Alvarado REN21 Francia 13 14 dic 2006

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Central American Region REN21 Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century UNEP/DTIE Office, Paris. December 13-14, 2006 Fernando Alvarado Zumbado falvarado@dse.go.cr Ministry of Energy and Environment Costa Rica. Central American Integrated System (SICA)

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Agenda Characteristics of the Central American region Profiles or proposals presented at Bonn’s meeting Action Matrix for the integration and energy development of Central America Other topics related with this meeting.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN REGION

Central American localization : 

Costa Rica Central American localization

Central American Characterization : 

Central American Characterization

Central America : Energy consumption by country: 

Central America : Energy consumption by country

Central America: Final energy consumption resume- 2003: 

Central America: Final energy consumption resume- 2003 Source: “El consumo energético final de acuerdo con el SIEE de OLADE.“

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PROPOSALS PRESENTED AT BONN’S CONFERENCE

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Information center for the development of renewable energy sources in the Central American Countries Design of a program to develop a market for the efficient use of the firewood. Integral water-basin resource-management for greater renewable-energy use. PROPOSALS PRESENTED AT BONN’S CONFERENCE Approved by the Ministries of the region in the meeting celebrated at Guatemala City in may 2004 These projects have not been done because they do not have external financing

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Information center for the development of renewable energy sources in the Central American Countries Objectives: The objective is to support the development of the energy renewables sources for the Central American Countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua y Panamá). The operational objectives are oriented to help the creation of national and regional markets for the energy renewable sources main technologies, and to foster the sustainable development of these sources in each country of the Central American region. PROPOSALS PRESENTED AT BONN’S CONFERENCE

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Information center for the development of renewable energy sources in the Central American Countries RESULT A: The countries of the Central American Isthmus have approved and have in operation an institutional Coordination and a public-private alliance for the development of the energy renewable sources. RESULT B: The countries of the Central American Isthmus have designed and have in operation a National Information Center for the Renewable Energies. . External financing required: US$ 120.000 PROPOSALS PRESENTED AT BONN’S CONFERENCE

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Design of a program to develop a market for the efficient use of the firewood. Objetives: Reinforce the market for efficient wood stoves in the rural area in the Central American Countries, fostering the development of technological, marketing and financing aspects. The operational objective is to design a program for the six Central American Countries, in order to multiply by ten the number of the most efficient firewood stoves in 5 year horizon. PROPOSALS PRESENTED AT BONN’S CONFERENCE

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Design of a program to develop a market for the efficient use of the firewood. RESULT A: The Central American Countries have reevaluated the biomass resource potential and identified the sustainable portion. RESULT B: The have identified and estimated the biomass consumption, particularly firewood. RESULT C: The Central American Countries have defined a sustainable program in order to foster the creation of a market for efficient firewood stoves. External financing required : US$ 150.000 PROPOSALS PRESENTED AT BONN’S CONFERENCE

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Integral water-basin resource-management for greater renewable-energy use Objetives: Expanding the use of renewable energies to improve the integral management of the resources of water, forest, energy and productive applications in hydrologic basins. Implementing a program of management integrated in the most representative basins of the Central American countries, tending toward generating in a time limit of three years, a principal plan for the best utilization of the resources of the basins, what will include the strategies for the use hydroelectric of the basins selected. PROPOSALS PRESENTED AT BONN’S CONFERENCE

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Integral water-basin resource-management for greater renewable-energy use RESULT A: The Central American Countries have installed systems of information for the management of the main basins. RESULT B: The Central American Countries have carried out diverse measures to improve the administration of their water resources. PROPOSALS PRESENTED AT BONN’S CONFERENCE

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Integral water-basin resource-management for greater renewable-energy use RESULT C: The Central American Countries have placed in motion plans of interinstitutional coordination and of management of conflicts. RESULT D: The Central American Countries have approved and developed costs evaluation models and benefits for their main basins. External financing required: US$ 165.000 PROPOSALS PRESENTED AT BONN’S CONFERENCE

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Action Matrix for the Integration and Energy Development of Central America

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Executive Brief: Objective: Identify actions to be done in the short term to promote the integration and energy development of the region. Main Actors: Inter-institutional Group of support to the process of energy integration and development of Central America: (SG-SICA, SIECA, CEAC, CCHAC, CEPAL, INCAE, BCIE, BID, USAID) and the Energy and Hydrocarbons Directorates of Central American countries. Action Matrix for the Integration and Energy Development of Central America

