lecture9

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By: schesfe (8 month(s) ago) Private Comment

plz if can send me a copy of this beautiful ppt....thankyou

By: joseg (26 month(s) ago) Private Comment

Two questions: - What about Marattiales? You have not place them under the eusporangiate but as Filicales, although they have eusporangia - I think it is unlikely the evolutionary scenario you show through these slides; Sphenopsids and Filiceans shared a common ancestor (perhaps via Cladoxylales), very different and distant from the Lycopsids; so perhaps the plesiomorphic condition for this group is not a subterranean non-clorophylic gametophyte

By: purinpurnama (27 month(s) ago) Private Comment

Hi Kindly, could you send me this very interesting ppt??.Thank you...

By: jun2jun (44 month(s) ago) Private Comment

Hi ~ Can you send me your pwpt slides for my studies purposes? Will be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

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Lecture 9 – Pteridophyta:

Lecture 9 – Pteridophyta Chapter 17: 389-407 Sixth Edition – Chapter 19: 443-465 Reminder – Thursday Exam I The exam will cover the material through last Thursday; review questions at back, with handout

Slide2:

Liverworts Hornworts Mosses To be cont. Modified 17-13 (19-9) Embryophytes “Bryophytes” Transition to land Rhynia (Fossil) Lycopodiophyta Heterosporous ferns Equisetales Eusporangiate ferns Pteridophytes Filicales megaphylls

Slide3:

Microphylls Remember—only one vascular trace, no branching of vasculature in the leaf. Typically small (hence the name) but can be larger (in Isoëtes and fossil forms).

Slide4:

Megaphylls Multiple, branching vascular traces (veins) in leaves. Typically large, but can be quite small (Azolla, Equisetum). Often compound or otherwise divided in the ferns.

Slide5:

Megaphyll of an angiosperm (Erodium)

Slide6:

Portion of a megaphyll in Filicales (Asplenium)

Slide7:

Megaphyll in Filicales (Cystopteris)

Slide8:

Megaphylls aren’t always large; these are highly reduced Megaphylls in Equisetales (Equisetum)

Evolution of steles:

Evolution of steles Pteridophyta

Slide10:

Heterosporous ferns Equisetales Eusporangiate ferns Stele modification in Pteridophyta ancestor had protostele, like Lycopodiophyta. siphonostele eustele Filicales

Slide11:

Protosteles Remember Lycopodiophyta?

Slide12:

The eusporangiate fern stems aren’t that different. Remember Lycopodiophyta? Protosteles

Slide13:

Siphonosteles Most ferns, though, have siphonosteles with leaf gaps

Slide14:

Closer view of a section of a siphonostele Siphonosteles

Slide15:

Eusteles Equisetales—first eusteles; convergent with seed plants.

Slide16:

Heterosporous ferns Equisetales Eusporangiate ferns Modification of life cycle and reproduction in Pteridophyta ancestor had dominant homosporous sporophyte with underground non-photosynthetic gametophyte, like Lycopodiaceae above-ground photosynthetic gametophyte heterospory endosporic gametophyte leptosporangia Filicales

Slide17:

Heterosporous ferns Equisetales Eusporangiate ferns Modification of life cycle and reproduction in Pteridophyta: 1. Above-ground, photosynthetic gametophyte ancestor had dominant homosporous sporophyte with underground non-photosynthetic gametophyte, like Lycopodiaceae above-ground photosynthetic gametophyte heterospory endosporic gametophyte leptosporangia Filicales

Slide18:

Life cycles: the underground, non-photosynthetic gametophyte

Slide19:

Life cycles: the underground, non-photosynthetic gametophyte

Slide20:

Life cycles: above-ground photosynthetic gametophyte

Slide21:

Life cycles: above-ground photosynthetic gametophyte The kind of gametophyte at right is typical of Filicales; Equisetales has a similar gametophyte. Because the plants are homosporous, a single gametophyte produces sperm and eggs.

