Lesson 12

College EnglishBook Two: 

College English Book Two Edited by Hu Wenzhong, Ma Yuanxi, Zhu Jue and Li He Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press

Contents: 

Contents Lesson One Lesson Two Lesson Three Lesson Four Lesson Five Lesson Six Lesson Seven Lesson Eight Lesson Nine Lesson Ten Lesson Eleven Lesson Twelve Lesson Thirteen Lesson Fourteen Lesson Fifteen Lesson Sixteen

Lesson Twelve : 

Lesson Twelve Words and Expressions Pattern Drills Text A: Computers Concern You Notes to the Text Oral and Written Work Grammar Exercises Test Chinese Translation of Text A

Words and Expressions: 

Words and Expressions account n. 账目 appearance n. that which can be seen; outward qualities; look 外貌 apple pie n. 苹果馅饼 appointment n. the agreement of a time and place for meeting 约定（会） Arabic n. language spoken by Arabs 阿拉伯语 associate vt. to connect in one’s mind 使发生联系 banking n. the business of a bank or a banker 银行业；金融 boring adj. dull; uninteresting calculating machine n. 计算机 calculation n. 计算 call in 来访 check-out point n. （超级市场的）交款处 code n. a system of secret words, letters, numbers, etc.; used instead of ordinary writing to keep messages secret 密码

Slide5: 

complicated adj. difficult to understand or deal with 复杂的 compose vt. to write (music, poetry) etc. 创作（乐曲、诗歌等） computerized adj. 电子计算机化的 concern vt. to be about 涉及 container n. anything such as a box, barrel, etc., used for holding sth. 容器 control vt. 控制 cream n. 奶油 criminal n. a person who is guilty of crime 罪犯 descendant n. 子孙；后代 dessert n. sweet food served at the end of a meal 甜点心 detective n. a person or policeman whose special job is to find out information that will lead to criminals being caught 侦探 dial v. 拨号码 efficient adj. working well and without waste 效率高的 entry n. 账上的一页 escape vi. to get free; get away extensively adv. 广泛地 fingerprint n. the mark of a finger, as used in the discovery of crime

Slide6: 

ideal adj. 理想的 information n. 情报 item n. 项目 length n. 长度 librarian n. a person who is in charge of or helps to run a library license n. 执照 lifetime n. the time during which a person is alive link vt. to join or connect 连接 mathematician n. a person who studies and understands mathematics 数学家 microfiche n. 缩微胶片 output n. production 产量 ownership n. possession by lawful right 所有权 point out show, call, or direct attention to 指出 reduce vt. to make smaller polluted adj. 被污染的 print-out n. 计算机打印出来的计算结果 salary n. fixed regular pay each month, 3 months, a year, or sometimes each week for a job 薪水 save vt. to keep and not spend or use sort out to separate from a mass or group 挑选

Slide7: 

square figures 呈方形的数字 store vt. put away for future use 存 style n. 式样 suffer v. to experience pain or difficulty 遭受 sum n. 金额 suspect n. a person who is believed to be guilty esp. in a crime 嫌疑犯 the sciences n. 理科 thin adj. not fat 瘦的 traditional adj. 传统的 trunk n. 大箱子 videotape n. 录像磁带 visual adj. 看得见的 wage n. 工资 washing machine n. 洗衣机

Pattern Drills: 

Pattern Drills Drill A 1)---How much older is your sister than you? ---Five years. But she doesn’t look that much older than me, does she? ---I suppose that’s because she’s shorter. ---I’m three inches taller than her. 2)---How much more does your brother weigh than you? ---Four kilogrammes more. But he doesn’t look it, does he? ---I suppose that’s because he’s as thin as you though much taller. ---Yes, he’s five inches taller than me. 3)---How much heavier is this trunk than that one? ---It’s ten kilogrammes heavier. But it doesn’t look it, does it? ---I suppose it’s because this trunk is not much bigger than that one. ---No, it’s only two inches wider.

Slide9: 

Drill B 1)---Where do you prefer to live, in the city or in the suburbs? ---In the suburbs. ---So do I. There aren’t as many people in the suburbs as in the city. ---And it is not as polluted. 2)---What are you going to have for dessert, apple pie and cream or cream cake? ---Apple pie. ---So am I. There isn’t as much cream on the apple pie as on the cake. ---And it’s not as sweet. 3)---Which workshop do you prefer to work in, this one or that one? ---That one. ---So do I. There aren’t as many machines in that workshop as in this one. ---And the work is not as difficult. 4)---Which climate do you like best, Shanghai or Guangzhou? ---Shanghai. ---So do I. There isn’t as much rain in Shanghai as in Guangzhou. ---And it is not as hot.