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Actors

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Executive Brief:  The actions included in this matrix Are responding for the needs of support of the countries in the region. Collect the proposal included in the Central American Energy Emergency Plan approved by SICA´s Presidents Meeting. Are part of a long term plan which is also coherent with the Sustainable Energy Strategy that it is been elaborated and it is a dynamic instrument of support to the energy integration process. Action Matrix for the Integration and Energy Development of Central America

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 It is made with 65 actions for: short , medium and long term It has actions for: Rational use of energy Institutional aspects Diversification of the Energy Consumption matrix New renewable sources of energy Rural electrification Sustainable Energy Strategy Regional integration. It also includes: expected objective and results, institutions responsible for supporting the region, government entities to coordinate and develop activities. Action Matrix for the Integration and Energy Development of Central America

Advance of the actions in the matrix: 

Advance of the actions in the matrix Action Matrix for the Integration and Energy Development of Central America

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Action Matrix for the Integration and Energy Development of Central America

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Actions with an impact in short and medium term (less than 2 years)   Emergency measures to reduce the energy consumption. Measures for greater efficiency in the utilization of electric power and in the massive public transportation systems. Strengthening of the regional energy institutions. Energy diversification and use of other renewable energies. Increased generation from small environmental and social responsible hydroelectric power plants. Action Matrix for the Integration and Energy Development of Central America

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Actions with impact in the long time limit (more than 4 years) Preparation of a long-range Central American Energy Strategy. Preparation of a regional program of conservation of energy. Support al bio-energy projects development and geothermal projects. Support to medium and large environmental and social. responsible hydroelectric projects. Support the development of solar and wind projects . Support projects to introduce the natural gas in the region. Support projects of regional energy integration and hydrocarbons markets harmonization. Support projects of rural electrification. Action Matrix for the Integration and Energy Development of Central America

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Action Matrix for the Integration and Energy Development of Central America

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  Action Matrix for the Integration and Energy Development of Central America

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Other Topics of this meeting

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international conferences: Influences and impacts on RE policies and development on national levels They qualify to the technical pictures of the countries: They contribute new facts and novel visions to generate the politics of renewable energies to apply at the local level (national). They permit to establish contacts and to share experiences among the participants. They permit to communicate and to divulge information on energy policies formulation processes. They permit to produce regional projects and agreements in topics that would be difficult to face individually by each country. They serve of benchmarking to the policy makers to know the way they are doing in their countries.

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Features and outcomes of international RE conferences: suggestions for effective impacts of the future international policy process Applying the methodology ZOPP to find a solution in collective form and arranged, identifying initially the causes of reason do not comply the politics and to generate a proposal of actions that affect those causes, assigning responsible for time limit of fulfillment, indicators of fulfillment and of monitoring. Establishing measures by degree of development of the countries and indicators of measurement of the penetration of the renewable energies. Extensive disclosure and communication of the agreements. Assignment of resources and monitoring of the agreements. Devising conferences to investigate reason do not comply the politics.

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Results to be accomplish in future RE conferences Establishing goals of penetration of the renewable energies in the national plans of energy. Future events should serve so that the countries that have successful experiences do a report of the fulfillment in agreement and a quantification of the introduction of the renewable energies in the headquarters of energy consumption. Treating not economic and economic instruments to promote the penetration of RE.

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Results to be accomplish in future RE conferences ¿Which are posibles and effectives for the national policy? Establishing goals of penetration of the renewable energies in the national plans of energy. Carrying out politics disclosure events in groups of countries with level of similar development, sharing information and successful experiences. Treating not economic and economic instruments to promote the penetration of RE.

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Impacts of RE policies in Central America

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Impacts of RE policies in Costa Rica

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¡ Thank you ! PhD. Fernando Alvarado falvarado@dse.go.cr Ministry of Energy and Environment Costa Rica.

Central America: Population, area and density: 

Central America: Population, area and density

Central America: Population and area distribution: 

Central America: Population and area distribution

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Estructura del consumo de derivados de petróleo por país y setor Porcentaje (%) Fuente: OLADE, SIEE

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Estructura del consumo energético final Año 2002 Fuente: CEPAL, Estrategia para el fomento de las fuentes renovables de energía en América Central

Costa Rica: Evolución de la Factura Petrolera: 

Costa Rica: Evolución de la Factura Petrolera Tomado de: Memoria estadística del sector energía de Costa Rica