminergic neurons Increase of released neurotransmitter learning, memory, motoric functions Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors : Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Acetylcholine stays longer in the synaptic cleft, works longer They are used to treat Alzheimer´s disease: Physostigmine, rivastigmine, donepezile, galantamine Atropine : Atropine M and N receptors antagonist, is used as active substance in Spasmolytic drugs – cramps of GIT Mydriatic drugs Prevents bardycardia Catecholamines : Catecholamines Adrenaline Noradrenaline Dopamine Catecholamines : Catecholamines Reuptake from synaptic cleft MonoAaminoOxidase-A (MAO-A): breaks down adrenaline and noradrenaline in the neurons MAO-B: breaks down dopamine in extracellular space Cresyl-O-MethylTransferase (COMT) Dopamine : Dopamine Receptors – adenylatcyklase D1+5 - stimulation D2,3,4 - inhibition D2 - motoric functions D3,4 - limbic system D4 - in GABAergic neurons Adrenaline and noradrenaline are agonists Parkinson´s disease : Parkinson´s disease Deficit of dopamine in the neurones of basal ganglia Treatment: COMT inhibitors: tolcapone , entacapone Selective MAO-B inhibitors: selegiline Adrenaline, Noradrenaline : Adrenaline, Noradrenaline The sympathetic nervous system Receptors with G-protein – a, ß Disorders in adrenergic neurotransmission: Narcolepsia Concentration disorders Depression Eating disorders Adrenaline, Noradrenaline : Adrenaline, Noradrenaline Abused drugs: Psychostimulants- noradrenaline, dopamine and hydroxytryptamine synaptic output stimulation Amfetamine, pervitine, MDMA - extasy Antidepressants noradrenaline, dopamine and hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors Inhibitors of MAO Serotonine(5-hydroxytryptamine) : Serotonine(5-hydroxytryptamine) Reuptake from synaptic cleft MAO-A Receptors 5-HydroxyTryptamine1-7 (5-HT), second-messenger systems Activation of the 5-HT receptors hypoactivity (sedation, sleep, depression) agressivity, anxiety, sexuality, eating headache Histamine : Histamine Receptors: G-protein H1: excitating, hypothalamus, PNS H2: inhibiting, Hippocampus, Cortex H3: histamine synthesis and output Heteroreceptors: inhibition of acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline and hydroxytryptamine output Regulation of sleep and vigilance Regulation of Eating and water uptake Antipsychotics : Antipsychotics H1-antihistaminergic side effects: Somnolence Increase of body weight Antihistaminics : Antihistaminics H1: prevention of alergic reactions, sedatives, antiemetics, antivertiginous H2: inhibition of gastric HCl secretion H3: experimental research ?-Amino Butyric Acid : ?-Amino Butyric Acid Main inhibiting neurotransmitter in vertebratea Reuptake from synaptic cleft GABA A receptor part of receptor for: alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates regulation of Cl- channel GABAB receptor – G-protein, inhibition of other neurotransmitters output Glycin : Glycin Inhibiting neurotransmitter Reuptake from synaptic cleft Receptors- Cl- channels Strychnin – agonist - cramps Glutamate, Aspartate : Glutamate, Aspartate Ionotropic receptors: Na+, Ca2+, K+ channels NMDA AMPA kainate Metabotropic receptors: G-protein mGLUR 1-8 Memory functions Glutamate, Aspartate : Glutamate, Aspartate Antiepileptics Topiramate: AMPA inhibitor General anestetics Ketamine: NMDA antagonist