Slide10: 

Drill C ---How is production this year? ---If everything goes well, the increase in output will be twice as much as last year. ---That’s great. 1) the new classroom building coming along / it’ll be completed in June. There are three times as many classrooms in the new building as in the old one. 2) The plans for the new hospital / it’ll be built in a year. It’ll be four times as big as the old one. 3) The new reservoir going / we’ll finish it in December. It’ll hold twice as much water as the old one.

Slide11: 

Drill D 1) ---What did you think of this book? ---I liked it. It is quite different from the one I read last week. ---Is it the same length as that one? ---Yes, but the plot is more complicated. The more I read, the more interested I became. That on e was rather dull. 2) ---How do you like your new silk blouse? ---Very much. It’s quite different from the one Xiao Wang bought. ---But the style is the same as hers. ---Yes. But it’s better quality. The more you wash it, the softer it becomes. 3) ---What do you think of these two students? ---I like them both. Liu’s personality is quite different from Yang’s. ---Yes. But they’re good friends. The more I talk with them, the better I get to know them and like them. 4) ---What is Arabic like? ---It’s not easy to learn. It’s quite different from English. ---Is its grammar anything like English grammar? ---No, it’s more complicated.

Slide12: 

Drill E v. + n. or pron. + adj. Verbs used in this pattern: make, keep, get, find, consider, etc. 1) ---What he said made me happy. ---I’m glad he came and talked to you. 2) ---Do you think it’s too late to get anything from the dining-hall? ---Don’t worry. I’ve brought some food back for you and kept it warm on the stove. 3) ---Did you go to see the Wings last night? ---Yes, I did, but I found their door locked.

Text Computers Concern You: 

Text Computers Concern You When Charles Babbage, a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University, invented the first calculating machine in 1812 he could hardly have imagined the situation we find ourselves in today. Nearly everything we do in the modern world is helped, or even controlled, by computer, the complicated descendants of his simple machine. Computers are being used more and more extensively in the world today, for the simple reason that they are far more efficient than human beings. They have much better memories and can store huge amounts of information, and they can do calculations in a fraction of the time taken by a human mathematician. No man alive can do 500,000 sums in one second, but an advanced computer can. In fact, computers can do many of the things we do, but faster and better. They can pay wages, reserve seats on planes, control machines in factories, work out tomorrow’s weather, and even play chess, write poetry, or compose music. Let’s look now at some of the ways in which computers concern people in their daily lives and work.

Slide14: 

Computers and our cash Mr. Woods, a bank manager, discuss some of the ways in which computers control our cash. ‘I think most of our customers realize that in modern banking we make extensive use of computers. They see that the codes on their cheques are printed in a special way so that they can be read by a computer---computers only seem to like rather square figures. And when they call in at the bank to find out the balance of their accounts, the clerk no longer shows than a big book with hand-written entries. Instead he goes and gets a print-out from the computer which records all the details of cash or cheques paid into or drawn out of customers’ accounts. The day may soon come when we no longer need to carry cash around with us, or even a cheque book. The computer where we work will tell our bank computer how much our salary or wages are---and the government computer how much tax we should pay! Then when we go shopping we will just show a special card at the check-out point. The code on the card will be fed into the shop computer which will check with the bank computer that there is enough money in our account to pay for the goods we want, and that the card has not been stolen. If all is well the codes from the different items will be fed into the computer and the sum owing will be drawn from our account, but only ‘on computer’. No money will ever change hands. Computerized shopping, like computerized banking, will be quick, safe and convenient.

