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Processes that Shape the Earth: Processes that Shape the Earth Joniqua & Jorge


Benchmarks: Benchmarks


Grade Level Expectations: Grade Level Expectations Students should know that 75 % of the surface of the Earth is covered by water. The students should understands the different stages of the water cycle (for example, evaporation, condensation, precipitation). Water Bowl Challenge (75% of the Earth’s Surface is covered in water)


How Much Do You Know About Water?: How Much Do You Know About Water?


What are the 3 properties of water and at what temperatures can they form?: What are the 3 properties of water and at what temperatures can they form? States of water


Where does 97% of the water exist in the world?: Where does 97% of the water exist in the world? Oceans Ice caps & glaciers Lakes, swamps, & rivers Ground water Plants, soil, & trees Humans Ans: Oceans – are saline “salty” water sources that are not potable (drinkable) for human consumption Remaining 3% is potable Ice caps & glaciers = 68.7% (potable) Lakes, swamps, & rivers = 87%, 11%, 2% (potable) Ground water = 30.1% (potable)


FACT: Earth’s Oceans: FACT: Earth’s Oceans Oceans cover about 70% of the Earth's surface. Saline sources of water therefore they are not potable (drinkable) 4 basic movements: Wave- Up and down movement of ocean water Tide – Ocean daily change of water level Storm Surge - large waves that occur during hurricanes. Tsunami – giants waves cause by Earthquakes or Volcanic Eruption


Why are the Oceans Movements Important?: Why are the Oceans Movements Important? ANS: Ocean Movements Shape the Coast Shore – Area where the ocean and coastland meet and interact. Tide Pool – forms along a rocky shore line. Headland – is a rocky point at the shore. Jetty – is a man made wall structure of rocks.


What benefits does the ocean provide to us?: What benefits does the ocean provide to us? Food (Fish, Crabs, Algae, Shells, etc..) Minerals (Salt, Calcium, Copper, Iron, etc…) Energy All of the above


How long can a person go without water?: How long can a person go without water? 3 days 2 days 2 weeks 1 day


Human Body and Water: Human Body and Water Blood is 83% water Brain is 74% water Muscles are 75% water Bone is 22% water


Slide13: Water Cycle Water Cycle Vocabulary Water Conservation


Water cycle: Water cycle A constant recycling process of the water.


Water Cycle: Water Cycle http://gwec.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/watergraphic_low.jpg


Water Cycle Vocabulary: Water Cycle Vocabulary Evaporation - liquid water becoming a gas Condensation - water vapor that becomes a liquid Precipitation - water that falls back down to the Earth as rain, snow or hail. Transpiration – sweat from plants Percolation – water moving downward through openings in the soil Surface runoff -water that flows due to a change of ground elevation example ( hill or mountain). Aquifer – natural underground water storage tank


Water Technology Facility: Water Technology Facility


Slide18: Waste Water Treatment Process www.city.toronto.on.ca/water/wastewater_treatment/process.htm


Coagulation: Coagulation The chemicals added react with Organic compounds (“essential nutrients that cause many things to grow”) Metals Suspended particles That are found in water to form tiny sticky particles called "floc”. Monitor pH during chemical coagulation addition. Stop adding coagulant if pH drops below 6.0.


Rapid Mixing: Rapid Mixing First, the water arrives from a lake, river, or well and is pumped into rapid mixing tanks. These tanks rapidly mix the chemicals added into the water during coagulation. **High mixing will break apart the “flocs” and the yucky stuff that we were try to remove from the water will remain ** Rapid mixing is extended for short period of time from 5 to 15 minutes


Sedimentation: Sedimentation A big portion of the impurities are removed and the clear water moves to filtration. The “floc” gets heavier and settles to the bottom of the tank. Flocs are pumped out of the bottom of the tank and sent to the belt press


Filtration: Filtration The water passes through filters, some made of layers of Sand gravel Charcoal that helps to remove the rest of the impurities.


Disinfection: Disinfection Most of the nutrients, metals, and other solids are removed from water: chlorine , ozone (only drinking water), or chloramines is added as a disinfectant. Another alternative is Ultra-violent radiation (known as UV) The disinfectants kill bacteria Viruses DBP’s – disinfectant byproducts which become harmful to humans. This ensures that the discharge water is safe. Chlorine addition is designed to be in the water long enough to continue to kill “bad” microorganisms until water reaches the first client.


Where did all of the solid floating stuff go?: Where did all of the solid floating stuff go? It’s thickened using a polymer or chemical addition during the coagulation/flocculation process and pumped out of the sedimentation tank This helps to make it easier to form a solid sheet of slurry Sent to the belt press to be de-watered Becomes “bio-solids” and is used as fertilizers by farmers, sod companies, landscapers, and other people


Slide25: All of Austin’s Sewage Sludge – 1 million gallons per day 99% water


Slide26: Zilker Park Soccer Field – Dillo Dirt test Urban Soil Restoration Tool - Compost


Activities: Activities Word Scramble Puzzle Cycle Human body and Water Workbook Applets/other


Activities: Activities Trivia Facts Matching Water Cycle Boogie Model Aquifer Global Warming Movie


"THE WATER CYCLE BOOGIE": "THE WATER CYCLE BOOGIE" Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Saturation, Percolation, and Store. And the water cycle boogie goes 'round and round, And the water cycle boogie goes up and down. REPEAT twice [or your choice]


References: References www.cool-fuel.com Harcourt Science, 4th grade “The Chameleon cover", Harcourt School Publisher, Unit D pp.30-50. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ocean/ Harcourt Science, 5th grade “The Frog cover", Harcourt School Publisher, Unit C pp.90-120. Water matching: www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_matching.html Water puzzle: www.epa.gov/waterscience/standards/crossword.pdf Water cycle: www.marietta.edu/ ~biol/102/ecosystem.html http://web.visionlearning.com/custom/chemistry/animations/CHE1.1-an-threestates.shtml