Child Study Movement (late 19th – early 20th century): Watson:
Child Study Movement (late 19th – early 20th century): Watson . . . VS. behaviorism (1920s)
Supports tenet of equality for all
J.B. Watson
Parenthood = science
“acquired characteristics”
Too much mother love?
“Psychological Care of Infant and Child (1928)
Conditioning children to create desired behavior
Child Study Movement (late 19th – early 20th century): Freud:
Child Study Movement (late 19th – early 20th century): Freud Childhood crucial to development of man
Early childhood the most important
Emotional development: key to healthy functioning
Criticized for his methods
& . . . implying children had sexual urges
Depression/WWII (1930-1945): Context:
Depression/WWII (1930-1945): Context Great Depression (1933-1939)
Economic crisis (abrupt change)
Scarcity
Decrease – marriages, births
WWII (1940-1945)
Wartime prosperity
Father absence
Stimulated women’s employment (latchkey children)
Increase – marriages, births
Depression/WWII (1930-1945): Programs:
Depression/WWII (1930-1945): Programs FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Association)
WPA (Works Progress Administration)
Emergency Maternal and Infant Care Program (EMIC)
Lanham Act: federally funded day care centers
Mother’s Aid Programs (including ADC)
Depression/WWII (1930-1945): Effect on children:
Depression/WWII (1930-1945): Effect on children Specialists/Childrearing
Popularity of child actor/actresses: Shirley Temple, Mickey Rooney, Judy Garland
Education
Progressive education
Criticism:
“Lollypops vs Learning”
“Education for Victory”
Depression/WWII (1930-1945): Effect on Adolescents:
Depression/WWII (1930-1945): Effect on Adolescents Culture
Jitterbug/swing music
“Filiarchy” – rule by the young
Invention of a “teenager”
“Canteens”
1944 – “Seventeen” magazine