Slide15: 

Computers and our health Nurse Penny Atkins works in a large, modern hospital. ‘We use computers a lot in medicine nowadays. For instance, at the hospital where I work we make patients’ appointments through a computer, which saves a lot of time. So does keeping patients’ records on a computer. It also saves space because you can get so much more information on to a piece of computer tape than a piece of paper. Another advantage is that anyone who wants information on a patient can get it quickly, or even at the same time as someone else. You just dial the computer. In the past a doctor might take a patient’s records away to his room and keep them for weeks, which could make things difficult for the rest of us! Actually, computers can often do a doctor’s work better than a human being can. Computers don’t suffer from lack of sleep, so they don’t miss important points. And because they never forget anything they’ve never been told they’re often better at working out what’s wrong with a patient, or the best treatment to give him. Some people even think we should all have regular computer checks on our health and then we would be able to cure most disease in the early stages. We’d all spend less time in hospital, so the future would be better for us over-worked nurses!”

Slide16: 

Computers catch criminals Chief Inspector Harston talks about ways in which computers can help the police fight crime. ‘Members of the public often think of detective work as fast and exciting when most of it is slow and boring. For example, a detective on a stolen car case may have to check through long lists of information, and in the time it takes him to do this the thief may well escape. With the new National Police Computer we are now able to find out details of car ownership and driving licences in a fraction of the time it takes by traditional methods. We are also developing systems of storing fingerprint information in computers and even information about people’s appearance. It’s possible to work out codes for visual details and to link a computer with a videotape recorder (VTR). Then, instead of looking through books of photographs we’ll be able to ask the computer to sort out the right ones, and see photographs of suspects flashed across a VTR screen. In police work speed is often essential, so computers are ideal for helping us catch criminals. The only problem is that we now have a new kind of criminal---the very clever man who knows how to make huge sums of money by cheating a computer, and he is very difficult indeed to catch.’

Slide17: 

Computers serve the arts Mary Watts, a university librarian, points out that computers serve the arts as well as the sciences. ‘I think many people associate computers with the world of science and maths, but they are also a great help to scholars in other subjects, in history, literature and so on. It’s now possible for a scholar to find a book or article he needs very quickly, which, when a million or more new books are published each year, is quite an advantage. There’s a system, controlled by computer, of giving books a code number, reducing them in size by putting them on microfiche, and then storing 3,000 or more in a container no bigger than a washing machine. You tell the computer which subject you’re interested in and it produces any microfiche you need in seconds. It’s rather like going to an expert who has read all the works on your subject and can remember where to find the correct information, which few human experts can. There are also systems being developed to translate articles from foreign magazines by computer, and to make up the many lists of information that are needed in a modern library. So computers can help us deal with the knowledge explosion in many ways. I can imagine a time when libraries will be run by computers, without any human beings at all. If that happens in my lifetime I hope there’ll be a computer somewhere that can find me another job!’

Notes to the Text: 

Notes to the Text Notes 1. Charles Babbage (1792-1871): English mathematician and inventor. He devoted most of his life to perfecting a mechanical calculating machine which was the predecessor of present-day computers. 2. The day may soon come when we no longer need to carry cash around with us, or even a cheque book. The attributive clause “when we no longer need to carry…” is separated from the noun it modifies for two reasons. First, the clause is long and would make the sentence top-heavy if it were to come immediately after the antecedent. Second, it is customary in English for the new information to appear in end rather than in front position. Other examples: The day is not far off when a lot of the housework can be done by machines. News came that the advance party had arrived at their destination.

Slide19: 

3. We make patients’ appointment through a computer, which saves a lot of time. The attributive clause in this sentence is non-restrictive (or non-defining) in nature. Non-restrictive clauses do not define the noun, but merely add something to it by giving some more information about it. Unlike restrictive clauses, they are not essential in the sentence and can be omitted without causing confusion. They are separated from their noun by commas. The relative pronoun can never be omitted. The construction is fairly formal and more pronoun can never be omitted. The construction is fairly formal and more common in written than in spoken English. E.g. My neighbor, who is always helpful, told me where I could get my gas stove fixed. She gave me this jumper, which she had knitted herself. This machine, which I have looked after for twenty years, is still working perfectly. 4. knowledge explosion: tremendous increase of knowledge. Note also population explosion

Oral and Written Work: 

Oral and Written Work 1. Pair work: Ask each other questions on the following chart. 2. Discuss: 1) What other uses of the computer do you know? 2) Do computers concern you as is described in the text? 3) Are computers important to China since she has a large population? Why? 4) What would you want a computer to do for you?

