REDUCED EMISSIONSfromDEFORESTATION and forest DEGRADATION in AFRICA :REDUCED EMISSIONSfromDEFORESTATION and forest DEGRADATION in AFRICA Kanyinke Sena, IPACC Marrakesh, Morocco 5th-10 October, 2008.


Slide 2:REDUCED EMISSIONS from DEFORESTATION and DEGRADATION in DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. IPCC estimates 20% of global GHG emissions result from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in developing countries. Necessitates an Immediate need to reduce deforestation and degradation First introduced to the UNFCCC agenda at COP 11 by Papua New Guinea and Costa Rica supported by 8 other countries. WHAT IS REDD?


Slide 5:The challenge was to establish a functioning international REDD finance mechanism that can be included in an agreed post-2012 global climate change framework. Progress has been made and the need to meet the challenge is now reflected in the Bali Action Plan, arrived at COP13 in Bali, Indonesia A functioning international REDD finance mechanism needs to be able to provide the appropriate revenue streams to the right people at the right time to make it worthwhile for them to change their forest resource use behaviour.


BALI ACTION PLAN highlights :Enhanced Action on Mitigation of Climate Change Enhanced Action on Adaptation to Climate Change Enhanced Action on the Development and Transfer of Technology to support Mitigation and Adaptation. Enhanced Action on the Provision of Financial Resources and Investment to Support Mitigation and Adaptation. BALI ACTION PLAN highlights


CLAMOUR FOR FINANCING :WORLD BANK - ‘the bank is seeking financial leadership not only in carbon financing but in other climate change related financing’ UN-REDD – Program, collaboration with FCPF Norway fund Brazilian fund CLAMOUR FOR FINANCING


REDD in Africa post Bali :Africa: the Ready for REDD Forum at the UNFCCC Climate Change talks in Accra (21-27 August); A Special Ministerial Session on REDD and Climate Change during the Ministerial Council of the Central African Forest Commission – COMIFAC in Bangui (9-11 September ), and 23 Oct, Washington REDD in Africa post Bali


Cont.. :NGO’s - Africa Forest Forum Workshop on Climate Change and Variability in Africa in Nairobi (23-25 September). Private Sector – Katoomba group IPACC - Bujumbura, Marrakesh UNPFII – Philippines, Nov 08 Cont..


Key Questions for Africa :How is Africa going to approach the negotiations leading up to a post 2012 arrangement in Copenhagen in 2009? How ready is Africa for REDD (governments, civil society, IPs, local communities, and private sector)? Key Questions for Africa


Africa’s Strategy :To adopt a common position given the stakes of the upcoming REDD negotiations with the common position adequately recognizing the diversity of interests in the region with respect to humid forests, dry forests, dry lands and woodlands. Africa’s Strategy


Guiding Principle :The different African forests require different approaches. Funding and negotiations around REDD is currently focussed on wet forest, significantly marginalising dry forest countries which constitute most of Africa. REDD activities in dry forest areas will yield major adaptation benefits. Guiding Principle


Slide 13:Through COMIFAC, The Congo Basin group of countries is the most advanced in developing a common position ‘They are floating the idea of an “allowance for development or permissible emissions due to development.”


Africa readying for REDD :African countries are clamouring for REDD financing through the UN-REDD and the World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility and CDM mechanisms Africa readying for REDD


UN - REDD :Jointly managed by UNDP-FAO-UNEP Countries earmarked in Africa are Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia. Partnership with the FCPF UN - REDD


Forest Carbon Partnership Facility :Managed by the World Bank Carbon Finance Unit Has two funds - A READINESS FUND - A CARBON FUND Forest Carbon Partnership Facility


The readiness fund :Is the capacity building fund to help REDD countries in developing: National reference scenarios for emissions of deforestation and degradation National REDD strategy National Monitoring, Verification and Reporting systems “the FCPF is placing emphasis on Participatory consultation processes with key relevant stakeholders to include forest dependent people and indigenous peoples in the readiness processes” The readiness fund


FCPF R-pins :The FCPF asked interested developing countries to submit request for the readiness funds by assessing certain issues, to include: the causes and drivers of deforestation, looking at forest policies, assessing institutional frameworks, consultation with relevent stakeholders to include indigenous peoples, forest governance and monitoring. FCPF R-pins


Slide 19:These were rated by a technical advisory panel and ranked according to quality of R-PIN only. The Participants Committee comprising donor and recipient governments selected the countries to benefit.


