logging in or signing up finalPerception Julie Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 353 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: November 05, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: leslie_pogs (34 month(s) ago) hello there...can i ask a copy of this very nice presentation of yours??..thank you ahead.....just email me at : leslie_pogs@yahoo.com.ph Saving..... Post Reply Close By: kanaklatasinha (6 month(s) ago) a wonderfull understanding obout perception please i need this email me at kanaklata.7@gmail.com Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: 044500 (40 month(s) ago) This is great also i need it in my study. Can send it to my e-mail? tq. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Perception and Communication: Perception and Communication Lecture by Derek R. Lane Adapted from Alan D. DeSantis January 26, 2005 Perception: Perception I know that you believe you understand what you think I said, but, I am not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.Preview: Preview Perception defined Influences of perception Four stages of perception Pitfalls to accurate perception Perception Defined: Perception Defined The process by which we become aware of objects and events in the external world. The process of making sense of the world around us. Many people ignore the fact that all of us are different and that these differences equip us to view the world from our very own vantage points. Usually we spend more energy defending our own position than understanding others. Where does the triangle begin?Influences on Perception: Influences on Perception Physiological (biological, neurological) Influences Senses, age, health, fatigue, hunger, biological cycles Social Influences Cultural Differences Nonverbal behaviors, odors, speech, silence, space Social Roles Sex roles, gender roles, occupational roles Self-Concept Self-esteem, locus of control, attribution (attaching meaning to behavior) Perception: Perception Perception is the process of making sense of the world around us Also called informational or cognitive processing Perception is influenced by two factors: Biological/Neurological—How we are hardwired Universal to all humans Social—The different social influences in our lives Differs in all humans (men vs. women; US vs. Japan; 12th vs. 21st Century) It is important we understand this process if we are to become smart, competent communicators It is the “thing” that happens before we even open our mouths There are four stages of perception (if we could slow it down for examination) Stage 1: Selection: Stage 1: Selection Life is a process of selecting information/data We are confronted with millions of pieces of stimuli each day (1,500 advertisements alone) Factors That Influence Our Selection A. Interest (College Basketball, Movies, Music) B. Need (lectures, traffic lights, buying 1st car) C. Aesthetics (noise, movement, color) What advertisers, marketers, & designers do D. Biology (sensation seeking, ADHD, circadian rhythms) Sesame St. Syndrome Educators competing with the media—and losing Bad ElmoStage 2: Organization: Stage 2: Organization To eliminate the chaos of life (entropy) and help make sense of the world, we simplify and reduce our world We put our “selected” data in cognitive “folders” Also called: Schematas or Cognitive Frameworks Three Principles of Organization: A) Binary Opposition (all things in pairs) male/female, short/tall, white/black, good/bad B) Already formed social categories 101 students, sorority sisters, UK basketball players, Italians C) We also organize by similarities size (big buildings), color (things that are purple), space (things from Hawaii), smell (things that make us hungry), function (computer, phone, TV, DVD, VCR, CD player, pager, palm) Halloween LabsSlide18: How many Fs?Slide28: A Duck . . . Or a Rabbit?Stage 3 Interpretation/Comprehension: Stage 3 Interpretation/Comprehension Next, we have to Evaluate the data in our folders Larger files (more complete and accurate) Smaller files (simplistic and underdeveloped) Our Comfort Zone: Not Comfortable with New or Small Folders We like our old, Big Folders (Basketball) and avoid our small, underdeveloped folders (Sra Lanka) College Forces Us To Make New Folders Researchers now think that this is the reason for racism and prejudice All that we know about Italians we have learned from Mafia Movies, Dr. DeSantis, and the Olive Garden. Wonder WomanYoung, or old?: Young, or old?Young, or old?: Young, or old?Slide34: Native American . . . Or Eskimo?Slide35: Which line is longer? A BSlide36: Perfect Circle?Slide37: 1 2 3 4 5Slide38: 1 2 3 4 5Count the black dots . . .: Count the black dots . . .Ladder up… or down?: Ladder up… or down?Which way is water flowing?: Which way is water flowing?Stage 4 Retention and Memory: Stage 4 Retention and Memory We Don’t Retain All We Select! Photographic Memory & Hypnosis (still not perfect) Factors That Influence Long-term Memory A) Recency of Time (today vs. 10 years from now) B) Frequency of Use (628-2254, names, TV channels) C) Importance (test information, PIN number, anniversary) D) Emotional Connection (1st kiss,, wedding) E) Weirdness/Uniqueness (sumo wrestlers, 500 lbs. Dancer, Tool Videos) A boy & his dogPitfalls to Accurate Perception: Pitfalls to Accurate Perception “I love the Yankees”Pitfalls to Perception: Pitfalls to Perception As much as we wish our minds (and the process of perception) were perfect, they are not Ask the police at a crime scene or ex-lovers reflecting on “what went wrong” Some of our mistakes, however, are due to our “biological brain” playing tricks on us (below the level of consciousness) If we know what they are, we can prevent them! There are 5 major “biological” pitfalls: Life After Politics1) Impressions of Others: 1) Impressions of Others A) First Impressions of others 1st impressions overwhelm 2nd & 3rd They tend to taint the rest of the interaction (for the better or worse) Dougherty (1994) Job Interview Research Start strong is what matters!! B) Negative Impressions of others When people are aware of both positive and negative qualities, we tend to be more influenced by the negative “Bob is handsome, hardworking, intelligent and honest. He’s also conceited” Did you keep Bob’s negative quality in perspective? 4 to 1 ratio! Kellermann (1989) Study: Interviewers were likely to reject candidates who revealed any negative info2) Halo & Devil Effect: 2) Halo & Devil Effect A) We select the first (positive or negative) “obvious” or “dominant” characteristic of a person Physical appearance, weight, personality, wealth, clothing, regional accent, race, large nose, glasses, nice shoes, etc. B) We then assign “accompanying” positive or negative traits to that person (that they have not earned) Halo--Attractive People: smart, happy, rich, honest Devil--Unattractive People: dumb, poor, dishonest C) Problem: We unfairly punish some while rewarding others simply due to one dominant trait we happen to notice3) Selective Processes: 3) Selective Processes The mind likes consistency, simplicity, & balance. Any information that could “disrupt the peace” is seen as dangerous. Ergo, the brain tries to restore balance: A. Selective Exposure We attend to messages that are in accord with our already-held attitudes (conservative talk radio) And avoid dissonance from other ideas B. Selective Retention We remember what is consistent with pre-existing attitudes and interests C. Selective Perception We mentally recast messages so that they are inline with our beliefs and attitudes Classic Study by Allport and Postman in 19454) Primary (first things) & Recency (last things) Theory: 4) Primary (first things) & Recency (last things) Theory The mind privileges things that come first and last in a set, list, or encounter Job Interviews (never get stuck in the middle) Beauty Pageants & Talent Contests e.g. Greek Sing (statistics show bookends are more likely win) Spelling Lists (the top & bottom are easy) Movies (intros & conclusions stay with us) Human Encounters (see pitfall #1)5) Self-Serving Bias (AKA Fundamental Attribution Error): 5) Self-Serving Bias (AKA Fundamental Attribution Error) We alter our interpretations to favor ourselves & to “cheat” others: Your Test Grade: When we do well, it is because of internal factors I worked hard--I’m smart When we do poorly, it is because of external factors Your professor hates you Others Test Grade: When others do well, it is because of external factors They got lucky--They were given special treatment When others do bad, it is because of internal factors They are stupid and lazy5) Cont. Self-Serving Bias: 5) Cont. Self-Serving Bias Rating Ourselves: 1) 95% of men believe = 50% athletic 2) 90% of Americans believe = 50% attractive 3) American High School students believe = Best at Math & Science The joys of parenthoodSummary: Summary Perception defined Influences of perception Four stages of perception Pitfalls to accurate perception Have A Great Day!!!!: Have A Great Day!!!! You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