Slide21: 

3. Complete the following dialogue: Clerk: Can I help you? Customer: Clerk: What size do you want? Customer: Clerk: What about those on the shelf? Customer: Clerk: Here you are. Customer: Clerk: Forty-five dollars. Customer: Clerk: I’m sorry we don’t have anything cheaper. Customer: Clerk: No trouble at all.

Slide22: 

4. Written work: (maximum length: 300 words) Read the following paragraph and comment on it: Some people believe that computers will some day play a very important part in educating children, and perhaps will gradually take the place of a teacher. Computer-assisted instruction has already been used. The student sits at a typewriter terminal. He answers questions or requests information from a computer connected to the terminal. The computer has been programmed to ask questions and present information in a carefully organized way. When the student gives a wrong answer he can get a hint from the computer, or a slightly different question that will help him along. Do you think computers can take the place of teachers? Why (not)? In what way do you think a computer can be used in education?

Grammar: 

Grammar Comparison (2) Different types of adverbials may be used with comparison. They are placed before words of comparison in the comparative and superlative degrees and before the adverb as in the positive degree. E.g. Jane is five years older than Helen. Xiao Liu is by far the fastest runner in our school. He is not half as intelligent as his brother. Compare the English and Chinese ways of expressing comparison in the following instances: We’ve produced twice as much cotton this year as we did in 1966. 今年我们生产的棉花比1966年多了一倍。 There are now three times as many schools in our town as in 1949. 我们城里的学校比1949年增加了两倍。

Slide24: 

After the technical innovation, there was only one-tenth as many drill breakages as before. 技术改革以来，钻头损坏率减到原来的十分之一。 The new power station cost 80 per cent less than the one built earlier. 新电站比早些时候建成的电站建筑成本降低百分之八十。 Notice, too, the following set expressions: as black as coal as firm as a rock as brave as a lion as gentle as a lamb as busy as a bee as obstinate as a mule as clear as crystal as proud as a peacock as cold as ice as strong as a horse as cunning as a fox as swift as a sheet as easy as ABC as white as a sheet

Exercises: 

Exercises 6．Translate： 1) 这个房间比那个房间大三倍。 2) 这口大钟大约有三个人那么高。 3) 他拉小提琴比约翰拉得好多了。 4) 这个箱子比我想象得要重。 5) 你没有比那本书更有趣的书了吗？ 6) 声音比光传播得慢得多。 7) 他现在英语讲得比以往流利得多了。 8) 新来的秘书打字打得和原来的秘书几乎一样好。 9) 和他的接触越多我就越信任他。 10) 他对她的工作越来越感到不满意了。

Slide26: 

Vocabulary 7．Study the formation of the following compounds and explain their meaning: 1) handmade lamp shades 2) home-brewed beer 3) a weather-beaten face 4) a well-tailored coat 5) well-meant criticism 6) new-laid eggs 7) widespread news 8) a sun-tanned boy 9) quick-frozen peas 10) a self-taught technician

Slide27: 

9. Put the best word in the blanks: Pay treat swear examine missing Pay for cure curse check lost 1) He is a good lodger and always ____ his rent without being reminded. 2) Mike had to write to his father and ask him to ____ his board and lodging. 3) They tried all sorts of ____ on him but did not succeed in ____ him of his diabetes. 4) He could not do anything but ____ his own bad luck. 5) A team of experts have been sent to the factory to ____ their products. 6) So far they have not found anything important ____. 7) A lot of important historic documents were ____ during the retreat. 8) The principal has announced that disciplinary action will be taken against those who ____.

Test: 

Test TEST 12 PART I READING COMPREHENSION Section A (36%) Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Beldon and Canfield are two seaside towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels; and in the summer the hotels are full of holiday-takers and other tourists. Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. Next day, this news appeared on page two of the town’s newspaper. The Beldon Post. FIRE AT SEABREEZE Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors: ”Please do not smoke cigarettes in bed.” This was Beldon’s first hotel fire for five years. The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one:

Slide29: 

ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday-taker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.” We are glad to tell our readers that this sorts of adventure does not happen in Canfield. What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August. that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes-----we know that firemen went to the hotel. Now that do you think of the rest of the ‘news’?

Slide30: 

ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday-taker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.” We are glad to tell our readers that this sorts of adventure does not happen in Canfield. What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August. that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes-----we know that firemen went to the hotel. Now that do you think of the rest of the ‘news’? 1. Which of these are probably facts? A. The fire was in the bedroom at the hotel. B. a cigarette started the fire. C. An old lamp started the fire D. Hotels in Beldon often catch fire.

