lect 12 Met Rx2 hydro

Metamorphic & Hydrothermal Rocks II: 

Metamorphic & Hydrothermal Rocks II . Photo Credit: R. Weller

Metamorphic Rock Classification: 

Metamorphic Rock Classification

Non- foliated Metamorphic Rocks: 

Non- foliated Metamorphic Rocks Limestone -> Marble Quartz sandstone -> Quartzite Shale/Basalt -> Horfels

Marble - Metamorphosed Limestone: 

Marble - Metamorphosed Limestone

Slide5: 

Carrara Marble Quarry Michelangelo’s David Image source: Ian Britton Image Source: The Digital Michelangelo Project

Stirling Quartzite - 540 MyBP: 

Stirling Quartzite - 540 MyBP Well preserved cross-bedding http://digital-desert.com/death-valley-geology/stirling-quartzite.html

Horfels - Contact Metamorphic Rock: 

Horfels - Contact Metamorphic Rock Photo credit: R. Weller

Slate Outcrop - Antarctica: 

Slate Outcrop - Antarctica

Foliated Metamorphic Rocks: 

Foliated Metamorphic Rocks Slate: contains clays and other sheet silicates Phyllite: dominated by muscovite mica Schist: contains biotite, muscovite, amphibole, and garnet Gneiss: alternating layers of qtz/fsp and biotite/amphibole

Slate hand specimen: 

Slate hand specimen

Phyllite: 

Phyllite NB Crenulation cleavage and silky luster

Garnet Mica Schist: 

Garnet Mica Schist Garnet Mica

Gneiss: 

Gneiss NB Banding: Qtz + Fsp & Ferromagnesian minerals

Crustal Metamorphism of Shale: 

Crustal Metamorphism of Shale ~30 km thick ~9 kbar pressure Overburden increases with depth!

Scottish Barrovian Zones in Pelites: 

Scottish Barrovian Zones in Pelites Regional metamorphism and deformation related to the Paleozoic Caledonide Orogeny (NA-EUR collision). 13 km thick section. First described by Barrow (1893). From Gillen, 1982 Low Grade High Grade

P-T-time Paths: 

P-T-time Paths

Convergent Margin Metamorphism Animation: 

Convergent Margin Metamorphism Animation

Basalt -> Granulite -> Eclogite Stability Fields: 

Basalt -> Granulite -> Eclogite Stability Fields NaAlSi3O8 = NaAlSi2O6 + SiO2 albite jadeite qtz CaAl2Si2O8 + 2(Mg,Fe)SiO3 = Ca(Mg,Fe)2Al2Si3O12 + SiO2 anorthite opx garnet qtz BASALT ECLOGITE

Basalt to Eclogite: 

Basalt to Eclogite Photo credits: USGS, A. Alden, Union College Garnet + Pyroxene Plagioclase + Pyroxene + Olivine

Regional Metamorphic Rocks - Summary: 

Regional Metamorphic Rocks - Summary

Shock Metamorphism: 

Shock Metamorphism Related to impacts of objects on planetary surfaces (asteroids and meteorites). Deformation (metamorphism) is extremely rapid and transient. Achieve much higher peak metamorphic temperatures and pressures than commonly observed in terrestrial environments. Products include impact breccias, melts (tektites), and planer deformation features in quartz and feldspar.

Meteor Crater, AZ: 

Meteor Crater, AZ

Canyon Diablo Iron Meteorite: 

Canyon Diablo Iron Meteorite

Planetary Impact Structures: 

Planetary Impact Structures Apollo 11 Image: The Moon Galileo Image: Ganymede From: http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo.html

Impact Simulation - Gravity Dominated Model: 

Impact Simulation - Gravity Dominated Model Simulation by: James Richardson and H. Jay Melosh, Univ. of Arizona Comet Impact Body: 1.5 g/cc 6 x 3 km

Shock Metamorphism P/T Conditions: 

Shock Metamorphism P/T Conditions

PDS in Shocked Quartz: 

PDS in Shocked Quartz From: http://www.impact-structures.com/ Planar Deformation Structures

Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism: 

Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism Hydrothermal Processes Hydrothermal Activity at Divergent Plate Boundaries  Metasomatism Hydrothermal Rocks and Minerals  Sources of Water

Ridge Crest - Hydrothermal Metamorphism: 

Ridge Crest - Hydrothermal Metamorphism

Submarine Pillow Basalt Formation: 

Submarine Pillow Basalt Formation

Active Black Smoker Video: 

Active Black Smoker Video From: http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/expeditions/blacksmokers/gallery.html Main Endeavor Hydrothermal Vent Field on the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge at 47°57' N, 129°06' W. Video from the ROV Jason obtained by J. Delaney & V. Robigou, Univ. of Washington.

Contact Metamorphic Aureole: 

Contact Metamorphic Aureole

Hydrothermal Metamorphism - Intrusions: 

Hydrothermal Metamorphism - Intrusions

Ore-bearing veins: 

Ore-bearing veins

Vein Formation Animation: 

Vein Formation Animation

Bingham Canyon copper mine, UT: 

Bingham Canyon copper mine, UT Pit is 800 m deep 4 km wide Mining began in 1863 40,000 kg of TNT used 60,000 tons of ore removed Disseminated ore deposit. Only 0.6% copper by wt. Since 1904, 12 x 106 tons of Cu extracted.

Convergent Margin Hydrothermal Metamorphism: 

Convergent Margin Hydrothermal Metamorphism

Hydrothermal Summary: 

Hydrothermal Summary