Management Information SystemsCourse SyllabusFall 2003諶家蘭: Management Information Systems Course Syllabus Fall 2003 諶家蘭


Slide8: 1 Laudon & Laudon 8e: MANAGING THE DIGITAL FIRM 諶家蘭 Chapter


Slide9: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS? Four powerful worldwide changes that have altered the business environment: Emergence of the Global Economy Transformation of Industrial Economies Transformation of the Business Enterprise The Emerging Digital Firm


Slide10: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS? Emergence of the Global Economy Management and control in a global marketplace Competition in world markets Global work groups Global delivery systems The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm


Slide11: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS? Transformation of Industrial Economies Knowledge- and information-based economies Productivity New products and services Knowledge: a central productive and strategic asset The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm


Slide12: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS? Transformation of Industrial Economies Time-based competition Shorter product life Turbulent environment Limited employee knowledge base The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm


Slide13: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Figure 1-1 Labor Force Composition 1900-2000 WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS? 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 Labor Force Composition 1900-2000 1960 1970 1980 1997 2000 Year


Slide14: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS? Transformation of the Business Enterprise Flattening Decentralization Flexibility Location independence Low transaction and coordination costs Empowerment Collaborative work and teamwork The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm


Slide15: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS? Emergence of the Digital Firm Digitally-enabled relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees Core business processes accomplished via digital networks Digital management of key corporate assets Rapid sensing and responding to environmental changes The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm


Slide16: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS? 4 Major Systems Defining the Digital Firm Supply chain management systems Customer relationship management systems Enterprise systems Knowledge management systems The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm


Slide17: A set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm What Is an Information System? WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide18: Data: Streams of raw facts representing events such as business transactions Information: Clusters of facts that are meaningful and useful to human beings in the processes such as making decisions Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm What Is an Information System? WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide19: INPUT OUTPUT PROCESS Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Activities in an Information System WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide20: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Functions of an Information System WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide21: Rely on computer hardware and software Processing and disseminating information Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Computer-Based Information System (CBIS) WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide22: Fixed definitions of data, procedures Collecting, storing, processing, disseminating, using data Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Formal Systems WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide23: An organizational and management solution based on information technology to a challenge posed by the environment An important instrument for creating value for the organization Stages in the business information value chain add value to information Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm A Business Perspective on Information Systems WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide24: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Business Processes Information Processing Activities Business Value Management Activities Supply Chain Management Enterprise Management Customer Management Knowledge Management Data Collection and Storage Transformation Into Business Systems Dissemination Planning Coordinating Controlling Modeling and Decision Making Firm Profitability and Strategic Position Figure 1-4 WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide25: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Information Systems Figure 1-5 WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide26: Information systems literacy: Broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems and technical knowledge about computers. Computer literacy: Knowledge about information technology, focusing on understanding how computer-based technologies work Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm A Business Perspective on Information Systems WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide27: Sales and marketing Manufacturing Finance Accounting Human resources Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Major Business Functions WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide28: Key Elements: People: Managers, knowledge workers, data workers, production or service workers Structure: Organization chart , groups of specialists, products, geography Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Organizations WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide29: Operating procedures: Standard operating procedures (SOP, rules for action) Politics: Power to persuade, get things done Culture: Customs of behavior Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Organizations WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide30: Levels: Senior managers: make long-range strategic decisions about products and services Middle managers: Carry out the programs and plans of senior management Operational managers: monitor the firm’s daily activities Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Management WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide31: Tools managers use to cope with change Hardware: Physical equipment Software: Detailed preprogrammed instructions Storage: Physical media for storing data and the software Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Computer Technology WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide32: Communications Technology: transfers data from one physical location to another Networks: link computers to share data or resources Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Computer Technology WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?


Slide33: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS Figure 1-6


Slide34: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM The Interdependence Between Organizations and Information Systems Figure 1-8


Slide35: 1950s: Technical changes 1960s-70s: Managerial controls 1980s-90s: Institutional core activities Today: Digital information webs extending beyond the enterprise Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM The Widening Scope of Information Systems


Slide36: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM The Widening Scope of Information Systems


Slide37: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM Flattening Organizations & Information Systems


Slide38: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Redesigned Work Flow For Insurance Underwriting TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM


Slide39: Electronic commerce Electronic business Digital market: Information systems links, buyers and sellers to exchange information, products, services, payments Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM The Digital Firm


Slide40: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM Figure 1-12


Slide41: Internet links buyers, sellers Lower transaction costs Goods and services advertised, bought, exchanged worldwide Business-to-business transactions increasing Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM Electronic Commerce


Slide42: Electronic Business: Executing all the firm’s business processes with Internet technology Intranet: Business builds private, secure network based on Internet technology Extranet: Extension of intranet to authorized external users Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Electronic Business TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM


Slide43: Management Information Systems 8/e Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Information Architecture and Information Technology Infrastructure TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM Figure 1-13