Slide31: 

2. Notice the headline: ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE. The author wanted readers to think that _____. A. too many people smoke in bed. B. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel. C. hotels in Beldon often catch fire D. five years is a short time. 3. Why do holiday-takers go to Beldon and Canfield? A. They are two beautiful seaside towns B. They are warm places C. They are the best places for people to cool. D. There are more people there. 4. Which sentence is not said by an angry holiday-takers? A. An electric lamp started the fire. B. The bedroom lamps are old. C. I heard a funny noise D. A cigarette started the fire 5. How did the Canfield newspaper describe the fire? A. As an accident B. As an adventure C. As a bit of bad news for Canfield D. As an accident happened frequently

Slide32: 

Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following passage: Crime has its own cycles, a magazine reported some years ago. Police records that were studied for five years from over 2,400 cities and towns show a surprising link between changes in the season and crime patterns. The pattern of crime has varied very little over a long period of years. Murder reaches its high (luring July and August, as do rape and other violent attacks. Murder, moreover, is more than seasonal: it is a weekend crime. It is also a nighttime crime: 62 percent of murders are committed between 6 p.m. and 6 a. m. Unlike the summer high in crimes of bodily harm, burglary has a different cycle. You are most likely to be robbed between 6 p. m. and 2 a.m. on a Saturday night in December, January, or February. The most uncriminal month of all? May --- except for one strange statistic. More dog bites are reported in this month than in any other month of the year. Apparently our intellectual seasonal cycles are completely different from our criminal tendencies. Professor Huntington, of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, made extensive studies to discover the seasons when people read serious books, attend scientific meetings, make the highest scores on examinations, and propose the most changes to patents. In all instances, he found a spring peak and an autumn peak separated by a summer low. On the other hand, Professor Huntington' s studies indicated that June is the peak month for suicides and admissions to mental hospitals. June is also a peak month for marriages! Possibly soaring thermometers and high humidity bring on our strange and terrifying summer actions, but police officials are not sure. "There is, of course, no proof of a connection between humidity and murder," they say. "Why murder's high time should come in the summertime we really don't know."

Slide33: 

6. According to the passage, a murder would most likely occur __ A. on a weekend night in winter B. on a weekday afternoon in summer C. on a weekend night in summer D. on a weekday night in winter 7. What is the one strange statistic for May? A. There are more robberies ii1 May. B. There are more dog bites in May. C. There is the most crime in May. D. There are more suicides in May. 8. In paragraph 4, why is there an exclamation point ( ! ) after the last sentence? A. Because the author is surprised that so many people mm~ in June. B. Because the author is surprised that the marriage peak occurs in the same month as the suicides and mental hospital peak. C. Because the author doesn' t understand why the peak h)r suicides and marriage is the same month. D. Because the author is excited that so many people marry in June.

Slide34: 

Questions 9 to 13 are based on the following passage: Most people want to work, but it has become more and more difficult in today’s world to find work for everybody. The economies of the world need to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. Often this is not possible, and so more people are out of work. Some people have no jobs now because new machines do not ask for more money and longer holiday. In all of the countries of the world, machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work of forty people. About 75,000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 70% of them can find jobs.

Slide35: 

9. It was ______ for people to find jobs before than today. A. not possible B. difficult C. more important D. easier 10. If the economics of the world grow by 4% each year, _______. A: people will have no job B: people can still have jobs as before C: 4% of the people will have jobs D: 97% of the people will lose their jobs 11. One machine can do as much work as _______. A. 4% of the people B. 40% of the people in the world C. 40 people D. 75,000 people in the world 12. How many people outside cities go into cities to look for jibs each year? A. 70% of the people. B. 4% of the people in the world. C. More than 75,000. D. About 75,000. 13. Which of the following is Not true? A. Machines are taking work instead of people. B. Now more people are out of work. C. Machines need more money and longer holidays. D. Most people want to have jobs.

Slide36: 

Questions 14 to 18 are based on the following passage: Many of us believe that a person' s mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr. Jarvik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California. She had studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr. Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s, their minds did not generally decline as was expected. However, there was some decline in their psychomotor speed. 'This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr' Jarvik's studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is tree not only with those in their 30s and 4Os, but with those in their 60s and 70s as well. It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call "loss of memory" is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new things at too fast a pace. In the cases where the older person's mind really seems to decay, it is not necessary a sign of decay due to old age. Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state.

