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EPA NAQC 2005 San Francisco, CA: 

EPA NAQC 2005 San Francisco, CA From Nanograms to Milligrams: The Aethalometer™ AE-90 for direct Tailpipe Emissions Measurement of Carbonaceous Aerosol Particles Tony Hansen Magee Scientific Company Berkeley, CA

Diesel Exhaust - Listed Air Toxic: 

Diesel Exhaust - Listed Air Toxic Toxic Components : Specific Compounds require Specific Chemical Analyses Accompanying components may permit more rapid detection by optical means: Black Soot and UV-Absorbing Material

Analytical Premise: 

Analytical Premise Optically-absorbing material is a surrogate tracer for diesel exhaust. “Black” carbon (‘BC’, ‘EC’) “UV-absorbing material” (‘UVPM’) Optical analysis is fast, sensitive, can be performed in real time or on filter samples.

Analytical Method - Optical Absorption: 

Analytical Method - Optical Absorption

Optical vs. chemical analyses: 

Optical vs. chemical analyses “Harvard 6 Cities Study”

Analytical Instrument : Aethalometer™: 

Analytical Instrument : Aethalometer™ While continuously collecting sample, measures optical absorption in real time at 2 wavelengths (880 nm and 370 nm UV) Converts optical absorption to mass concentration of BC and UVPM Real-time data: 1 second / 1 minute / 1 hour

Analytical Instrument : Aethalometer™: 

Analytical Instrument : Aethalometer™ 19-inch rack mount model

“Portable” Aethalometer™: 

“Portable” Aethalometer™ Battery-powered: 1-, 2- or 7-wave optics

Diesel indoors: truck in exhibition hall: 

Diesel indoors: truck in exhibition hall

A Diesel Repair Garage … in Antarctica: 

A Diesel Repair Garage … in Antarctica

Bus Yard Exhaust - community impact: 

Bus Yard Exhaust - community impact

On The Bus in Boston: 

On The Bus in Boston

On The Train in Boston: 

On The Train in Boston

Direct Tailpipe Emissions Analysis: 

Direct Tailpipe Emissions Analysis The Need: On-the-spot analysis for tailpipe BC & UV The Problem: Concentrations are too high for analysis based on continuous collection

New Instrument: Aethalometer “Tailpipe Tester”: 

New Instrument: Aethalometer “Tailpipe Tester” Model ‘AE90’: Constructed in same chassis, identical optical analysis

Methodology:: 

Methodology: Pull sample continuously through heated probe inserted into tailpipe. Bypass internally until ready for data. Switch sample stream through filter spot for a few seconds only. After collection, dry with warm filtered air. Perform optical analysis ‘on the spot’.

Results : 3 to 15 mg/m3: 

Results : 3 to 15 mg/m3

Results : 10 to 50 mg/m3: 

Results : 10 to 50 mg/m3 AE90 prototype ‘tailpipe’ Aethalometer BC (ug/m3) Diesel 3 Diesel 2: Higher idle, Load applied Successive Individual Measurements

Applications: Captive fleet testing: 

Applications: Captive fleet testing Identify ‘High Emitters’ for remedial action Test effectiveness of engine tune-up: reduce source strength at exhaust manifold Test effectiveness of emissions reduction equipment (filters, catalytic converters etc.) reduce final emissions from tailpipe

Applications: on-road vehicles: 

Applications: on-road vehicles Spot checks - identify ‘High Emitters’ Response to complaints Test trucks at highway inspection stations Routine vehicle testing for annual certification

Applications: Engine Manufacturers: 

Applications: Engine Manufacturers Engine R&D testbed measurements Real-time response to changing engine operation conditions Test effectiveness of fuel additives or downstream emissions clean-up devices

Summary: 

Summary Black Carbon and UV-Absorbing Carbon are good surrogates for diesel exhaust. The ‘Tailpipe Tester’ AE-90 Aethalometer uses the established optical analysis method to measure BC and UVPM directly in the exhaust stream, ‘on the spot’.

Acknowledgments: 

Acknowledgments Harvard School of Public Health National Institute of Chemistry, Slovenia For further information: www . mageesci . com