Slide44: Knowledge Economy and Information Technology The Changing Terms since 1990s New Economy Digital Economy Information Economy Knowledge Economy The Unchanging Definitions since 1990s The new economy is an economy that is fueled by technology, driven by entrepreneurship and innovation. The new economy moves from an economy of using hands to using heads then to using hearts. For the last two hundred years, neo-classical economics has recognized only two factors of production: labor and capital. This is now changing. Information and knowledge are replacing capital and energy as the primary wealth-creating assets, just as the latter two replaced land and labor 200 years ago. Technology and knowledge are now the key factors of production. With increased mobility of information and the global work force, knowledge and expertise can be transported instantaneously around the world, and any advantage gained by one company can be eliminated by competitive improvements overnight. The only comparative advantage a company will enjoy will be its process of innovation--combining market and technology know-how with the creative talents of knowledge workers to solve a constant stream of competitive problems--and its ability to derive value from information. We are now an information society in a knowledge economy.


Slide45: 1 Turban’s Perspectives


Table 1.1 Major Capabilities of Information Systems: Table 1.1 Major Capabilities of Information Systems Perform high speed, high volume, numerical computations. Provide fast, accurate, and inexpensive communication within and between organizations. Store huge amounts of information in any easy to access, yet small space. Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amount of information worldwide. Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of people working in groups in one place or in several locations. Vividly present information that challenges the human mind. Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manually done tasks. Speed typing and editing. Can be wireless, thus supporting unique applications. Accomplish all of the above much less expensively than when done manually.


Table 1.3 Major Technological Developments and Trends: Table 1.3 Major Technological Developments and Trends General The cost performance advantage of computers over manual labor will increase. Graphical and other user friendly interfaces will dominate PCs. Storage capacity will increase dramatically. Data warehouses will store ever increasing amounts of information. Multimedia use including virtual reality will increase significantly. Intelligent systems, especially artificial neural computing and expert systems, will increase in importance. The use of intelligent agents will make computers smarter. Object oriented programming and document management will be widely accepted. Computers will be increasingly compact. The use of plug and play software will increase.


Table 1.3 Major Technological Developments and Trends (cont’d): Table 1.3 Major Technological Developments and Trends (cont’d) Networked computing Optical computing will increase network capacity and speed, facilitating the use of in the Internet. Computers will be smaller more portable. Mobile and wireless applications will become a major component of IT. Home computing will be integrated with the telephone, television, and other electronic services to create smart appliances. The use of the Internet will grow and it will change the way we live, work, and learn. Corporate portals will connect companies with their employees, business partners, and the public. Intranets will be the dominating network systems in most organizations. Electronic commerce will grow rapidly, changing the manner in which business is conducted. Intelligent software agents will roam through databases and networks, conducting time consuming tasks for their masters. Interpersonal transmission will grow, one to one, one to many, many to many. More transactions among organizations will be conducted electronically in what is called business to business commerce.


Slide50: 1 Applegate’s Perspectives


Theme 1: Market Structure and Industry Dynamics: Theme 1: Market Structure and Industry Dynamics As 21st century IT expands processing capacity, enables convergence of voice, video, and data, encourages real time transactions and interactivity, and dramatically increases connectivity and access, we are confronted with new choices for designing and building industries, markets, and organizations.


Theme 2: Evolving Business Models: Theme 2: Evolving Business Models The business models that dominated the Industrial Economy are evolving to take advantage of the capabilities of the new technologies and business practices of the Network Economy, giving rise to new sources of power and differentiation.


Theme 3: IT Impact: Theme 3: IT Impact The types of opportunities pursued and the technology employed strongly influence the approach taken to developing, operating, and managing IT.


Theme 4: Prioritizing IT Investments: Theme 4: Prioritizing IT Investments As IT infrastructure becomes more standardized, modular, and scalable, we see a shift in IT investment priorities and decisions from a cost avoidance, project centered approach to an asset based, strategic option approach.


Theme 5: Assimilation and Organizational Learning: Theme 5: Assimilation and Organizational Learning The time required for successful organizational learning and assimilation of rapidly changing technologies limits the practical speed of change.


Theme 6: Buy versus Make: Theme 6: Buy versus Make External industry, internal organizational, and technological changes are increasing the pressure on organizations to buy rather than make IT applications and services.


Theme 7: Partnership among Key Constituencies as IT Evolves: Theme 7: Partnership among Key Constituencies as IT Evolves The ability to exploit 21st century technology successfully demands high levels of engagement and cooperation among four key constituencies: business executives, IT executives, users, and technology providers and partners.


Theme 8: Protecting IT Assets and Managing Risks: Theme 8: Protecting IT Assets and Managing Risks The ability to ensure high levels of security, privacy, reliability, and availability is a core capability that determines an organization’s ultimate success and survival.


Theme 9: Pervasive Computing: Opportunities and Risks: Theme 9: Pervasive Computing: Opportunities and Risks Over the past decade there has been a fundamental shift in IT that has dramatically changed the way people access and use technology, the way organizations exploit it, and the way it is developed and managed.