finalPerception Julie Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 353 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: November 05, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: leslie_pogs (34 month(s) ago) hello there...can i ask a copy of this very nice presentation of yours??..thank you ahead.....just email me at : leslie_pogs@yahoo.com.ph Saving..... Post Reply Close By: kanaklatasinha (6 month(s) ago) a wonderfull understanding obout perception please i need this email me at kanaklata.7@gmail.com Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: 044500 (40 month(s) ago) This is great also i need it in my study. Can send it to my e-mail? tq. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Perception and Communication: Perception and Communication Lecture by Derek R. Lane Adapted from Alan D. DeSantis January 26, 2005 Perception: Perception I know that you believe you understand what you think I said, but, I am not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.Preview: Preview Perception defined Influences of perception Four stages of perception Pitfalls to accurate perception Perception Defined: Perception Defined The process by which we become aware of objects and events in the external world. The process of making sense of the world around us. Many people ignore the fact that all of us are different and that these differences equip us to view the world from our very own vantage points. Usually we spend more energy defending our own position than understanding others. Where does the triangle begin?Influences on Perception: Influences on Perception Physiological (biological, neurological) Influences Senses, age, health, fatigue, hunger, biological cycles Social Influences Cultural Differences Nonverbal behaviors, odors, speech, silence, space Social Roles Sex roles, gender roles, occupational roles Self-Concept Self-esteem, locus of control, attribution (attaching meaning to behavior) Perception: Perception Perception is the process of making sense of the world around us Also called informational or cognitive processing Perception is influenced by two factors: Biological/Neurological—How we are hardwired Universal to all humans Social—The different social influences in our lives Differs in all humans (men vs. women; US vs. Japan; 12th vs. 21st Century) It is important we understand this process if we are to become smart, competent communicators It is the “thing” that happens before we even open our mouths There are four stages of perception (if we could slow it down for examination) Stage 1: Selection: Stage 1: Selection Life is a process of selecting information/data We are confronted with millions of pieces of stimuli each day (1,500 advertisements alone) Factors That Influence Our Selection A. Interest (College Basketball, Movies, Music) B. Need (lectures, traffic lights, buying 1st car) C. Aesthetics (noise, movement, color) What advertisers, marketers, & designers do D. Biology (sensation seeking, ADHD, circadian rhythms) Sesame St. Syndrome Educators competing with the media—and losing Bad ElmoStage 2: Organization: Stage 2: Organization To eliminate the chaos of life (entropy) and help make sense of the world, we simplify and reduce our world We put our “selected” data in cognitive “folders” Also called: Schematas or Cognitive Frameworks Three Principles of Organization: A) Binary Opposition (all things in pairs) male/female, short/tall, white/black, good/bad B) Already formed social categories 101 students, sorority sisters, UK basketball players, Italians C) We also organize by similarities size (big buildings), color (things that are purple), space (things from Hawaii), smell (things that make us hungry), function (computer, phone, TV, DVD, VCR, CD player, pager, palm) Halloween LabsSlide18: How many Fs?Slide28: A Duck . . . Or a Rabbit?Stage 3 Interpretation/Comprehension: Stage 3 Interpretation/Comprehension Next, we have to Evaluate the data in our folders Larger files (more complete and accurate) Smaller files (simplistic and underdeveloped) Our Comfort Zone: Not Comfortable with New or Small Folders We like our old, Big Folders (Basketball) and avoid our small, underdeveloped folders (Sra Lanka) College Forces Us To Make New Folders Researchers now think that this is the reason for racism and prejudice All that we know about Italians we have learned from Mafia Movies, Dr. DeSantis, and the Olive Garden. Wonder WomanYoung, or old?: Young, or old?Young, or old?: Young, or