Africa in the FCPF :In July, 08 -Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar were accepted. In Oct, 08 – Ethiopia, Uganda, Cameroon, Republic of Congo. Africa in the FCPF


R-PINs to R-PLANS :The Selected countries will each receive US$ 200 000 to prepare an R-PLAN Template If the R-PLAN is approved a country will receive US$ 3.2 M to address the issues raised in the R-PLANS. Only 5 Countries will be eligible to receive Carbon Finance post 2012. R-PINs to R-PLANS


IP rights in the African R-PINs :IP rights in the African R-PINs


As usual ... :REDD target areas are IP territories Most African countries did not recognize IPs or their rights to their territories or their skills in forest governance and monitoring. (nor data on IPs) (unconstitutional, does not apply, mistaken identity ) As usual ...


Slide 24:No consultations or involvement of IPs in R-PIN stage. Forestry situation is looked at in the form of logging concessions, SFM not rights based In general Some REDD programs Focus on wet forests and not dry forest (However, FCPF is inclusive- national scenarios) – implications for HG/Pastoralists.


National Planned activities R-Plan :Formation of a National REDD Committee: -inter-ministerial forum -Consultative Process Development of Reference Scenarios Development of REDD strategies Development of Monitoring, Verification and Report systems National Planned activities R-Plan


The Climate Investment Funds :The Climate Investment Funds utilize capabilities, skills and core principles of Multi-lateral Donors Banks to deliver financing, at a significant scale, to unleash the potential of the public and private sectors to address climate change.


Some funds under CIF :The Forest Investment Program Growing Partnership Program Others Some funds under CIF


Forest Investment Program :Aimed mobilizing significantly increased funds to reduce DD and promote SFM, leading to emission reductions and protection of carbon reservoirs. Large Scale investments in:- Institutional capacity building, Forest Governance, Information Investment outside the forest sector Forest Investment Program


Growing Forest Partnership :It aims to make forestry truly sustainable by building and strengthening new partnerships that links local and global processes and promotes decision-making on the international stage to reflect the views and needs of forest dwellers. A capacity building fund that will focus on enhancing existing, and forging new partnerships for action over the next three years Growing Forest Partnership


Other processes :Indigenous Communities Conserved Areas – IUCN world conservation congress (ICCA). Carbon financing is open to exploring these idea. UNPFII – processes to consolidate the IPs voice – Philippines, Alaska in the run up to Copenhagen. (Africa IP need to be seriously involved with representation across the board). UNFCCC COP 14 – Poznan, Poland – IPACC sending a small team, other organizations too. (coordinated African IP message necessary and should start in Marrakesh). CBD Philippines , London - what message did they develop Other processes


For Pastoralists … :The best option would be engagement through UN CCD – under financed FCPF – insistence on national scenarios (CAR example). Climate Investment Funds For Pastoralists …


Lobbying issues :Partnership with governments in tackling climate change through the Recognition and inclusion of Traditional Mitigation and Adaptation knowledge systems . STRATEGY Use of Information Technology to deliver this message –web2, videos, media, blogs etc. Partnerships with NGO’s and other Sectors Lobbying issues


Urgent needs :Identify and work with the UNFCCC focal points in our respective countries (MENR) Get the National Adaptation Programmes of Action. If your country has been selected to join the FCPF, follow the formulation of the R-PLAN. (IPACC secretariat to coordinate with the FCPF). Indentify and contact the Bingo’s in your country as they will probably be involved. Urgent needs


LET’s be proactive :LETS NOT WAIT FOR FUNDING TO COME BEFORE WE ACT Chances are that the funding will never come And when it finally comes, it will go to the few who will have been struggling to follow the process And mostly, they will be non-indigenous. LET’s be proactive


:BELIEVE