logging in or signing up NIAAA Social Work Education Module 10J Jancis Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1465 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (2) Dislike it (0) Added: February 24, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: tmb311 (15 month(s) ago) Hi, If possible I would like to use some of your slides in my Child Psychology class. I have never used this site before but it says you can ask permission to download the program. I only have 5 students in the class. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Alcohol and the Family: Alcohol and the Family NIAAA Social Work Education Module 10J (revised 8/04)Outline: Outline Background Family Systems Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family Families and Recovery Background: Background Approximately 17.6 million American adults abuse alcohol or are alcohol dependent Approximately 1 in 4 children is exposed to effects of alcohol abuse or dependence in a family memberBackground (continued): Background (continued) “Family” is relevant because: Alcohol may influence family functioning Family functioning affects alcohol use/abuse Alcohol use disorders “run in families”Background (continued): Background (continued) Family takes many diverse forms Nuclear Single parent mother Single parent father Ex- and Step- relations Grandparent, Aunt/Uncle as parent Foster families And others…. Background (continued): Background (continued) Family and family functions are defined differently in different cultures “Blood” relatives Legal bonds (marriage, adoption) Kin (extended family, multiple generations, close friends as kin) Background (continued): Background (continued) Family roles, rules, values about interdependence and relations, support systems vary by cultureFamily Systems: Family Systems Family systems are dynamic, changing over time as: membership changes, individuals change, relationships change, context changes Family Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Family system is more than sum of parts Interactions Dynamics Rules Roles Boundaries Patterns Circularity of influence between individuals and wholeFamily Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Change in part of a system affects the entire system Developmental change of individual Loss of member (death, divorce, runaway, incarceration, cut offs) Gain new members Shift in a relationshipFamily Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Subsystems are embedded and operate in larger system Couple Parent-child Sibling Extended family Gender dynamics, etc. Family Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Families exist within a larger social environment context family extended family neighborhood church School/workplace Legal system Health/Mental Health services Human services Society History friends Ethnic/cultural systemsFamily Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Families are multigenerational Family Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) CHANGE = STRESS All changes: positive, negative Change requires adaptive energy, adjustment requires resources Systems resist change (systems seek and preserve homeostasis, equilibrium, balance)Family Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Points of difficulty between individual in recovery and family system: Person tries to regain roles, positions in family system (decisions, authority, sex, intimacy, other reciprocal exchanges) Difficulties in parent-child relations (discipline, communication) Developmental changes, family life cycle transitions, situation changes Family Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Conclusions: Family is a context for an individual’s drinking problems—may play a role in emergence and maintenance of the alcohol use disorder, may also play a role in treatment and recovery processes; family remains relevant to individualsFamily Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics: Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics Genetics matter in risk and resilience Family pedigree studies (4-7 x risk for 10 relatives) Adoption studies Physiological aspects of alcohol use disorders appear to have considerable heritability Genetics alone do not explain outcomes—not deterministicFamily Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics (continued): Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics (continued) Genetic factors interact with other biological and environmental context factors Genetics x Biology x Environment=Outcome Some factors are risk/vulnerability factors Some factors are protective/resilience factors Genetics explain vulnerability, environment contributes to emergence or expression Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics (continued): Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics (continued) Specific pathways are becoming better understood E.g., differences in physiological responses and sensitivity to alcoholFamily Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context: Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context “Individuals reared with an alcohol-abusing parent are at risk for developing alcohol problems due both to genetic factors and to faulty role modeling” (O’Farrell, 1995) Some effects are direct, others are indirect effects (e.g., child temperament or hyperreactivity to stress) Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context (continued): Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context (continued) Exposure to key antecedants to heavy drinking episodes: Family arguments Poor family communication Inadequate family problem solving Nagging at home Exposure to key consequences for heavy drinking episodes Deliver reinforcement Remove negative consequencesFamily Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context (continued): Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context (continued) Exposure to a parent’s alcohol use disorder may: Result in easy access to alcohol by children, adolescents, young adults Establish norms of tolerating heavy alcohol use by family members Result in poor/absent parental monitoring