SOLUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: GREEN CHEMISTRY : SOLUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: GREEN CHEMISTRY István T. Horváth
istvan.t.horvath@hit-team.net
Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University
Budapest, Hungary
www.hit-team.net
Slide2 : GREEN
Slide3 : CHEMISTRY IS GREAT AND WE WILL MAKE IT
BETTER
Given reasonable assumption concerning progress in the technology and the activities of a civilization, a sustainable civilization is one in which the net sum of the daily activities of the people who comprise it, individually and collectively, can be carried on into the indefinite future, without undermining the ability of future generations to leave with at least a comparably advantageous welfare. Collins, T. Science, 2001, 291, 48. : Given reasonable assumption concerning progress in the technology and the activities of a civilization, a sustainable civilization is one in which the net sum of the daily activities of the people who comprise it, individually and collectively, can be carried on into the indefinite future, without undermining the ability of future generations to leave with at least a comparably advantageous welfare. Collins, T. Science, 2001, 291, 48. A SUSTAINABLE CIVILIZATION Principle 1 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
(Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992)
Human beings are at the center of concerns for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature.
Slide5 : CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Production of carbon based consumer products from renewable resources
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Biomass Molecular level understanding of pollution prevention Replacement of fossil fuels for energy
Hydrogen economy (generation, storage, and transportation of H2)
Sustainable liquid (methanol, ethanol, etc.) economy
Slide8 : CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Production of carbon based consumer products from renewable resources
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Biomass Molecular level understanding of pollution prevention
Green chemistry Replacement of fossil fuels for energy
Hydrogen economy (generation, storage, and transportation of H2)
Sustainable liquid (methanol, ethanol, etc.) economy
Slide9 : WHAT IS GREEN CHEMISTRY? The chemistry of compounds that have green color. The chemistry of compounds that have been made or used by people that have last names Ms. or Mr. Green. The chemistry of compounds that have been made or used by Green political parties.
Slide10 : The challenge of sustainability will be met with new technologies that provide society with products we depend on in an environmentally responsible manner.
Anastas, P. T. & Kirchoff, M. M. Acc. Chem. Res. (special issue on Green Chemistry) 2002, 35, 686. Green chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products.
Anastas, P. T. & Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998. GREEN CHEMISTRY
Slide11 : SUSTAINABLE/GREEN CHEMISTRY
Green chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products.
1. It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is
formed.
2. Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation
of all materials used in the process into the final product.
3. Wherever practicable, synthetic methodologies should be designed to
use and generate substances that process little or no toxicity to
human health and the environment.
4. Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of
function while reducing toxicity.
5. The use of auxiliary substances (e.g. solvents, separation agents, etc.)
should be made unnecessary wherever possible and, innocuous when
used.
6. Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental
and economic impacts and should be minimized. Synthetic methods
should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.
Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998
Slide12 : SUSTAINABLE/GREEN CHEMISTRY
Green chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products.
7. A raw material of feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting
wherever technically and economically practicable.
8. Unnecessary derivatization (blocking group, protection/deprotection,
temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be
avoided whenever possible.
9. Catalysts (as selective as possible) are superior to reagents.
10. Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function
they do not persist in the environment and break down into innocuous
degradation products.
11. Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-
time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of
hazardous substances.
12. Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process
should be chosen so as to minimize the potential for chemical accidents,
including releases, explosion, and fires.
Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998
Slide13 : SUSTAINABLE/GREEN CHEMISTRY
Green chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products.
7. A raw material of feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting
wherever technically and economically practicable.
8. Unnecessary derivatization (blocking group, protection/deprotection,
temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be
avoided whenever possible.
9. Catalysts (as selective as possible) are superior to reagents.
10. Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function
they do not persist in the environment and break down into innocuous
degradation products.
11. Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-
time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of
hazardous substances.
12. Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process
should be chosen so as to minimize the potential for chemical accidents,
including releases, explosion, and fires.
Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998
WHY CATALYSIS? : WHY CATALYSIS?
