Schischke Penang Label v2

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US and EU Schemes for Labelling, Codes of Conduct and Green Procurement Penang, 4-8 September 2006 Karsten Schischke Fraunhofer Institut für Zuverlässigkeit und Mikrointegration IZM Dept. Environmental Engineering Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany tel.: +49 / 30 / 46 40 31 56 e-mail: karsten.schischke@izm.fraunhofer.de URL: http://www.izm.fraunhofer.de

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Overview Exemplary Schemes Blue Angel (Germany) and EU-Flower Code of Conducts (EU) Energy Star EPEAT (USA) Eco Leaf (Japan) Content

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Intended impact of labels and standards

Eco-Labels: 

Eco-Labels Welcome to the Jungle…

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Target groups Consumers Business-to-business customers Public procurement Eco-Labels

Public Procurement: 

Public Procurement Background Public procurement constitutes on average around 12% of EU GDP (gross domestic product) Great potential for using public procurement to improve the environmental performance of products throughout their life cycle Product declaration / labeling as criterion within contract specifications

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”: 

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel” First official national eco-labeling scheme worldwide, launched in 1978 About 3.800 products and services Approx. 710 label users in Germany and abroad are permitted to bear the Blue Angel Electronic product range: mobile phones, portable computers, stationary computers

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”: 

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel” 83% of German consumers know the Blue Angel mark for many it is a major decision criteria but mainly in areas, where consumer health is affected directly (e.g. paintings) Consumer survey: > 50% of German consumers are willing to pay more for environmentally benign products But: <<50% do so And: Green does not necessarily mean more costly

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”: 

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel” Manufacturer has to apply for label: self declaration supporting documents (e.g. declarations from PWB and battery suppliers)

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”: 

Criteria for workstation computers (RAL-UZ 78) Recyclable Design Orientated on the check list “Recyclable Design” Power consumption System unit must at least meet the energy consumption requirements, as specified in the Energy Star standards allowance of the implementation of power-saving functions which meet the minimum requirements Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”: 

Criteria for workstation computers (RAL-UZ 78) Display Requirements All display units must meet the requirements under TCO 99 or TCO 03 for electric and magnetic fields CRT appliances must be equipped with a cadmium-free display tube monitor power consumption, differentiation CRT / LCD Performance Extension (upgrading) Working memory expansion Installation, exchange, expansion or attachment of a bulk storage device Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”: 

Criteria for workstation computers (RAL-UZ 78) Batteries Acceptation of free return of original batteries/accumulators designated for exchange by the user Batteries and accumulators not designed for being exchanged by the user must have a service life of at least ten years not contain any lead, cadmium or mercury impurities must not exceed the limiting values as specified in the EU Battery Directives (91/157/EEC and 98/101/EEC) Batteries containing other heavy metals must be marked according to Directive 93/86/EEC Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”: 

Criteria for stationary computers (RAL-UZ 78) Product take back Acceptance of the return of products marked with the Environmental Label after use in order to forward them to recycling or material utilization Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”

Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”: 

Criteria for stationary computers (RAL-UZ 78) Consumer information take-back environmental performance enabling power save modes … Eco-Labels - Example: The “Blue Angel”

Eco-Labels - Example: EU Flower: 

Content Customer awareness established in 1992 by an European Community regulation Electronic product range TV Personal computer Portable computer Eco-Labels - Example: EU Flower

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Example: EU Flower Criteria for personal computer Eco-Labels - Example: EU Flower

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Example: EU Flower Criteria for personal computer Eco-Labels - Example: EU Flower

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Example: EU Flower Criteria for personal computer Eco-Labels - Example: EU Flower

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MicroPro: Green Computer Funded EU project Heatsun, objective (among others): Developing a Prototype PC to meet European Eco-Label standards MicroPro: Registered as Multimedia Computer Systems Ltd. Formed in 1991 in Rathfarnham, Dublin 14 SME - wholly Irish owned Employs 22 staff and operates from own premises Manufactures, retails and repairs a range IT equipment Processing ISO14001, ISO9000, and European EMAS standard. EU Flower - Example Contact / Reference: Paul Maher, MicroPro E-mail: pmaher@micropro.ie Web Page: www.micropro.ie José Ospina, Project HEATSUN E-mail: jose@projectheatsun.com Web Page: www.projectheatsun.com

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MicroPro: Green Computer EU Flower - Example Contact / Reference: Paul Maher, MicroPro E-mail: pmaher@micropro.ie Web Page: www.micropro.ie José Ospina, Project HEATSUN E-mail: jose@projectheatsun.com Web Page: www.projectheatsun.com

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EU Flower – Product Database

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EU Flower – Acceptance Only known by 17% of consumers in Germany Very limited acceptance by industry EuP directive might become a future pace-maker for EU Flower: EuP compliance is assumed, if a product bears the EU flower (disclaimer: …but only, if EU flower requirements cover all aspects ruled in the product specific implementing measure)

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Code of Conduct for Digital TV Services Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Communication Equipment Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies initiated by the European Commission voluntary agreements by industry EU Code of Conducts

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Definition and criteria largely based on Energy Star requirements Keep in mind: EuP might not require implementing measures in case self obligations by industry result in similar improvements Large potential for global harmonisation: USA (Energy Star), Australia and China already cooperate Standardised marking EU Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies

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signatories commit themselves to achieve both the no-load power consumption and on-mode efficiency targets for at least 80% of products for phase 1 (1.1.2005 – 31.12.2006), 90% for phase 2 (1.1.2007 onwards) for new models introduced to the market after the indicated date No load losses: EU Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies

