4BG107

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Teach Evolution! Learn Science! Who: Professor Marcie McClure mars@parvati.msu.montana.edu 994-7370 Text: Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution by Li and Grauer From the Big Bang to Bioinformatics From the primordial soup to Bioethics Molecular Evolution MB437 and Advances in Molecular Evolution MB537 Fall, 2008, Tu/Th 11-12:15 Lewis Hall 110

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Where did the elements come from? Star are the carbon of the Universe. Star death is the source of all life. The ratios of compounds in organisms and interstellar objects are about the same. What did we cover on Tuesday?

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MOLECULAR EVOLUTION MB437 and ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR EVOLUTION MB537 SYLLABUS Lecture 1 8/28/07 Comments. Organization & Introduction Lecture 2 8/30/07 Evolution: the Big Picture Lecture 3 9/4/07 The BIG BANG and formation of the elements necessary for life. Lecture 4 9/6/07 Biogenesis I: The primitive earth and the prebiotic soup. Lecture 5 9/11/07 Biogenesis II: Self-assembly, Energetics and Bioinformational Molecules. Lecture 6 9/13/07 Biogenesis III: Protein or Nucleic Acids first? RNA or DNA? Lecture 7 9/18/07 open discussion Lecture 8 9/20/07 The RNA world: the three Domains of life and LUCA or LUCC. Lecture 9 9/25/07 Origin of the Genetic Code and more on LUCC Lecture 10 9/27/07 Genomes: Content and Architecture Lecture 11 10/2/07 Mutation: nucleotide substitutions and amino acid replacements. Lecture 12 10/4/07 Methods: Analyzing sequences: rates/patterns. Lecture 13 10/09/07 mid-term I????? Lecture 14 10/11/07 open discussion Lecture 15 10/16/07 Molecular Phylogeny I: History, terms, definitions, and limits. Lecture 16 10/18/07 Molecular Phylogeny II: How to determine a phylogenetic tree. Lecture 17 10/23/07 Molecular Phylogeny III: Improvements and Extensions to Genome Trees. Lecture 18 10/25/07 WHATS NEW? Bayesian and HMM Approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction. Lecture 19 10/30/07 Deviation from Tree-like behavior: horizontal transmission of information. Lecture 20 11/1/07 mid-term II????? Lecture 21 11/6/07 Convergent Evolution: the antifreeze story. Lecture 22 11/8/07 Evolution of Viruses. Lecture 23 11/13/07 Retroid Agents: eukaryotic hosts and disease states. Lecture 24 11/15/07 Do viral RNA polymerases share ancestry? Lecture 25 11/20/07 Bioethics of the Human Genome Project/ Introduction to Bioinformatics. 11/21-23/07 THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY Lecture 26 11/27/07 Lecture 27 11/29/07 Lecture 28 12/4/07 Lecture 29 12/6/07

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Levels of Evolution Particulate Galactic Stellar Planetary Chemical Biological Cultural THE FUTURE

The Next Three Lectures Will Cover:: 

The Next Three Lectures Will Cover: The early earth environment Prebiotic chemistry Energetics Self-assembly processes Bioinformational molecules From small to large--chemical approach From the complex to simple--biological approach Geological approach--most recent data There are three approaches to the study of the origin of life: C) Structure of the arguments Speculation and research on the origin of life. B) We will cover five stages:

The arguments supporting the plausibility of the occurrence of biogenesis are based on three principles:: 

The arguments supporting the plausibility of the occurrence of biogenesis are based on three principles: The principle of continuity: Models or ideas which present a continuous evolutionary pathway from proposed origins to the current evolutionary life forms are more plausible than models that are gapped or discontinuous between the origin and the current evolved form. 2) The principle of ubiquity: Ubiquitous conditions are more plausible than specialized cases, unless the special case is in some way fundamental. 3) The principle of robustness: Robust models should be fairly independent of precise environmental conditions. Plausible models of biogenesis should include: 1) the synthetic process 2) concentration mechanisms 3) degradation mechanisms

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The Hadean period Hell on Earth

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Microfossils from the Apex Chert, North Pole, Australia. These organisms are Archean in age, approximately 3.465 billion years old, and resemble filamentous prokaryotes.

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What was going on during the Archean period?

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Image of Sharks Bay, Australia extant stromatolites, a cross section of one of these structures, and a closeup of the cyanobacteria that make up the bulk of the feature.

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Tiny, tiny Martians? In a Martian meteorite, patches of carbonate some 50 micrometers across harbor putative fossils like this half-micrometer “tube-like structural form.”

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Basic questions regarding the primitive environment: 1) What was the prebiotic chemistry? 2) What is the accretion process? 3) What was the temperature like in the prebiotic environment? 4) Where did biogenesis take place? Necessary and sufficient components for biogenesis: 1) nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and a little oxygen 2) reasonable temperature range 3) some energy 4) a marine environment

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Glycosidic Bond Sugar-Phosphate Bond

A Plausible Scenario???: 

A Plausible Scenario??? Lets imagine: 1) a dilute seawater solution of 2) the components (aas, carbs, purines, pyrimidines, phosphates, and fatty acids) 3) existed on a lava surface in an intertidal zone 4) subject to a drying and wetting cycle 5) then sodium chloride would precipitate organic anions 6) a variety of covalent bonds would form between all functional groups by condensation reactions