of alcohol use by children, adolescents, young adults Lead to development of risky “alcohol expectancies” early in life Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family Relationship of alcohol abuse to other family problems may be: Causal A B Reciprocal A B Iterative A B A B A B Incidental to other causes A B C Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Couples: Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Couples Alcohol Use Disorders affect couples’ Communication Conflict levels increased Nagging Poor sexual relations Domestic violence Partner stressAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Parent-Child Relations: Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Parent-Child Relations Parenting practices can be affected by alcohol use disorders Family life may be chaotic, involve poor quality environments when parents have alcohol use disorders Children’s exposure to conflict is common when parents have alcohol use disordersAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Parent-Child (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Parent-Child (continued) Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children of Alcoholics: Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children of Alcoholics children of current alcoholics children of parental period alcoholics children of lifetime alcoholicsAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued) filtering influences Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued) Resilience factors also act as filters that help shape the developmental impact of parental alcohol use disordersAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued) Preventive and treatment interventions for children of alcoholic parents face barriers: Children having access, transportation Payment, resources Fear, anxiety, embarrassment, trust, other emotional hurdles of children Parent’s minimization and no consent Developmental appropriateness of programAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued) Fetal alcohol exposure concerns are important considerations with regard to alcohol use disorders and their potential impact on children Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Siblings: Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Siblings Sibling research helps address heritability questions—there is a genetic influence combined with an environmental influence Siblings act as agents of socialization through: Modeling Reinforcement/punishment Rule enforcement Shaping developmental environmentsAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Siblings (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Siblings (continued) A person’s drinking can affect relationships with brothers and sisters Siblings may be role models for each others’ drinking behavior Siblings may be a source of access to substances like alcohol Structured sibling support interventions may helpFamilies and Recovery: Families and RecoveryFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Family Systems Models: family homeostatic functions preserve balance for system as a whole, regardless of “cost” to individual members Individual’s alcohol use disorder “serves” a family “stabilizing” function and system maintains the behavior to prevent changeFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Behavioral Family Models: based on social learning theory, alcohol use disorders are learned and maintained through interaction with social environment Observational learning Operant learning Presence/absence of opportunitiesFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Family can affect recovery if they: Provide drinking stimuli/cues (-) Model drinking (-) or other “coping strategies” (+) Influence vulnerability (+ or -) Reinforce or punish sobriety efforts (+, -) Prevent negative consequences from being experienced (-) Families and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Family Disease Model: Alcohol use disorders represent diseases that affect both individuals and the family Treatment from this approach helps family members heal themselvesFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Family “Readiness to Change” parallels individual change process Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Families and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Interventions involving family and “significant others” are more effective (better compliance, better outcomes) than treating individuals with alcohol use disorders in isolation SSO=supportive significant otherFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Relative effectiveness of intervention type interacts with nature of the social support networks (e.g., family at home) MET>TSP if low support for drinking, TSP>MET if support for drinking in social network SO intervention and family therapy improves outcome for individuals with low abstinence support Families and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Factors affecting family therapy acceptance by alcoholics: Couple lives together or reconciling if separated Couple enters treatment after relationship threatened Only one person has alcohol use disorder; others do not have serious mental health problems No family violence problemFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) When both partners have alcohol use disorder, advantages gained by working simultaneously In all couples, priority should be addressing alcohol abuse before relationship work, then address family problems caused by alcoholFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Most important “significant others” might not be the most obvious For a particular individual, it might be: Parent Partner Friend Grandparent Sibling, cousin Son/daughterFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Barriers to family intervention with alcohol use disorders: Potential for violence/safety risks Legal restrictions More than one family member actively abusing substances High blame levels Practical barriers (geography, separations, schedules, child care, reimbursement) You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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NIAAA Social Work Education Module 10J Jancis Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1465 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (2) Dislike it (0) Added: February 24, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: tmb311 (15 month(s) ago) Hi, If possible I would like to use some of your slides in my Child Psychology class. I have never used this site before but it says you can ask permission to download the program. I only have 5 students in the class. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Alcohol and the Family: Alcohol and the Family NIAAA Social Work Education Module 10J (revised 8/04)Outline: Outline Background Family Systems Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family Families and Recovery Background: Background Approximately 17.6 million American adults abuse alcohol or are alcohol dependent Approximately 1 in 4 children is exposed to effects of alcohol abuse or dependence in a family memberBackground (continued): Background (continued) “Family” is relevant because: Alcohol may influence family functioning Family functioning affects alcohol use/abuse Alcohol use disorders “run in families”Background (continued): Background (continued) Family takes many diverse forms Nuclear Single parent mother Single parent father Ex- and Step- relations Grandparent, Aunt/Uncle as parent Foster families And others…. Background (continued): Background (continued) Family and family functions are defined differently in different cultures “Blood” relatives Legal bonds (marriage, adoption) Kin (extended family, multiple generations, close friends as kin) Background (continued): Background (continued) Family roles, rules, values about interdependence and relations, support systems vary by cultureFamily Systems: Family Systems Family systems are dynamic, changing over time as: membership changes, individuals change, relationships change, context changes Family Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Family system is more than sum of parts Interactions Dynamics Rules Roles Boundaries Patterns Circularity of influence between individuals and wholeFamily Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Change in part of a system affects the entire system Developmental change of individual Loss of member (death, divorce, runaway, incarceration, cut offs) Gain new members Shift in a relationshipFamily Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Subsystems are embedded and operate in larger system Couple Parent-child Sibling Extended family Gender dynamics, etc. Family Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Families exist within a larger social environment context family extended family neighborhood church School/workplace Legal system Health/Mental Health services Human services Society History friends Ethnic/cultural systemsFamily Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Families are multigenerational Family Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) CHANGE = STRESS All changes: positive, negative Change requires adaptive energy, adjustment requires resources Systems resist change (systems seek and preserve homeostasis, equilibrium, balance)Family Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Points of difficulty between individual in recovery and family system: Person tries to regain roles, positions in family system (decisions, authority, sex, intimacy, other reciprocal exchanges) Difficulties in parent-child relations (discipline, communication) Developmental changes, family life cycle transitions, situation changes Family Systems (continued): Family Systems (continued) Conclusions: Family is a context for an individual’s drinking problems—may play a role in emergence and maintenance of the alcohol use disorder, may also play a role in treatment and recovery processes; family remains relevant to individualsFamily Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics: Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics Genetics matter in risk and resilience Family pedigree studies (4-7 x risk for 10 relatives) Adoption studies Physiological aspects of alcohol use disorders appear to have considerable heritability Genetics alone do not explain outcomes—not deterministicFamily Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics (continued): Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics (continued) Genetic factors interact with other biological and environmental context factors Genetics x Biology x Environment=Outcome Some factors are risk/vulnerability factors Some factors are protective/resilience factors Genetics explain vulnerability, environment contributes to emergence or expression Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics (continued): Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Genetics (continued) Specific pathways are becoming better understood E.g., differences in physiological responses and sensitivity to alcoholFamily Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context: Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context “Individuals reared with an alcohol-abusing parent are at risk for developing alcohol problems due both to genetic factors and to faulty role modeling” (O’Farrell, 1995) Some effects are direct, others are indirect effects (e.g., child temperament or hyperreactivity to stress) Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context (continued): Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context (continued) Exposure to key antecedants to heavy drinking episodes: Family arguments Poor family communication Inadequate family problem solving Nagging at home Exposure to key consequences for heavy drinking episodes Deliver reinforcement Remove negative consequencesFamily Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context (continued): Family Influences on Alcohol Use Disorders: Family Context (continued) Exposure to a parent’s alcohol use disorder may: Result in easy access to alcohol by children, adolescents, young adults Establish norms of tolerating heavy alcohol use by family members Result in