Slide22:

Life cycles: above-ground photosynthetic gametophyte gametophytes emerging young sporophyte

Slide23:

Life cycles: above-ground photosynthetic gametophyte

Slide24:

Heterosporous ferns Equisetales Eusporangiate ferns Modification of life cycle and reproduction in Pteridophyta: 2. Leptosporangia ancestor had dominant homosporous sporophyte with underground non-photosynthetic gametophyte, like Lycopodiaceae above-ground photosynthetic gametophyte heterospory endosporic gametophyte leptosporangia Filicales

Slide25:

Life cycles: eusporangia vs. leptosporangia Eusporangia: large anything from one spore to thousands of spores the basal (primitive) condition walls several cells thick found in most plants Leptosporangia: small 64 spores (occasionally 32 or 16) grouped into sori (sing. sorus) have annulus (thickened ring) walls one cell thick only in Filicales and heterosporous ferns

Slide26:

Life cycles: eusporangia in a eusporangiate fern (Botrychium)

Slide27:

Life cycles: eusporangia in a Lycophyte (Huperzia

Slide28:

Life cycles: eusporangia in an angiosperm (Hydrophyllum)

Slide29:

Life cycles: leptosporangia

Slide30:

Life cycles: leptosporangia in Filicales (Polypodium)

Slide31:

Life cycles: leptosporangia in Filicales (Sinopteris)

Slide32:

Life cycles: leptosporangia in Filicales (Polystichum)

Slide33:

Life cycles: leptosporangia grouped into sori in Filicales (Thelypteris)

Slide34:

Life cycles: leptosporangia grouped into sori in Filicales (Asplenium)

Slide35:

Life cycles: leptosporangia grouped into sori in Filicales (Dryopteris)

Slide36:

Heterosporous ferns Equisetales Eusporangiate ferns Modification of life cycle and reproduction in Pteridophyta: 3. Heterospory and endosporic gametophytes ancestor had dominant homosporous sporophyte with underground non-photosynthetic gametophyte, like Lycopodiaceae above-ground photosynthetic gametophyte heterospory endosporic gametophyte leptosporangia Filicales

Slide37:

Life cycles: heterospory Heterosporous life cycle with endosporic gametophytes in Selaginella

Slide38:

Life cycles: heterospory The life cycle of Selaginella is the same as what is found in the heterosporous ferns and in the seed plants.

Slide39:

Life cycles: heterospory BUT—the similar life cycles are convergent, arising independently in each lineage.

Slide40:

Liverworts Hornworts Mosses To be cont. Simplifed 17-13 (19-9) Embryophytes “Bryophytes” Transition to land Rhynia (Fossil) Lycopodiophyta Heterosporous ferns Equisetales Eusporangiate ferns Pteridophytes Filicales megaphylls

Slide41:

Eusporangiate ferns: brief overview --megaphylls --protosteles --homosporous --eusporangia --underground, non-photosynthetic gametophyte --includes Psilotales and Ophioglossales --7 genera, about 70 species

Slide42:

Eusporangiate ferns: Ophioglossales: Botrychium What you’re seeing here is one leaf

Slide43:

Eusporangiate ferns: Ophioglossales: Ophioglossum

Slide44:

Eusporangiate ferns: Psilotales: Psilotum

Slide45:

Eusporangiate ferns: Psilotales: Psilotum

Slide46:

Slide47:

Equisetales: brief overview --highly reduced megaphylls --eusteles --homosporous --eusporangia --eusteles --above-ground photosynthetic gametophyte --strobili --hollow, jointed stems --one genus, Equisetum, about 15 species; this genus may be the oldest extant plant genus

Slide48:

Equisetales: Equisetum

Slide49:

Equisetales: Equisetum

Slide50:

Equisetales: Equisetum Equisetales is the only fern group with strobili. Strobili are stems with modified leaves– sporophylls—clustered on them. Last week we saw strobili with microphylls, these are strobili with megaphylls. These sporophylls are often called sporangiophores on Equisetum.

Slide51:

Equisetales: Equisetum: strobili

Slide52:

Slide53:

Heterosporous ferns: brief overview --megaphylls --siphonosteles --heterosporous --leptosporangia --endosporic gametophyte --all aquatic --includes Marsileales and Salviniales --5 genera, about 70 species

Slide54:

Heterosporous ferns: Salviniales: Azolla

Slide55:

Heterosporous ferns: Salviniales: Salvinia

Slide56:

Heterosporous ferns: Salviniales: Salvinia

Slide57:

Heterosporous ferns: Marsileales: Marsilea

Slide58:

Slide59:

Filicales: brief overview --megaphylls --siphonosteles --homosporous --leptosporangia --above-ground, photosynthetic gametophyte --about 320 genera, 10,500 species