Slide37: 

14. According to Dr. Jarvik's studies, middle-aged and older persons would expect to _____. A. lose no intellectual ability B. lose some reasoning ability C. lose some learning ability D. learn fewer new things 15. Mental decay due to aging is _____. A. much more common than most people believe B. a fact that everybody knows C. only true of those over sixty D. much less common than most people realize 16. A long term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that ______. A. their minds became a bit more active as they grew older B. their memory was not as good as once it had been C. they could not reason as fast as they used to D. they lost a little ability to reason over the years 17. According to the passage, all the following are causes of "incomplete learning" except ____. A. speed reading B. poor hearing C. bad eyesight D. lack of attention 18. What we call mental decay is usually a sign of ____. A. old age B. a low-spirited state C. a worsening state of health D. nervous tension

Slide38: 

Section B Short Question Answer (9%) Question 19 is based on the following passage: Slippery Eddie, the infamous pickpocket, was back at work, and every detective had to be especially vigilant. Eddie’s technique was to jostle a victim towards a confederate(同伙) who would then slip the man’s wallet out of his back pocket while Eddie was stammering an apology to the confused victim. Within a week the incipient crime-wave came to an end when Slippery Eddie chose the chief of police for his victim. Although Eddie loathes Sing Sing. It’s his permanent address now. 19. Why did Eddie apologize to the victim? _______________________________________________________

Slide39: 

Question 20 is based on the following passage: It is unusual now for father to continue his trade or other employment at home, and his children rarely, if ever, see him at his place of work. Boys are therefore seldom trained to follow their father's occupation, and in many towns they have a fairly wide choice of employment and so do girls. The young wage - earner often earns good money, and soon acquires a feeling of economic independence. In textile areas it has long been customary for mothers to go out to work, but this practice has become so widespread that the working mother is now a not unusual factor in a child's home life, the number of married women in employment having more than doubled in the last twenty - five years. With mother earning and his older children drawing substantial wages, father is seldom the dominant figure that he still was at the beginning of the century. When mother works, economic advantages increase, but children lose something of great value if mother's employment prevents her from being home to greet them when they return from school. 20. The chief reason that boys are seldom trained to follow their father's occupation is that ____________________________________________________________.

Slide40: 

PART II GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (30%) 21. When she was criticized, she claimed that it was outside her ____of responsibility. A. field B. area C. era D. range 22. "Do you think that the labor bill will be passed?" "Oh, yes. It's ____ that it will." A. almost surely B. very likely C. near positive D. quite certainly 23. Follow the advice given in these books, and your _____ of getting employed in an international company will be much better. A expect B. condition C. prospects D. property 24. There are many kinds of metals, _____ its special properties. A. each having B. every having C. each has D. one has 25. You are too rigid: you must learn to change your plans when the situation ____ it. A. calls on B. calls for C. calls forth D. calls in 26. Where there is an earthquake, energy is ______ in one area along a crack in the earth crust. A. hushed B. released C. pushed D. rushed 27. _____ trouble, I' 11 forget the whole thing. A. Rather than caused B. Than rather caused C. Than rather causing D. Rather than cause

Slide41: 

28. When business is______, there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment. A. impressed B. depressed C. impulse D. expressed 29. President Jimmy gave a brief _____ of the history of the university before the opening of the conference. A. comment B. reference C. account D. preference 30. In selecting a material, the engineer's interest is in its properties which determine how it will perform under the loads and condition _____ it is subject. A. in that B. which C. in which D. to which 31. Following are comments about the behavior that people in Korea usually expect on various social __ A. occasions B. cases C. situations D. circumstances 32. Though he views himself as a realist, Michael says that his findings make him very ____ about future. A. optimistic B. objective C. precautious D. sympathetic 33. His classmates have _____a total of 12,400 yuan for the student who had a major operation last week. A. applied B. attitude C. concentrated D. contributed 34. These books are both interesting and instructive. No wonder they __ the reading public. A. appeal to B. apply to C. approve of D. appalled to

Slide42: 