old?Slide34: Native American . . . Or Eskimo?Slide35: Which line is longer? A BSlide36: Perfect Circle?Slide37: 1 2 3 4 5Slide38: 1 2 3 4 5Count the black dots . . .: Count the black dots . . .Ladder up… or down?: Ladder up… or down?Which way is water flowing?: Which way is water flowing?Stage 4 Retention and Memory: Stage 4 Retention and Memory We Don’t Retain All We Select! Photographic Memory & Hypnosis (still not perfect) Factors That Influence Long-term Memory A) Recency of Time (today vs. 10 years from now) B) Frequency of Use (628-2254, names, TV channels) C) Importance (test information, PIN number, anniversary) D) Emotional Connection (1st kiss,, wedding) E) Weirdness/Uniqueness (sumo wrestlers, 500 lbs. Dancer, Tool Videos) A boy & his dogPitfalls to Accurate Perception: Pitfalls to Accurate Perception “I love the Yankees”Pitfalls to Perception: Pitfalls to Perception As much as we wish our minds (and the process of perception) were perfect, they are not Ask the police at a crime scene or ex-lovers reflecting on “what went wrong” Some of our mistakes, however, are due to our “biological brain” playing tricks on us (below the level of consciousness) If we know what they are, we can prevent them! There are 5 major “biological” pitfalls: Life After Politics1) Impressions of Others: 1) Impressions of Others A) First Impressions of others 1st impressions overwhelm 2nd & 3rd They tend to taint the rest of the interaction (for the better or worse) Dougherty (1994) Job Interview Research Start strong is what matters!! B) Negative Impressions of others When people are aware of both positive and negative qualities, we tend to be more influenced by the negative “Bob is handsome, hardworking, intelligent and honest. He’s also conceited” Did you keep Bob’s negative quality in perspective? 4 to 1 ratio! Kellermann (1989) Study: Interviewers were likely to reject candidates who revealed any negative info2) Halo & Devil Effect: 2) Halo & Devil Effect A) We select the first (positive or negative) “obvious” or “dominant” characteristic of a person Physical appearance, weight, personality, wealth, clothing, regional accent, race, large nose, glasses, nice shoes, etc. B) We then assign “accompanying” positive or negative traits to that person (that they have not earned) Halo--Attractive People: smart, happy, rich, honest Devil--Unattractive People: dumb, poor, dishonest C) Problem: We unfairly punish some while rewarding others simply due to one dominant trait we happen to notice3) Selective Processes: 3) Selective Processes The mind likes consistency, simplicity, & balance. Any information that could “disrupt the peace” is seen as dangerous. Ergo, the brain tries to restore balance: A. Selective Exposure We attend to messages that are in accord with our already-held attitudes (conservative talk radio) And avoid dissonance from other ideas B. Selective Retention We remember what is consistent with pre-existing attitudes and interests C. Selective Perception We mentally recast messages so that they are inline with our beliefs and attitudes Classic Study by Allport and Postman in 19454) Primary (first things) & Recency (last things) Theory: 4) Primary (first things) & Recency (last things) Theory The mind privileges things that come first and last in a set, list, or encounter Job Interviews (never get stuck in the middle) Beauty Pageants & Talent Contests e.g. Greek Sing (statistics show bookends are more likely win) Spelling Lists (the top & bottom are easy) Movies (intros & conclusions stay with us) Human Encounters (see pitfall #1)5) Self-Serving Bias (AKA Fundamental Attribution Error): 5) Self-Serving Bias (AKA Fundamental Attribution Error) We alter our interpretations to favor ourselves & to “cheat” others: Your Test Grade: When we do well, it is because of internal factors I worked hard--I’m smart When we do poorly, it is because of external factors Your professor hates you Others Test Grade: When others do well, it is because of external factors They got lucky--They were given special treatment When others do bad, it is because of internal factors They are stupid and lazy5) Cont. Self-Serving Bias: 5) Cont. Self-Serving Bias Rating Ourselves: 1) 95% of men believe = 50% athletic 2) 90% of Americans believe = 50% attractive 3) American High School students believe = Best at Math & Science The joys of parenthoodSummary: Summary Perception defined Influences of perception Four stages of perception Pitfalls to accurate perception Have A Great Day!!!!: Have A Great Day!!!!