America as a World Power: America as a World Power United States History Schagrin January 29th, 2007


Objectives: Objectives Who fought against who in the Russo-Japanese War? What were they fighting about? Who wins? What were the terms of the Portsmouth Negotiations? What do these negotiations show about the United States as a World Power? Why did the United States believe a canal in Central America was paramount for United States World Power? What major issue did construction workers encounter? How did the US government work to combat this issue? What made Panama’s geography so difficult for the Canal’s construction? Describe the relations in the 1960s between Panama and the United States. What was the Roosevelt Corollary? What document was it similar too? What country do we occupy in 1911 under the Corollary? What is dollar diplomacy? What president uses it?


Teddy Roosevelt…: Teddy Roosevelt… Russo-Japanese War Portsmouth Negotiations Panama Canal Possibly the greatest engineering feat of the time Roosevelt Corollary Euro out of the W.H. Allows for US intervention in L.A.


Russo-Japanese War: Russo-Japanese War Manchuria Korea Russia Japan


Russo-Japanese War: Russo-Japanese War Russia vs. Japan, over Manchuria territories and Korea Begins in 1904 with a Japanese surprise attack Ends in 1905 (Japan victorious) Japan had high demands (huge war debt) Treaty is negotiated by Teddy Roosevelt (Portsmouth) Manchuria and Korea No financial payments by Russia Korea becomes a colony of Japan Teddy wins the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906


Panama Canal: Panama Canal


Panama Canal: Panama Canal “Needed for American World Power status” Initially Congress debated between Nicaragua and Panama (at the time a Columbian Providence) The canal would greatly reduce travel time between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Economic and Military advantages US attempted negotiations with Columbia, which failed – organized a Panamanian Revolution Signed document similar to PLATT, allowed for complete US intervention, and Canal


French Explore the Canal first…: French Explore the Canal first… De Lesseps, who visited Panama once-during the dry season-had disregarded the warnings of men who knew Panama intimately. Now his crew discovered the real Panama-mile upon mile of impassable jungle, day upon day of torrential rain, insects, snakes, swamps, hellish heat, smallpox, malaria, yellow fever-and the Chagres River.


United States Approach: United States Approach Dr. William Gorgas, who had helped to eradicate yellow fever in Havana years before by killing the mosquitoes that carried it, directed sanitation efforts. Workers drained swamps, swept drainage ditches, paved roads and installed plumbing. They sprayed pesticides by the ton. Entire towns rose from the jungle, complete with housing, schools, churches, commissaries, and social halls.


Panama Canal Construction: Panama Canal Construction 10 years of construction 50 miles through the Isthmus 400 million dollars 5,600 workers died, 4,500 of whom were African Americans 1914 opened for business 1921, Congress would pay Columbia $25 million for the loss of territory


Panama Canal Construction: Panama Canal Construction


Panama Canal Construction: Panama Canal Construction


Panama Canal Construction: Panama Canal Construction


Panama Canal Construction: Panama Canal Construction


Panama Canal Construction: Panama Canal Construction


Teddy visits the Canal: Teddy visits the Canal


Panama Canal: Panama Canal


Panama Canal: Panama Canal


Panama / US Relations: Panama / US Relations Anger flared in the 1960s and led to anti-American riots. The U.S. and Panamanian governments began to work together to solve the territorial issue. In 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed a treaty which agreed to return 60% of the Canal Zone to Panama in 1979. The canal and remaining territory, known as the Canal Area, would be returned to Panama at noon (local Panama time) on December 31, 1999.


Roosevelt Corollary: Roosevelt Corollary “Speak softly and carry a big stick” Roosevelt Corollary is considered “Big Stick” Diplomacy Echoed that European powers must not intervene in Western Hemisphere, and also that disorder in the Western Hemisphere might “force the US … to the exercise of an international police power” We intervene in a Nicaraguan Revolution in 1911; sent military troops to keep peace Taft uses Dollar Diplomacy – US gives loans to keep other countries out of the area; loans backed by US government


Objectives: Objectives Who fought against who in the Russo-Japanese War? What were they fighting about? Who wins? What were the terms of the Portsmouth Negotiations? What do these negotiations show about the United States as a World Power? Why did the United States believe a canal in Central America was paramount for United States World Power? What major issue did construction workers encounter? How did the US government work to combat this issue? What made Panama’s geography so difficult for the Canal’s construction? Describe the relations in the 1960s between Panama and the United States. What was the Roosevelt Corollary? What document was it similar too? What country do we occupy in 1911 under the Corollary? What is dollar diplomacy? What president uses it?


Questions? : Questions?