poor/absent parental monitoring of alcohol use by children, adolescents, young adults Lead to development of risky “alcohol expectancies” early in life Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family Relationship of alcohol abuse to other family problems may be: Causal A B Reciprocal A B Iterative A B A B A B Incidental to other causes A B C Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Couples: Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Couples Alcohol Use Disorders affect couples’ Communication Conflict levels increased Nagging Poor sexual relations Domestic violence Partner stressAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Parent-Child Relations: Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Parent-Child Relations Parenting practices can be affected by alcohol use disorders Family life may be chaotic, involve poor quality environments when parents have alcohol use disorders Children’s exposure to conflict is common when parents have alcohol use disordersAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Parent-Child (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Parent-Child (continued) Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children of Alcoholics: Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children of Alcoholics children of current alcoholics children of parental period alcoholics children of lifetime alcoholicsAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued) filtering influences Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued) Resilience factors also act as filters that help shape the developmental impact of parental alcohol use disordersAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued) Preventive and treatment interventions for children of alcoholic parents face barriers: Children having access, transportation Payment, resources Fear, anxiety, embarrassment, trust, other emotional hurdles of children Parent’s minimization and no consent Developmental appropriateness of programAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Children (continued) Fetal alcohol exposure concerns are important considerations with regard to alcohol use disorders and their potential impact on children Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Siblings: Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Siblings Sibling research helps address heritability questions—there is a genetic influence combined with an environmental influence Siblings act as agents of socialization through: Modeling Reinforcement/punishment Rule enforcement Shaping developmental environmentsAlcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Siblings (continued): Alcohol Use Disorder Influences on Family: Siblings (continued) A person’s drinking can affect relationships with brothers and sisters Siblings may be role models for each others’ drinking behavior Siblings may be a source of access to substances like alcohol Structured sibling support interventions may helpFamilies and Recovery: Families and RecoveryFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Family Systems Models: family homeostatic functions preserve balance for system as a whole, regardless of “cost” to individual members Individual’s alcohol use disorder “serves” a family “stabilizing” function and system maintains the behavior to prevent changeFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Behavioral Family Models: based on social learning theory, alcohol use disorders are learned and maintained through interaction with social environment Observational learning Operant learning Presence/absence of opportunitiesFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Family can affect recovery if they: Provide drinking stimuli/cues (-) Model drinking (-) or other “coping strategies” (+) Influence vulnerability (+ or -) Reinforce or punish sobriety efforts (+, -) Prevent negative consequences from being experienced (-) Families and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Family Disease Model: Alcohol use disorders represent diseases that affect both individuals and the family Treatment from this approach helps family members heal themselvesFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Family “Readiness to Change” parallels individual change process Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Families and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Interventions involving family and “significant others” are more effective (better compliance, better outcomes) than treating individuals with alcohol use disorders in isolation SSO=supportive significant otherFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Relative effectiveness of intervention type interacts with nature of the social support networks (e.g., family at home) MET>TSP if low support for drinking, TSP>MET if support for drinking in social network SO intervention and family therapy improves outcome for individuals with low abstinence support Families and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Factors affecting family therapy acceptance by alcoholics: Couple lives together or reconciling if separated Couple enters treatment after relationship threatened Only one person has alcohol use disorder; others do not have serious mental health problems No family violence problemFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) When both partners have alcohol use disorder, advantages gained by working simultaneously In all couples, priority should be addressing alcohol abuse before relationship work, then address family problems caused by alcoholFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Most important “significant others” might not be the most obvious For a particular individual, it might be: Parent Partner Friend Grandparent Sibling, cousin Son/daughterFamilies and Recovery (continued): Families and Recovery (continued) Barriers to family intervention with alcohol use disorders: Potential for violence/safety risks Legal restrictions More than one family member actively abusing substances High blame levels Practical barriers (geography, separations, schedules, child care, reimbursement)