35. The boy slipped out of the mom and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _____. A. constant B. conviction C. consent D. resent 36. I don’t think it wise to _____ too much significance to these opinion polls since many people were not serious when answering questions. A. attach B. obtain C. attain D. gain 37. Although the main characters in the fiction are so true to life, they are certainly __ A. imagining B. imaginative C. imaginable D. imaginary 38. The magnificent scene was _____ before the climbers when they reached the summit. A. spread out B. shown off C. indicated D. laid out 39. By controlling air movement, air conditioning brings fresh air into a room and pushes out _____ air. A. stale B. slim C. faint D. feeble 40. Great efforts to increase wheat production must be made if bread shortages ____ avoided. A. will be B. can be C. are to be D. were to be 41. Every TV company _____that it will offer a better service. A. claims B. acclaims C. entitles D. exclaims

Slide43: 

42. Weather satellites, communications satellites and probes have one feature ______: they are unmanned. A. in common B. in detail C. at length D. in general 43. He is no one to ______ to rules and regulations blindly. A. confirm B. conform C. inform D. perform 44. According to official statistics, retail sales in China rose 10% and 12.2% in the first and the second quarter _____this year. A. accordingly B. correspondingly C. respectively D. individually 45. The airhostess _____ the passengers that the plane would land safely in spite of the storm. A. assured B. reassured C. ensured D. insured 46. Although he is over 60 now, he still cannot forget the traffic accident 30 years ago of which his ______ is really a miracle. A. result B. survival C. protest D. prospect 47. When the enemy withdrew, much of the heavy equipment was ____. A. turned down B. left to C. left behind D. left out 48. Your _____ of catching the train will be much better if you go to the station by taxi instead of walking. A. circumstances B. situations C. conditions D. chances

Slide44: 

49. I tell you, _____ people just don't do things like that on a formal occasion. A. resent B. consent C. capable D. decent 50. "During last decade, there have been many changes in family life." "Are these changes _______?" A. for the good or for the bad B. for the worse or for the better C. for worse or for better D. for the worst or for the best

Slide45: 

Answer Sheet to Test 12 Part I Reading Comprehension (36%) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 16. 17. 18. (9%) 19. _________________________________________________________________. 20. _________________________________________________________________. Part II Vocabulary and Sentence Structure (30%) 21. 26. 31. 36. 41. 46. 22. 27. 32. 37. 42. 47. 23. 28. 33. 38. 43. 48 24. 29. 34. 39. 44. 49. 25. 30. 35. 40. 45. 50.

Slide46: 

KEYS TO TEST 12 Part I Reading Comprehension (36%) 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.A 18.B (9%) 19. (omitted) 20. (omitted) Part II Vocabulary and Sentence Structure (30%) 21.D 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.B 26.B 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D 31.A 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.C 36.A 37.D 38.D 39.A 40.C 41.A 42.A 43.B 44.C 45.B 46.B 47.C 48.D 49.D 50.B

Chinese Translation of the Text : 

Chinese Translation of the Text 第十二课译文 计算机与你息息相关 剑桥大学的数学教授查尔斯·巴巴奇于一八一二年发明第一部计算机的时候，几乎无法设想我们今天的情形。在现代世界里所做的一切几乎都是由计算机（即他所发明的简单机器的复杂后代）来相助甚至由计算机来控制。计算机正是因为其效率远远高于人，才在当代世界上得到越来越广泛的应用。比起人来，它具有强得多的记忆功能，并可以储存大量信息。同样的运算，计算机只需数学家所用时间的极小部分即可完成。现在还没有任何世人能在一秒钟内完成五十万次运算，但是先进的计算机却可以做到。事实上我们所做的许多事情，都可以由计算机来完成，而且做得又好又快。他们可以用来支付工资，预订机票，控制工厂里的机器，做出次日的气象预报，甚至下棋、写诗或作曲。我们来看看计算机是怎样与我们的日常生活和工作息息相关的吧。

Slide48: 

