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Inventor Date Invention Image Function Impacts on American Society George Stephenson 1814 Steam Locomotive Steam locomotive to pull trains that were longer and heavier than before Railroads accelerated the growth and expansion of the U.S. allowing for expanded trade with lower transportation costs and travel by individuals Cyrus McCormick 1831 Mechanical Reaper John Deere 1837 Steel Plow Samuel Morse 1837 1838 Telegraph Morse Code Isaac Singer 1850 Sewing Machine George Pullman 1857 Pullman Sleeping Car Christopher Sholes 1867 Typewriter Montgomery Ward 1872 Mail Order Catalog Joseph Glidden 1873 Barbed Wire Name: ________________________________________________ Date: __________ Period ________ American Inventions Instructions: Use your chrome book and/or textbook to research each of the inventions listed below. Provided an explanation of its function and if possible what it replaced or how it was different from earlier machines/inventions. Explain its impact on American society. How did life change How did the invention help the U.S. grow or expand. Please be sure your writing is your own. No plagiarism

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Inventor Date Invention Image Function Impacts on American Society Alexander Graham Bell 1876 Telephone Thomas Edison 1879 1880 Incandescent Light Bulb Electricity Distribution American Inventions Answer ONE of the following Reflection Questions. Provide specific examples to support your argument. 1. Why do you think there were so many new inventions late 1800s 1. In what ways did these inventions benefit American society 2

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Inventor Date Invention Image Function Impacts on American Society George Stephenson 1814 Steam Locomotive Steam locomotive to pull trains that were longer and heavier than before Railroads accelerated the growth and expansion of the U.S. allowing for expanded trade with lower transportation costs and travel by individuals Cyrus McCormick 1831 Mechanical Reaper Horse-drawn machine that harvested grains replacing the hand scythe Increased crop yields with less labor. Contributed to shift from rural to urban society and more food to support the growing population. John Deere 1837 Steel Plow Allowed farmers to cut furrows in thick sticky Midwest soil. Needed for planting seeds. Replaced shovel Transformed the Midwest into nation’s bread basket. More food to support growing population. Samuel Morse 1837 1838 Telegraph Morse Code Communication device using coded dots and dashes. New way to communicate over long distances Used mostly by railroads and businesses. Could coordinate trains and deliveries. Could run regional operations from a central head office. Made everything faster. Isaac Singer 1850 Sewing Machine Used to make clothing. Replaced hand sewing. Freed women from time-consuming work at home. Clothing became mass produced. Helped women move into factories. George Pullman 1857 Pullman Sleeping Car Comfortable rail car for transporting passengers. Replaced less comfortable cars Passengers could travel over long distances in greater comfort. Led to more rapid geographic expansion of U.S. Christopher Sholes 1867 Typewriter Used to create printed text. Replaced handwriting and hand- set type. Expanded communication by making printing much faster and easier. This led to business growth and more women in the work force. Montgomery Ward 1872 Mail Order Catalog Allowed people to order products and receive them by mail. Too many items to stock at stores. Made a wider range of products available to people especially those in rural areas. Farmers and businesses could get supplies cheaper and faster Joseph Glidden 1873 Barbed Wire Inexpensive wire fencing. Used by ranchers to replace wooden fences. Limited the open range. Led to disputes and concentration of power by rich landowners. Changed ability of Native American tribes to roam freely. Name: ___SAMPLE_______________________________________ Date: __________ Period ________ American Inventions Instructions: Use your chrome book and/or textbook to research each of the inventions listed below. Provided an explanation of its function and if possible what it replaced or how it was different from earlier machines/inventions. Explain its impact on American society. How did life change How did the invention help the U.S. grow or expand. Please be sure your writing is your own. No plagiarism

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Inventor Date Invention Image Function Impacts on American Society Alexander Graham Bell 1876 Telephone Voice communication device. Replaced telegraph and written letters. Started communication revolution. Connected people. Allowed business to operate faster and more efficiently. Extended people’s lives because they could call for help. Thomas Edison 1879 1880 Incandescent Light Bulb Electricity Distribution 1. Created artificial light 2. Powered lights and machines over wide areas 1. Allowed for work to be done after sunlight increasing American productivity. 2. Allowed businesses to operate at night. Made businesses more efficient. Led to growth of economy. American Inventions Answer ONE of the following reflection questions. Provide specific examples to support your argument. 1. Why do you think there were so many new inventions late 1800s Once the Industrial Revolution began people began to see how technology could improve their lives. Things that used to be made by hand over a long period of time could now be made faster and with less effort. One invention usually led to another as people understood how to make use of an invention. The steam engine was invented but what was it good for Stephenson built a locomotive to power larger railcars carrying more freight. Pullman saw the growth of the railroads but realized that rail cars were very uncomfortable for people to ride in so he created the sleeper car. Steel was invented and people started to think about how steel could be used. Farmers wanted to plant wheat and other grains in the Midwest but the soil was very hard to penetrate so John Deere used steel to make a plow that could be drawn by a horse. Farmers could plant more crops. That led to the need for a better way to harvest the grains and that led to the invention of the reaper. It’s a lot like what happened when personal computers were first introduced. People saw what they could do and that led to other inventions like software the mouse microprocessors . . . One invention builds on another. 1. In what ways did these inventions benefit American society 2

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Section Maximum Score For a Score of 3 For a Score of 2 For a Score of 1 Function 3 Clearly and thoroughly describes the function of each invention. If possible also includes information about what the invention replaced. Generally describes the function of inventions. Some responses may be missing or incorrect. Doesn’t necessarily include information about what the invention replaced. Significant number of responses are either missing or incorrect. Information. Does not demonstrate adequate understanding or effort. Impacts on Society 3 Clearly and thoroughly describes how each invention changed American society. Focus is not on the invention’s function but how it impacted businesses farmers government families or individuals. Demonstrates a general effort to describe how each invention changed American society. May sometimes focus on function more than impact. Some responses may be missing or incorrect. Significant number of responses are either missing or incorrect. Information. Does not demonstrate adequate understanding or effort. Reflection Question 3 Clearly and thoroughly answers either ONE of the questions. Includes specific examples to support position. Writing reflects excellent spelling syntax grammar and punctuation Responds to one of the questions. Response is generally correct. Examples are provided by are not strong enough to support position. There are some problems with spelling syntax grammar and/or punctuation. Response is either missing or shows minimal effort. No examples are provided. There are significant problems with spelling syntax grammar and/or punctuation. Scoring Rubric Total Points Possible: 9