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EU Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies On-mode efficiencies:

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Example: Efficiency of External Power Supplies On-mode efficiencies (based on: ZHANG Guoqin: China Certification Center for Energy Conservation Products, June 21, 2004 Beijing)

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Energy Star Appliances Battery Chargers Clothes Washers Dehumidifiers Dishwashers Refrigerators & Freezers Room AC Room Air Cleaners Water Coolers Heating & Cooling Air-source Heat Pumps Boilers Central AC Ceiling Fans Dehumidifiers Furnaces Geothermal Heat Pumps Light Commercial Programmable Thermostats Room AC Ventilating Fans Home Electronics Battery Charging Systems Cordless Phones Combination Units DVD Products External Power Adapters Home Audio Televisions VCRs Office Equipment Computers Copiers External Power Adapters Fax Machines Laptops Mailing Machines Monitors Multifunction Devices Printers Scanners Lighting Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs Residential Light Fixtures Ceiling Fans Exit Signs Traffic Signals Commercial Food Service Commercial Fryers Commercial Hot Food Holding Cabinets Commercial Solid Door Refrigerators & Freezers Commercial Steam Cookers Other Commercial Products Battery Charging Systems Exit Signs External Power Adapters Roof Products Traffic Signals Transformers Vending Machines Water Coolers

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California made Energy Star requirements mandatory for a large number of appliances: (a) Refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, and freezers (b) Room air conditioners, room air-conditioning heat pumps, packaged terminal air conditioners, and packaged terminal heat pumps. (c) Central air conditioners (d) Spot air conditioners, evaporative coolers, ceiling fans, whole house fans, and residential exhaust fans (e) Vented gas space heaters and vented oil space heaters, vented and unvented infrared gas heaters, and gas-fired combination space-heating and water-heating appliances (f) Water heaters (j) Fluorescent lamp ballasts (l) Emergency lighting (m) Traffic signal modules and traffic signal lamps (n) Luminaires (o) Dishwashers (p) Clothes washers and commercial clothes washers (r) Cooking products (s) Electric motors (t) Low voltage dry-type distribution transformers (u) Power supplies, and televisions, compact audio products, digital versatile disc players, digital versatile disc recorders, and digital television adapters Energy Star

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Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (USA) procurement tool to help institutional purchasers in the public and private sectors evaluate, compare and select desktop computers, notebooks and monitors based on their environmental attributes. EPEAT provides a clear and consistent set of performance criteria for the design of products, and provides an opportunity for manufacturers to secure market recognition for efforts to reduce the environmental impact of its products. EPEAT

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Criteria 4.1 Reduction/elimination of environmentally sensitive materials R 4.1.1.1 Compliance with provisions of European RoHS Directive upon its effective date O 4.1.2.1 Elimination of intentionally added cadmium R 4.1.3.1 Reporting on amount of mercury used in light sources (mg) O 4.1.3.2 Low threshold for amount of mercury used in light sources O 4.1.3.3 Elimination of intentionally added mercury used in light sources O 4.1.4.1 Elimination of intentionally added lead in certain applications O 4.1.5.1 Elimination of intentionally added hexavalent chromium R 4.1.6.1 Elimination of intentionally added SCCP flame retardants and plasticizers in certain applications O 4.1.6.2 Large plastic parts free of certain flame retardants classified under European Council Directive 67/548/EEC O 4.1.7.1 Batteries free of lead, cadmium and mercury O 4.1.8.1 Large plastic parts free of PVC EPEAT

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4.2 Materials selection R 4.2.1.1 Declaration of postconsumer recycled plastic content (%) O 4.2.1.2 Minimum content of postconsumer recycled plastic O 4.2.1.3 Higher content of postconsumer recycled plastic R 4.2.2.1 Declaration of renewable/bio-based plastic materials content (%) O 4.2.2.2 Minimum content of renewable/bio-based plastic material R 4.2.3.1 Declaration of product weight (lbs) 4.3 Design for end of life R 4.3.1.1 Identification of materials with special handling needs R 4.3.1.2 Elimination of paints or coatings that are not compatible with recycling or reuse R 4.3.1.3 Easy disassembly of external enclosure R 4.3.1.4 Marking of plastic components R 4.3.1.5 Identification and removal of components containing hazardous materials O 4.3.1.6 Reduced number of plastic material types O 4.3.1.7 Molded/glued in metal eliminated or removable R 4.3.1.8 Minimum 65 percent reusable/recyclable O 4.3.1.9 Minimum 90 percent reusable/recyclable O 4.3.2.1 Manual separation of plastics O 4.3.2.2 Marking of plastics EPEAT

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EPEAT

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4.4 Product longevity/life cycle extension … 4.5 Energy conservation … 4.6 End of life management … 4.7 Corporate performance … 4.8 Packaging … EPEAT

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EPEAT requirements in the meantime made it into many purchase specifications of local administrations on federal and state level Adaptation to individual requirements possible: Chose product according to selected EPEAT criteria EPEAT

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EPEAT

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Eco Leaf (Japan)

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Eco Leaf (Japan)

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Key success factors for labels: acceptance by all involved actors: consumer (awareness, credibility) public procurement manufacturer Harmonisation and standardisation required (and under way) Conclusions (I)

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Product label: More than design issues – it’s also logistics Labels are of limited flexibility (overruled by innovation, sometimes also by legislation) Huge number of activities going on globally Shift from voluntary to mandatory “Easiest” approach for eco-design Conclusions (II)