计算机和现金 银行经理伍兹先生，对计算机控制现金的方式进行了一番探讨:“我想我们的大多数顾客会意识到，在现代银行业务中，我们广泛地使用了计算机。他们会看到他们支票上的编码是以一种计算机能够认识的特殊方式打印——计算机似乎只喜欢呈方块形的数字。当顾客来银行查询自己的帐目时，银行职员不再把写满收支项目的大帐簿拿给他们看，而是从计算机里取出一份打印好的报告单，上面载有该顾客账户上所有现金或支票的收支细目。我们不需要随身携带现金甚至支票簿的日子已为期不远了。我们单位的计算机将把我们的工资数告诉银行的计算机，而政府部门的计算机就把我们应当缴的税额通知银行计算机。到那时我们外出购物时，只须在收款处出示一种特殊的卡片即可以了。卡片上的编码将输入商店的计算机，再由它与银行的计算机核实我们的户头上是否有足够的现金支付货款，也可查实该卡片是否是窃来的。如果一切核实无误，不同科目的编码将输入计算机，需付金额将从我们的户头上提取，但不过是用计算机处理罢了。现金易手之事就不会再有了。计算机购货如同计算机银行业务一样，将是迅速、安全而且顺利的办法。”

Slide49: 

计算机与保健 护士彭尼·阿特金斯在一家现代化的大医院工作。 “现在我们在医学方面大量使用计算机。比如，我上班的那家医院，我们通过计算机与病人会诊，这就省去了大量的时间，用计算机保存病历也是如此。这样做也是省地方，因为一条计算机磁带所能储存的信息量比一张纸大得多。另一个优越之处是任何想了解某一位患者病情的人都可以很快或者甚至与别人同时得到这方面的情况。他只要按动计算机按键就是了。过去，大夫有可能把病历拿到他自己的房间，而且一放就是几个星期，这就会给其他人到来困难。实际上，计算机比人更能尽医生的职责。计算机从不会有缺少睡眠的苦恼，因此也就不会漏掉重要情况，由于计算机从不会忘记所接受的指令，所以它们往往可以更准确地查出患者病症，定出针对该病人的最佳治疗方案，有些人甚至认为我们应当定期用计算机进行体检；这样我们就能在发病初期治愈大多数疾患，我们花在医院的时间就会减少，因而对我们这些过分劳累的护士来说，未来也就会更美好了！”

Slide50: 

计算机缉拿罪犯 首席巡官哈斯顿谈到有关计算机协助警方对付犯罪的种种手段。 “虽然大多数时候侦破工作是费时且有令人厌烦的差事，但民众却常常以为此项工作可以迅速完成而又振奋人心。比如，办窃车案的侦探也许不得不细心查阅一系列的案情介绍，而在这段时间里窃贼却可从容地逃之夭夭。有了新设的国家治安计算机中心，我们只须花费传统做法所需时间的极小部分就能查出有关车主及其驾驶执照的详细情况。同时我们正在研制用计算机储存指纹乃至人的相貌资料的系统设备。我们有可能编出供视觉图像用的代码，并且把计算机和录像机联系起来使用。这样，我们就能够指示计算机从中挑出我们真正需要的照片，并且将可疑分子的照片显示在录像机屏幕上进行检查。而无须再去查阅一本本相片册，治安工作中速度是头等重要的，所以计算机是协助我们缉拿罪犯的理想工具。唯一难办的问题是现在又出现了一种新型犯罪---即懂得用欺骗计算机的办法窃得巨款的行家里手，而这种人又确实难以缉拿归案。”

Slide51: 

计算机服务于人文科学 一位叫做玛丽·瓦茨的大学图书管理员指出，计算机不仅为自然科学服务也为人文科学服务。 “我想许多人都把计算机和理科及数学联系起来，不过计算机对其他学科如历史、文学等方面的学者也是非常有帮助的，现在学者有可能迅速地查到他所需要的书和文章，这在每年都出版上百万或更多部书的今天，无疑是一个莫大的优越性。现在有一种计算机控制的系统，其功能是给图书编码，将书籍印在缩微胶片上，缩小其体积，并把3000多部书存入仅仅相当于洗衣机大小的容器内。如果你把自己感兴趣的课题告诉计算机，它便可以在数秒钟内提供你所需要的缩微胶片。这有如向一位博览过该课题的所有论著并且记得所需资料来源的专家求教，而这一点几乎没有一个专家能够做到；还有其它一些系统也在研制之中，其功能是用计算机翻译外国杂志上的文章，编辑现代图书馆所需各种资料目录。所以说计算机能够以许多方式帮助我们应付知识爆炸。我们可以想象得出，未来的某一个时期，图书馆将由计算机管理，而根本无须人来照料。假如上述设想在我有生之年得以实现，我倒希望能有架计算机帮我另谋一个职业！”