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ENC 1101: 

ENC 1101 Introduction to College Writing

Course format: 

Course format * 1 hour of weekly live lecture * Professor Jane Douglas provides lecture * Teaching Assistants provide two hours of weekly classroom discussions * TAs grade all assignments * TAs assign all papers/deadlines

Overview of Course: 

Overview of Course * Stylistics--ten steps for writing with maximum clarity, efficiency, and effectiveness * Review of grammar, punctuation, usage * Fundamentals of argumentation

Overview of Course: 

Overview of Course * Three required textbooks: Joseph Williams, Style: The Basics of Clarity and Grace Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer, Good Reasons with Contemporary Arguments: Reading, Designing, and Writing Effective Arguments

Overview of Course: 

Overview of Course Lester Faigley, The Brief Penguin Handbook All texts available from Goerings Bookstore 1717 NW 1st Avenue Books are $7-$9 less expensive at Goerings than at University bookstore

Four C’s: 

Four C’s * Clarity: choice of words, arrangement of words in sentence * Cohesion: how sentences hang together * Coherence: organizational structure of paragraph * Concision: avoiding redundancies

Basic grammatical terms: 

Basic grammatical terms * Basic grammatical terms - Noun = person, place, thing - Verb = actions, states of mind, occurrences, states of being

Basic Grammatical Terms: 

Basic Grammatical Terms * Pronouns= substitutes for nouns I, you, he, she, we those, this, that what, that, which

Basic Grammatical Terms: 

Basic Grammatical Terms * Clause = grammatical structure that makes up a sentence. - All clauses have a subject and verb - Subject = main noun in a clause

For example...: 

For example... The pumps were destroyed by a surge of power.

For example...: 

For example... noun verb The pumps were destroyed by a surge of power.

For example...: 

For example... subject verb The pumps were destroyed by a surge of power. independent clause

For example...: 

For example... The land was stripped of timber before the settlers realized the consequences of their actions.

For example...: 

For example... noun verb The land was stripped of timber before the settlers realized the consequences of their actions.

For example...: 

For example... subject verb The land was stripped of timber before the settlers realized the consequences of their actions. independent/ dependent main clause clause

For example...: 

For example... The land was stripped of timber before the settlers realized the consequences of their actions. main clause dependent clause

For example...: 

For example... The land was stripped of timber can stand by itself and still make sense

For example...: 

For example... The land was stripped of timber before the settlers realized the consequences of their actions. cannot stand by itself and still make sense

Basic Grammatical Terms: 

Basic Grammatical Terms * Active construction - Action flows from front of sentence to back - Action represents the chronological order of events

Basic Grammatical Terms: 

Basic Grammatical Terms * Active construction: - I tossed the bat. subject verb object of action - The partners closed the branch.

Basic Grammatical Terms: 

Basic Grammatical Terms * Passive construction - Action flows from back of sentence to front - Inverts chronological order of events

Basic Grammatical Terms: 

Basic Grammatical Terms - The bat was tossed by me. subject verb object of action - This branch was closed by the partners.

Clarity: 

Clarity * Active sentences are easier to read and recall * Active sentences present a narrative--an actor performing an action. * Active sentences are more efficient.

Clarity 1: 

Clarity 1 * Golden Rule 1: Prefer active construction to passive.

Clarity 1: 

Clarity 1 * How can you tell if a sentence is passive? - The “Who is doing the —ing here?” test - The verb is always passive - The originator of the action isn’t the grammatical subject

Clarity 1: 

Clarity 1 * To make a passive sentence active: - Locate the actor who created the action - If the sentence lacks an actor, create one.

Who’s Doing What?: 

Who’s Doing What? 1. My precious iPod was hurled out the window by my thoroughly irate mother. 2. The dogs were all sheepishly herded around by a pair of aggressive geese because the geese were constantly in attack mode.

Who’s Doing What?: 

Who’s Doing What? 1. My precious iPod was hurled out the window by my thoroughly irate mother. 2. The dogs were all sheepishly herded around by a pair of aggressive geese because the geese were constantly in attack mode.

What’s the fix?: 

What’s the fix? 1. My mother hurled my precious iPod out the window. 2. A pair of aggressive geese herded the sheepish dogs around the farm because the geese were constantly in attack mode.

What about that were?: 

What about that were? 1. My mother hurled my precious iPod out the window. 2. A pair of aggressive geese herded the sheepish dogs herded around the farm because the geese were constantly in attack mode.

Remember:: 

Remember: * A passive verb doesn’t always mean a sentence is passive. * Always use the “who is doing the _____ing here?” test to determine if a sentence is active or passive.

Clarity 1: 

Clarity 1 * Example: Errors were made by Florida voters on the butterfly ballot. - Who did the making here? - Voters.

Clarity 1: 

Clarity 1 Florida voters made errors on the butterfly ballot.

Clarity 1: 

Clarity 1 Example: The crash was heard by everyone in the neighborhood. - Who’s doing the hearing? - Everyone in the neighborhood.

Clarity 1: 

Clarity 1 Everyone in the neighborhood heard the crash.

Clarity 2: 

Clarity 2 * Golden Rule 2: Make your verbs portray action whenever possible. Active verbs = concrete actions Passive verbs = states of being

Clarity Principle 2: 

Clarity Principle 2 Active verbs: run, leap, put, write, create, manage, shut, loan, deserves, perform, placate, study, lack, resist, request

Clarity Principle 2: 

Clarity Principle 2 Passive verbs: be (is, was, were), have (has)

In the next week:: 

In the next week: * Sensitize yourself to passive construction. * When you see passive construction, try mentally rewriting those sentences to make them active.

In Summary...: 

In Summary... * Clarity Principle 1: Prefer active construction to passive construction. * Clarity Principle 2: Make verbs portray action whenever possible.

For practice...: 

For practice... * Identify passive construction in sentences. * Mentally revise some of these sentences. * Substitute active verbs for the passive verbs you see. * Ensure you know the difference between active and passive construction.

Reading:: 

Reading: More on basic grammatical terms: Penguin Brief Handbook, Chapter 32, pp. 369-381 Read about common errors: Style: Chapter 2, pp.7-24

Reading:: 

Reading: Read details of argumentation: - Good Reasons, Chapter 1, pp. 5-28