America Outline Foreign Policy Revision

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KOREAN WAR 1950-53 Truman Doctrine Communist North invades South General McArthur Too close to Chinese border 54,000 Americans died US confidence dented US lost monopoly on nuclear power ( Russians) Reasons for involvement Consequences Both sides in the Cold War knew the other was prepared to fight

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VIETNAM WAR 1965ff Reasons for US involvement Truman Doctrine Belief in Domino Theory Communist North (Vietcong) invaded South Agent Orange / Napalm Jungle warfare Guerilla tactics TV coverage Tet Offensive Student protests Withdrawal 1973 South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia became Communist- US couldn’t stop dominoes falling Fall of Saigon 1975 Why US lost Why war hated at home FAILURE CONSEQUENCE US unwilling to get involved in another war for a decade

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CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS 1962 Bay of Pigs disaster 1961 Castro leads Cuba 1959 100 miles from Florida U2 Spy Plane spots missiles Khruschev sending more Kennedy decides on blockade Will Krushchev back off or not?? ...nuclear threat,,, tension huge US cuts all aid, Castro turns to USSR. becomes Comm ICBMs can hit most US cities REASONS FOR CRISIS 1963 hot-line set up Test ban treaty signed Nuclear non-proliferation Treaty 1968 Backed off in return for removal of US missiles in Turkey CONSEQUENCES

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AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY 1930s Wouldn’t join the League of Nations Isolationist 4 Neutrality Acts Kept out of War 1939 Lend-Lease to Britain

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AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY 1940s Dec 7 -12 1941 Pearl Harbour/ war Japan/ war Germany 1944 D-Day Landings ’45 Yalta, Potsdam 1942 Battle of Midway Far East war AND European War March to Berlin 1945 Atomic bombs North Africa/Italy US emerged from War as world’s only nuclear power Invovement in Far East Involvement in Europe

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AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY 1940s (2) 1947 Truman Doctrine 1947 Marshall Aid 1948 Berlin Blockade and Airlift 1945 United Nations (with headquarters in New York) 1949 NATO Clear division between Communist East and Democratic West United Nations Involvement to halt Communism

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AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY 1950s Korean War 1950 to 1953 Warsaw Pact 1955 to oppose NATO Confirmation of Truman Doctrine Nuclear Arms Race continues

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AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY 1960s Berlin Wall 1961 - 1989 Kennedy to Berlin 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis Vietnam War 1968 Tet Offensive and My Lai Massacre White House / Kremlin hotline 1961 Bay of Pigs My Lai massacre Loss of confidence in US ability to fulfil Truman Doctrine Widespread horror at TV coverage

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AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY 1970s Nixon and China (continued by Carter) Sport and cultural exchanges + 1973 Withdrawl from Vietnam 1972 SALT 1 1975 Helsinki Accords 1978 SALT 2 (never signed because of.......) 1979 Russian invasion of Afghanistan D E T E N T E

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AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY 1980s 1982 Reagan’s Strategic Defence Initiative [SDI] (Star Wars) Soviets tried to keep up but couldn’t afford it Collapse of Communism and 1989 Fall of Berlin Wall Better relations between Gorbachev and Reagan D E T E N T E