Presentation Transcript
In The Beginning…: In The Beginning… A Bit of Internet History & Why Things Are The Way They Are
America’s POV in 1946: America’s POV in 1946 Axis powers defeated
Germany and Japan in shambles
American war-time economy still pumping
Europe and Asia as a whole in shambles
The beginning of “Pax Americana”
America’s POV in (con’t): America’s POV in (con’t) Atomic Age (America on top)
Radical Scientific Innovation
Beginning of American Military Industrial Complex
Flood of Veterans (GI Bill into college, rapid assimilation into business)
America in 1946-1950: America in 1946-1950 Infrastructure boom as home loans for vets come through
Major geographic shifts as workers move around the country
Major rise of the middle class (Cars, appliances, etc)
The World in 1946-1950: The World in 1946-1950 The beginning of the Cold War
Rise of the Super Powers (The U.S. and The Soviet Union)
The Beginning of the Arms Race
The Foundation of the Space Race
The Cold War in America (1946-1957): The Cold War in America (1946-1957) Bomb Shelters & “Duck and Cover” drills
Civil Defense continues
Communism to be identified and “rooted” out
Nuclear Bombs to be delivered by piloted aircraft
The funding of DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
1957: 1957 The launch of Sputnik starts the Space Race
It also heralds unprecedented levels of funding into military projects
ICBMs and space-based weapons platforms are no longer science fiction
1969 & DARPA: 1969 & DARPA Birth of Internet (ARPANet)
Berkeley with TCP/IP Protocol into UNIX (Created by Bell Labs in 1960’s)
Linked Stanford, Berkeley, MIT, Carnegie Melon and then others
Packet Switching concept introduced, creating paradigm we have today
Power Grid and Communications Grid Basics: Power Grid and Communications Grid Basics Electricity
Voltage (“pressure”)
Amperage (Size of “pipe”)
Transformers (Step out power and distribute)
Phone
Copper wire
Electrical analog
Switches
Electromagnetic Spectrum Basics: Electromagnetic Spectrum Basics Analog
Digital
Waves and Frequencies
Using Electricity as carrier
The Spectrum Rough Cut: The Spectrum Rough Cut Radio- ~1MHz-1GHz
Microwaves (Sometimes seen on radio band)- 1GHz-300GHz
Infrared- ~300GHz-1,000THz(1015 Hz)
Light (including Ultraviolet)~1015 Hz-1017 Hz
X-Rays/Gamma Rays, etc- ~1017 Hz-1022 Hz
A Wave: A Wave Amplitude is height of the wave
Digital “Wave”: Digital “Wave”
Why We Care: Why We Care Modulation:
The process of modifying a wave so that it can carry information is known as modulation. There are three ways of modulating a wave: changing its amplitude, frequency, or phase. (AM, FM or PM)
Computer Communication: Computer Communication Using wire to transmit information
Higher voltage = 1
Lower voltage = 0
Basics of Binary Code
All of it is representational
Computer Technology & Early Application: Computer Technology & Early Application Mainframes & Dumb Terminals
The Rise of Personal Computers
Cheaper Hardware
Business/Industry Applications (Payroll and Banking and Credit Cards)
Info Tech in Education (Accounting and MIS)
Info Tech in the Org Chart (Under CFO)
Government Begins to Hand over Internet: Government Begins to Hand over Internet National Science Foundation begins to take over, and things begin to move from DOD
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) sets standards
Protocols
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
(IP addresses and DNS)
Rise of ISPs: Rise of ISPs AOL, CompuServe and Prodigy
People begin to use Internet at home on their PC’s
Personal use of Internet still limited
The Web: The Web 1993
Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (Centre Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire) the European Laboratory for Particle Physics
Creates revolution
Starts Netscape, and the Browser Wars
Why This Matters: Why This Matters QWERTY Key Board example
The system we are using today is over 30 years old
It was made by Cold War scientists
WHY things are the way they are explains the thinking that created the current landscape
Next Topic: Next Topic Web History and Evolution
E-Business Revolution