Shakespeare

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Slide2: 

William Shakespeare's parents lived in Stratford-on-Avon. This means the city named Stratford and is placed by the river Avon. His mother’s name was Mary Arden and she came from a landowning family in the neighbourhood of Stratford. His father owned some land. In 1590 he is known to have owned two houses in Henely Street. One of them is shown to visitors as William Shakespeare’s birth place. There are civic documents that tell us that the father seems, on more than one occasion, to have been in debt.

Slide3: 

Williams parents probably married in 1557. His father died in 1601 and his mother in 1608. We don’t know exactly when Shakespeare was born. There are no document which tell us the date. What we do know is the fact that he was baptised on the 26th of April 1564. There is a mark in the register of Trinity Church at Stratford-on-Avon. We do not know so much more about his childhood. There are no records that he attended any of the schools in Stratford. But it seems likely, in view of his fathers position in town, that William attended the Stratford grammar school.

Slide4: 

His marriage, to a woman called Ann Hathaway, was contracted in haste, a special licence having obtained from the Bishop of Worchester on the 27th of November 1582. Seven months later, on the 26th of May 1583 the eldest daughter Susanna was born. She married a doctor in 1607, John Hall. He had been in practice at Stratford since 1600, it seems quite possible that Shakespeare got some knowledge of medicine, shown in Shakespeare’s plays from him In 1585 two other children were born to them, The twins Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet died as a small boy 1596. Judith died 1662. William and his wife probably lived apart during the years Shakespeare was active as an actor and dramatist, but he went back to live with his wife in 1611

Slide5: 

His career started around (roughly) 1590 and he was producing until 1610. When he stopped writing he had done 2 long poems 150 sonnets a few other poems 37 plays At the same time he was an actor and a part-owner of a theatrical company. In this time it was not so common with big theatres. Instead small companies travelled around the country and performed plays and read poems.

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Some of his famous plays are Romeo and Juliete A Midsummer Night’s dream Hamlet King Lear Macbeth As you like it The Merchant of Venice Othello There are few of the plays where the original manuscript is preserved. Most of the plays have been published after Shakespeare’s death.

Slide7: 

The plays that these companies performed was often satires of the persons who ruled the country. Not always mentioned with his or her name. Instead the writers of the plays used synonyms. They could also use descriptions so that no one could miss who they referred to. The companies was also often owned by a wealthy man. On example is The Earl of Leicester’s company. These wealthy families showed their fortune by having actors employed. They were there to entertain the wealthy family and their guests. One of these companies visited Stratford in 1587. Maybe it was then Shakespeare took his chance and followed them to London

Slide8: 

Some critics have since the middle of the nineteenth century tired to ascribing Shakespeare’s works to Francis Bacon and a number of other authors. These theories are not true. Today most people really believe that is was Shakespeare himself who wrote all the plays that bears his name. In the whole world there are only 8 original signatures from William Shakespeare left, and this is one of them.

Slide9: 

The famous theatre in London where Shakespeare is said to have performed his plays are called the Globe Theatre. The original building has burned down. This is a picture of how we today believe it looked like.

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Observe the stage in the middle of the building with the balconies around it. By this time women were forbidden to perform at stage so all the parts which required women was played by either boys or young men.

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Since a couple of years ago different groups have tried to rebuild the Globe Theatre. This picture shows the scene. As you can see it was much more open and no curtains as we are used to see in a theatre today.

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Shakespeare was buried at Stratford on the 25th of April 1616. He was then 52 years old and a quite wealthy man.

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Sonnets became popular around 1550. The way of writing came from Italy and it was introduced in England by a writer named Wyatt (1503-42) There are always 14 lines in a sonnet and it is divided into 3 quatrains. The sonnet often tells us about a beautiful woman and it glorifies her. When you read a sonnet you have to use your imagination. It is written with pictures.

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Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And everyfair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men canbreath, or eyes can see So long lives this, and this gives life tho thee 1609

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Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Shakespeare jämför sin älskade med sommaren. Hon är i den jämförelsen vackrare och mer ödmjuk än självaste sommaren. Sommaren är inte perfekt men hon är ännu bättre. Sommarens skönhet har ett för kort datum, den kommer att ta slut.

Slide17: 

Sonnet 18 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; Även om sommaren är härlig så kan dess skönhet ibland bli lite för mycket. Det kan vara så att solen, som är ögat på himlen, skiner för mycket och det blir för varmt. Ibland kan också den vara täckt med moln, detta gör att man inte kan se den men man vet ändå att den är där. Tredje raden berättat att även en vacker person upphör att vara vacker. Detta sker antingen genom en slump, /by chanc/, eller genom naturens gång.

Slide18: 

Sonnet 18 But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: Hennes eviga sommar = skönhet kommer inte att försvinna bort /shall not fade/. Hon kommer inte heller att förlora ägandet av sin skönhet. /nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st/. Hon kommer att åldras med behag och även en gammal kvinna kan vara vacker. Den sista raden anspelar på att det som är skrivet är evigt /eternal/ 1609

Slide19: 

Sonnet 18 So long as men can breath, or eyes can see So long lives this, and this gives life tho thee Så länge som människan kan andas och ögon kan se. Så länge lever denna dikt vidare, (det skrivna är evigt) och därigenom ger det liv till henne. Hon kommer aldrig att bi glömd. Evigt ihågkommen 1609

Slide20: 

Sonnet 130 In this sonnet Shakespeare makes fun of the traditional way of writing a sonnet. He does not compare his love to everything that is beautiful. Instead he tells us that she is an ordinary girl. 1609

Slide21: 

Sonnet 130 My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips’ red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow in her head. I have seen roses damasked, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground. And yet, bu heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. 1609

Slide22: 

Sonnet 130 My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips’ red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow in her head. Hennes ögon är inte som solen och korallröd är mer rött än hennes läppar. Om snön är vit så är hennes bröst är solkiga. Om hår är som linor, så växer det svarta linor på hennes huvud. 1609

Slide23: 

Sonnet 130 I have seen roses damasked, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. Han har sett damaskus´rosor och de är rosa. Men han har inte sett några sådana rosor på hennes kinder. Av detta kan man ana att hon kanske är lite blek. Vissa parfymer luktar bättre än i andedräkten, doften, från hans älskade 1609