NATIONAL SECTOR MONITORING1

NATIONAL WATER SECTOR MONITORING: THE MALAYSIA CASE STUDY : NATIONAL WATER SECTOR MONITORING: THE MALAYSIA CASE STUDY ENGKU AZMAN TUAN MAT DEPUTY DIRECTOR ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia


INTRODUCTION : INTRODUCTION Water Supply Systems in Malaysia are divided into two main categories, which is optimal access or also known as public water supply where the raw water undergo basic treatment process. Another category is intermediate access where the public water supply at present is not reachable to certain rural areas. However, to ensure safe water is supplied to those areas, several ‘interim’ initiatives have been carried out by the Government agencies, such as The Environmental Sanitation and Water Supply Programme (RESP) or also known as BAKAS. Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia


INTRODUCTION : INTRODUCTION Sanitation (sewerage) Systems in Malaysia may be divided into two categories. In urban (Local Council) areas, it is a requirement of all dwellers and institutions to have proper latrines and connected to an approved sewerage system. Another category is in rural setup, whereby sanitation facilities is provided under The Environmental Sanitation and Water Supply Programme (RESP). RESP is a community based programme whereby the project are planned, designed, constructed and maintained by or with the involvement of the community concerned. Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia


IMPORTANCE OF WATER and SANITATION : IMPORTANCE OF WATER and SANITATION


OBJECTIVE : OBJECTIVE The objective of water supply (and sanitation) programme (MOH) is: Raise the standards of health by ensuring the safety and acceptability of the drinking water provided to the public within the standard stipulated reducing the incidence of water related diseases or intoxication associated with poor quality and sanitation Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia


Water supply and sanitation development in Malaysia : Water supply and sanitation development in Malaysia Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia URBAN WATER SUPPLY The first formal water supply system in the country began in Pulau Pinang in 1804. Treatment plants were built to serve large towns, the oldest plants were in Pulau Pinang and Kuala Lumpur. Before second world war, all the major towns had treated water supply however during the Japanese occupations (1940-1945) no expansion in the water supply system. Major development took an upturn after the nation gain independence from British in 1957


Water supply and sanitation development in Malaysia : Water supply and sanitation development in Malaysia Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia RURAL WATER SUPPLY Pilot project on rural water supply was initiated in 1968 Rural water supply was officially accepted as a program in the 3rd Malaysia Plan (1976-1980) Intensive efforts and emphasis given to rural water supply in the subsequent development plans had brought more and more piped water to the traditional rural areas.


Water supply and sanitation development in Malaysia : Water supply and sanitation development in Malaysia Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia URBAN SANITATION Before 1993, Local Authorities approved the types of sewerage system for any development in their area of operation. MOH would provide technical advice and guidance whenever requested . By 1993 when the sewerage sector is federalised, the Sewerage Services Department is the agency responsible for sewerage sector development in the country.


Water supply and sanitation development in Malaysia : Water supply and sanitation development in Malaysia Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia RURAL SANITATION Government of Malaysia through Ministry of Health had initiated a pilot project for Rural Environmental Sanitation Programme (RESP) in 1968, which incorporate four basic elements: Community participation Health education Appropriate technology Training. In 1973 the federal Government in its mid-term review of Second Malaysia Plan has decided to established the National Rural Environmental Sanitation Programme (RESP)


Water Well System with Hand Pump : Water Well System with Hand Pump


Construction of Water Well System i.e. connected to Houses : Construction of Water Well System i.e. connected to Houses


Water Well System Connected to Tank House and Pump House : Water Well System Connected to Tank House and Pump House


Rain Water Collection System : Rain Water Collection System


Sanitary Latrine at Village : Sanitary Latrine at Village


Sullage Disposal System : Sullage Disposal System


Solid Waste Disposal System : Solid Waste Disposal System


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WATER BORNE DISEASES INCIDENCE : WATER BORNE DISEASES INCIDENCE Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia The water and sanitation programmes has the ultimate objectives of preventing the transmission of water borne diseases, and thereby improve the quality of life of the population. Nonetheless the following still persisted ; 2,600 cases of gastroenteritis in Seremban in 1982 81 cases of infectious hepatitis in Raub in 1987 940 cases of infectious hepatitis in Kota Belud in 1988 300 cases of typhoid fever in Johor Bahru in 1990 1278 cases of cholera mostly in Pulau Pinang in May 1996


NATIONAL DRINKING WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE (NDWQSP) PROGRAM : NATIONAL DRINKING WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE (NDWQSP) PROGRAM


ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES : ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Controlling of pollution at source Supplying of potable water Testing of water Surveillance of drinking water quality Water Purveyor , Min. Energy, Water & Comm. Ministry of Health Chemistry Department Laboratory Department of Environment


SURVEILLANCE : SURVEILLANCE Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Programme Implemented nationwide in 1986 by MOH as a key preventive health programme. Continual improvement  zero defects. Alert public health and water supply personnel  deterioration in drinking water quality  preventive /remedial measures before occurrence of outbreaks /intoxication. Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia


Figure: Number of samples taken for analysis under the  NDWQSP by year : Figure: Number of samples taken for analysis under the NDWQSP by year


QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM : QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM


Water Treatment Systems : Most water treatment plant in the country are conventional treatment plant employing chemical aided flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and chlorination most plants are old and need upgrading and refurbishment cannot adequately removed pesticides and heavy metal from contaminated raw water cannot effectively removed viruses and parasites such as cryptosporodium , Wisconsin, USA in 1993 Water Treatment Systems


Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Programme : Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Programme WORKING PHILOSOPHY PHASE I : Inter / Intra department coordination PHASE II : Legislation SCOPE OF COVERAGE : All public water supply systems Private such as resort/estates Rural Water Supply system (MOH)


ACHEIVEMENT : ACHEIVEMENT Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia Water Supply system in Malaysia: Urban - Estimated 24 mil (98.2%) populations served by public water supply from total 92,283km pipelines and 464 no’s of water treatment plants Rural Areas – Estimated about 95.25% of houses with total 1.7 mil of houses supplied by clean water.


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ACHEIVEMENT : ACHEIVEMENT Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia Sanitation system in Malaysia: In rural area at the end of 2006, 98.02% provided with sanitary latrine, 56.90% have proper sullage disposal system and 66.70% have proper solid waste disposal system The National Sewerage Project for urban sewerage project and the rehabilitation and rationalization of sewerage treatment plants which lead to optimization of resources.


RESULTS : RESULTS


CHOLERA : CHOLERA Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia


DYSENTRY : DYSENTRY Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia


TYPHOID : TYPHOID Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia


CONCLUSIONS : CONCLUSIONS Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia Improved water supply and sanitation has been the key elements of preventive health. Regular monitoring , adequate maintenance and proper education is important to ensure safe water and sanitation. Implementing Water Safety Plan Adopting Advance Water Treatment Technologies Integrated Management of Water Catchments Safe Drinking Water Act


THANK YOU : THANK YOU Engineering Services Division Ministry of Health, Malaysia