Slide15 : WHY NOT!
Slide16 : „Because without catalysts
(e.g. enzymes) we would talk
very, very, very slowly!” Bob Waymouth in Budapest on September 7, 2005
Slide17 : SO WE NEED
CATALYSTS!
Slide18 : CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS
Chemistry n. (pl. –ies) 1 “the study of the elements and the compounds they form and the reactions they undergo”, and
Catalysis n. (pl. catalyses) Chem. & Biochem. “the acceleration of a chemical or a biochemical reaction by the catalyst.”* *The American Edition Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1996. MAKE CHEMICALS AND MONEY FASTER
Achieve total control of a single chemical reaction or a multi-step chemical process by combining molecular and engineering principles. AND GREENER
CATALYSIS AND GREEN CHEMISTRY : CATALYSIS AND GREEN CHEMISTRY Utilization of substances that process little or no toxicity to human health and the environment
Lower potential for chemical accidents High selectivity (or better products)
Economical reaction rates Selection of green „products, substrates, and catalysts” Replacement of reagents with new catalysts
Improving the performance of known catalysts Higher atom economy
Lower energy requirements Molecular level catalyst design
Slide21 : THE CATALYTIC CYCLE Protection
Separation the last %s
Slide22 : „The reaction is almost done
before you add the catalyst!” Bob Grubbs, 9:15 am, September 7, 2005 One of the Nobel Price winners in 2005 – see Metathesis Dance Budapest 2005
METATHESIS DANCES IN HONOUR OF THE 2005 NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN CHEMISTRY BY THE KEREPESI KISVIRÁG GYERMEK TÁNCSOPORT (SMALL FLOWER CHILDREN DANCE GROUP – KEREPES, HUNGARY) Eötvös University Budapest, Hungary December 1, 2005 : METATHESIS DANCES IN HONOUR OF THE 2005 NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN CHEMISTRY BY THE KEREPESI KISVIRÁG GYERMEK TÁNCSOPORT (SMALL FLOWER CHILDREN DANCE GROUP – KEREPES, HUNGARY) Eötvös University Budapest, Hungary December 1, 2005
Slide24 : 2005 NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN CHEMISTRY Richard R. Schrock
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusett, USA Yves Chauvin
Institut Français du Pétrole
Rueil-Malmaison, France Robert H. Grubbs
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California, USA
Slide25 : http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/2005/animation.html METATHESIS
Slide26 : A METAL IS LOOKING FOR A CARBENE
Slide27 : THE METAL TAKES A CLOSER LOOK AT THE CARBENE
Slide28 : THE METAL-CARBENE HAS FORMED
Slide29 : THE METAL-CARBENE AND THE OLEFINS/OLEFINS ARE READY
Slide30 : METATHESIS ON THE WAY
Slide31 : METATHESIS ON THE WAY
Slide32 : METATHESIS ON THE WAY
Slide33 : METATHESIS ON THE WAY
Slide34 : METATHESIS DANCE AND EXPERIMENT
Slide35 : HELLO FROM BUDAPEST!
Slide36 : CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The pictures were taken by graduate student László T. Mika from Prof. István T. Horváth’s group (www.hit-team.net) at the Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary during the filming of the 2005 Noble Prize show for the weekly science program called Delta of the Hungarian State Television, broadcast on December 11, 2005.
We are pleased to acknowledge the dancers of the Small Flower Children Dance Group of Kerepes, Hungary (Kerepesi Kisvirág Tánccsoport, Kerepes) for performing the metathesis dances, choreographed and directed by Mr. Imre Ragoncza.
We thank Eötvös University for supporting the performance and the filming of the metathesis dances.
Slide37 : CHEMISTRY IS GREAT AND WE WILL MARKET IT
BETTER
Slide40 : “SOME SEE THINGS AS THEY ARE, AND ASK WHY.
I SEE THINGS AS THEY SHOULD BE AND ASK WHY NOT”
Robert F. Kennedy Green chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products.
Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998. GREEN CHEMISTRY