PowerPoint Presentation: A BASIC GRAMMAR OF FILM
PowerPoint Presentation: SEQUENCE Forms a distinct narrative unit Unity of action / Unity of purpose
PowerPoint Presentation: SCENE Describes an action that takes place in a single location and continuous time Screen time = diegetic time
PowerPoint Presentation: SHOT A single continuous recording made by the camera
PowerPoint Presentation: FRAME A single still image
PowerPoint Presentation: TYPES OF SHOTS
PowerPoint Presentation: Shot scale (or camera distance)
PowerPoint Presentation: Extreme Long shot (XLS) Gone With the Wind, Victor Fleming, MGM, 1939 .
PowerPoint Presentation: Long shot (LS) From Roman Holidays , William Wyler , Paramount Pictures, 1953.
Medium long shot (MLS) / three-quarter shot: Medium long shot (MLS) / three -quarter shot
Medium shot (MS): Medium shot (MS) The Social Network , David Fincher , Sony Pictures , 2010
PowerPoint Presentation: Medium close-up (MCU) Casablanca , Michael Curtiz , Warner Bros, 1942
PowerPoint Presentation: Two - shot One subject in MCU in the foreground + One subject in MS in the background
Close-up (CU): Close-up (CU) The Long Goodbye , Robert Altman, Lion’s Gate Films, 1973
PowerPoint Presentation: Extreme close-up (XCU) Citizen Kane , Orson Welles, 1941, RKO P ictures
PowerPoint Presentation: Insert / Cut -in Covers action already covered in the master shot but emhasizes a different aspect of that action
PowerPoint Presentation: 2. Depth of field , camera angle, and camera movements
PowerPoint Presentation: DEPTH OF FIELD Distance between the nearest and farthest objects that appear sharp in a shot Long depth of field Citizen Kane
PowerPoint Presentation: Short depth of field From The Silence of the Lambs , Jonathan Demme , Orion Pictures Corporation, 1991
PowerPoint Presentation: CAMERA ANGLES Guide the audience’s judgement about the objects and characters in a shot
PowerPoint Presentation: Bird’s eye view The Birds , Alfred Hitchcock, Universal, 1963.
PowerPoint Presentation: High-angle shot The Shadow of a Doubt , Alfred Hitchcock, 1943.
PowerPoint Presentation: Eye- level shot Cleopatra , Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1963, Twentieth Century Fox
PowerPoint Presentation: Low -angle shot Citizen Kane
Canted /oblique / Dutch angle: Canted /oblique / Dutch angle Pickup on South Street , Samuel Fuller, 20 th Century Fox,1953.
PowerPoint Presentation: CAMERA MOVEMENTS Give their specificity to cinematic images
PowerPoint Presentation: DOLLY SHOTS/TRACKING SHOTS Camera moves forward = tracking in Camera moves backward = tracking out Camera moves sideways
PowerPoint Presentation: PANNING/PAN SHOT Scans a scene horizontally W hen scans a scene vertically : called « tilt »
PowerPoint Presentation: HAND-HELD SHOTS Since 1970’s : smooth thanks to the Steadicam Denote a certain kind of realism Audience feeling part of the scene
PowerPoint Presentation: 3. Editing The art of combining shots into a coherent whole
PowerPoint Presentation: LONG TAKE/SINGLE SHOT/SEQUENCE SHOT Describes a whole scene ( even a whole sequence ) without any cut The Rope , Alfred Hitchcock, 1948, Warner Bros.
PowerPoint Presentation: Long shot example : the opening scene of Touch of Evil by O. Welles
PowerPoint Presentation: CUT Abrupt change of shot from one viewpoint or location to another Changes scene , compresses time, varies point of view
PowerPoint Presentation: MATCHED CUT Establishes logical relationship between shots JUMP CUT ( When two shots don’t match)
PowerPoint Presentation: FADE AND DISSOLVE Gradual transition between shots Fade-in / Fade-out Dissolve = one shot merging into another
PowerPoint Presentation: MATCH ON ACTION
PowerPoint Presentation: EYE-LINE MATCH
PowerPoint Presentation: SHOT / REVERSE SHOT Deemphasizes transitions beween shots Very commonly used in dialogues
PowerPoint Presentation: CROSS-CUTTING Describes actions occurring at the same time in two different locations Expresses simultaneity / Creates suspense / Suggests parallels , contrasts , dichotomies…
PowerPoint Presentation: 3 TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SHOTS Time relationships Spatial relationships Thematic relationships 2 BASIC FUNCTIONS Ensures continuity Organizes seperate units into discourse Creates rhythm
PowerPoint Presentation: THE KULESHOV EXPERIMENT Editing changes the viewer’s interpretation of the whole scene