HorvathLecture

SOLUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: GREEN CHEMISTRY: 

SOLUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: GREEN CHEMISTRY István T. Horváth istvan.t.horvath@hit-team.net Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University Budapest, Hungary www.hit-team.net

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GREEN

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CHEMISTRY IS GREAT AND WE WILL MAKE IT BETTER

Given reasonable assumption concerning progress in the technology and the activities of a civilization, a sustainable civilization is one in which the net sum of the daily activities of the people who comprise it, individually and collectively, can be carried on into the indefinite future, without undermining the ability of future generations to leave with at least a comparably advantageous welfare.  Collins, T. Science, 2001, 291, 48.: 

Given reasonable assumption concerning progress in the technology and the activities of a civilization, a sustainable civilization is one in which the net sum of the daily activities of the people who comprise it, individually and collectively, can be carried on into the indefinite future, without undermining the ability of future generations to leave with at least a comparably advantageous welfare. Collins, T. Science, 2001, 291, 48. A SUSTAINABLE CIVILIZATION Principle 1 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992) Human beings are at the center of concerns for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature.

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CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Production of carbon based consumer products from renewable resources Carbon dioxide (CO2) Biomass Molecular level understanding of pollution prevention Replacement of fossil fuels for energy Hydrogen economy (generation, storage, and transportation of H2) Sustainable liquid (methanol, ethanol, etc.) economy

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CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Production of carbon based consumer products from renewable resources Carbon dioxide (CO2) Biomass Molecular level understanding of pollution prevention Green chemistry Replacement of fossil fuels for energy Hydrogen economy (generation, storage, and transportation of H2) Sustainable liquid (methanol, ethanol, etc.) economy

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WHAT IS GREEN CHEMISTRY? The chemistry of compounds that have green color. The chemistry of compounds that have been made or used by people that have last names Ms. or Mr. Green. The chemistry of compounds that have been made or used by Green political parties.

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The challenge of sustainability will be met with new technologies that provide society with products we depend on in an environmentally responsible manner. Anastas, P. T. & Kirchoff, M. M. Acc. Chem. Res. (special issue on Green Chemistry) 2002, 35, 686. Green chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products. Anastas, P. T. & Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998. GREEN CHEMISTRY

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SUSTAINABLE/GREEN CHEMISTRY Green chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products. 1. It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed. 2. Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product. 3. Wherever practicable, synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generate substances that process little or no toxicity to human health and the environment. 4. Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity. 5. The use of auxiliary substances (e.g. solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and, innocuous when used. 6. Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure. Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998

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SUSTAINABLE/GREEN CHEMISTRY Green chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products. 7. A raw material of feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting wherever technically and economically practicable. 8. Unnecessary derivatization (blocking group, protection/deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be avoided whenever possible. 9. Catalysts (as selective as possible) are superior to reagents. 10. Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not persist in the environment and break down into innocuous degradation products. 11. Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real- time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances. 12. Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen so as to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosion, and fires. Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998

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SUSTAINABLE/GREEN CHEMISTRY Green chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products. 7. A raw material of feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting wherever technically and economically practicable. 8. Unnecessary derivatization (blocking group, protection/deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be avoided whenever possible. 9. Catalysts (as selective as possible) are superior to reagents. 10. Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not persist in the environment and break down into innocuous degradation products. 11. Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real- time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances. 12. Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen so as to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosion, and fires. Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998

WHY CATALYSIS?: 

WHY CATALYSIS?

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WHY NOT!

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„Because without catalysts (e.g. enzymes) we would talk very, very, very slowly!” Bob Waymouth in Budapest on September 7, 2005

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SO WE NEED CATALYSTS!

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CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS Chemistry n. (pl. –ies) 1 “the study of the elements and the compounds they form and the reactions they undergo”, and Catalysis n. (pl. catalyses) Chem. & Biochem. “the acceleration of a chemical or a biochemical reaction by the catalyst.”* *The American Edition Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1996. MAKE CHEMICALS AND MONEY FASTER Achieve total control of a single chemical reaction or a multi-step chemical process by combining molecular and engineering principles. AND GREENER

CATALYSIS AND GREEN CHEMISTRY: 

CATALYSIS AND GREEN CHEMISTRY Utilization of substances that process little or no toxicity to human health and the environment Lower potential for chemical accidents High selectivity (or better products) Economical reaction rates Selection of green „products, substrates, and catalysts” Replacement of reagents with new catalysts Improving the performance of known catalysts Higher atom economy Lower energy requirements Molecular level catalyst design

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THE CATALYTIC CYCLE Protection Separation the last %s

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„The reaction is almost done before you add the catalyst!” Bob Grubbs, 9:15 am, September 7, 2005 One of the Nobel Price winners in 2005 – see Metathesis Dance Budapest 2005

METATHESIS DANCESIN HONOUR OF THE 2005 NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN CHEMISTRY BY THE KEREPESI KISVIRÁG GYERMEK TÁNCSOPORT(SMALL FLOWER CHILDREN DANCE GROUP – KEREPES, HUNGARY)Eötvös UniversityBudapest, HungaryDecember 1, 2005: 

METATHESIS DANCES IN HONOUR OF THE 2005 NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN CHEMISTRY BY THE KEREPESI KISVIRÁG GYERMEK TÁNCSOPORT (SMALL FLOWER CHILDREN DANCE GROUP – KEREPES, HUNGARY) Eötvös University Budapest, Hungary December 1, 2005

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2005 NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN CHEMISTRY Richard R. Schrock Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusett, USA Yves Chauvin Institut Français du Pétrole Rueil-Malmaison, France Robert H. Grubbs California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California, USA

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http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/2005/animation.html METATHESIS

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A METAL IS LOOKING FOR A CARBENE

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THE METAL TAKES A CLOSER LOOK AT THE CARBENE

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THE METAL-CARBENE HAS FORMED

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THE METAL-CARBENE AND THE OLEFINS/OLEFINS ARE READY

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METATHESIS ON THE WAY

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METATHESIS ON THE WAY

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METATHESIS ON THE WAY

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METATHESIS ON THE WAY

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METATHESIS DANCE AND EXPERIMENT

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HELLO FROM BUDAPEST!

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CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The pictures were taken by graduate student László T. Mika from Prof. István T. Horváth’s group (www.hit-team.net) at the Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary during the filming of the 2005 Noble Prize show for the weekly science program called Delta of the Hungarian State Television, broadcast on December 11, 2005. We are pleased to acknowledge the dancers of the Small Flower Children Dance Group of Kerepes, Hungary (Kerepesi Kisvirág Tánccsoport, Kerepes) for performing the metathesis dances, choreographed and directed by Mr. Imre Ragoncza. We thank Eötvös University for supporting the performance and the filming of the metathesis dances.

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CHEMISTRY IS GREAT AND WE WILL MARKET IT BETTER

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“SOME SEE THINGS AS THEY ARE, AND ASK WHY. I SEE THINGS AS THEY SHOULD BE AND ASK WHY NOT” Robert F. Kennedy Green chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products. Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998. GREEN CHEMISTRY