Mobisys 2004 Boston 2

Human Needs and Mobile Devices:Small, Fast & FunBen Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.eduFounding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction LabProfessor, Department of Computer ScienceMember, Institutes for Advanced Computer Studies &Systems ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742: 

Human Needs and Mobile Devices: Small, Fast andamp; Fun Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab Professor, Department of Computer Science Member, Institutes for Advanced Computer Studies andamp; Systems Research University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742

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Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science andamp; Psychology - Information Studies andamp; Education (www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)

User Interface Design Goals: 

User Interface Design Goals Cognitively comprehensible: Consistent, predictable andamp; controllable Affectively acceptable: Mastery, satisfaction andamp; responsibility NOT: Adaptive, autonomous andamp; anthropomorphic

Scientific Approach (beyond user friendly): 

Scientific Approach (beyond user friendly) Specify users and tasks Predict and measure time to learn speed of performance rate of human errors human retention over time Assess subjective satisfaction (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) Accommodate individual differences Consider social, organizational andamp; cultural context

Design Issues: 

Design Issues Input devices andamp; strategies Keyboards, pointing devices, voice Direct manipulation Menus, forms, commands Output devices andamp; formats Screens, windows, color, sound Text, tables, graphics Instructions, messages, help Collaboration andamp; communities Manuals, tutorials, training www.awl.com/DTUI hcibib.org useit.com

Library of Congress: 

Library of Congress Scholars, Journalists, Citizens Teachers, Students

Visible Human Explorer (NLM): 

Visible Human Explorer (NLM) Doctors Surgeons Researchers Students

NASA Environmental Data: 

NASA Environmental Data Scientists Farmers Land planners Students

Bureau of Census: 

Bureau of Census Economists, Policy makers, Journalists Teachers, Students

NSF Digital Government Initiative: 

NSF Digital Government Initiative Find what you need Understand what you Find www.ils.unc.edu/govstat/

International Children’s Digital Libary: 

International Children’s Digital Libary

Zooming User Interfaces: 

Zooming User Interfaces www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/jazz www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/datelens

ZUI: Pocket PhotoMesa: 

ZUI: Pocket PhotoMesa www.windsorinterfaces.com

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Leonardo’s Laptop The old computing is about what computers can do, The New Computing is about what people can do mitpress.mit.edu/leonardoslaptop www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/newcomputing

An Inspirational Muse: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519): 

An Inspirational Muse: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Renaissance Man Combined science andamp; art Integrated engineering andamp; esthetics Balanced technology advances andamp; human values Merged visionary andamp; practical

Health & Wellness Devices: 

Health andamp; Wellness Devices More people are familiar with technologies Low cost makes them widely available ?Social shift? to take greater responsibility for personal health care, fitness andamp; wellness  Personal health andamp; wellness devices However: Lack of common interface inhibits growth Lack of common file format prevents collaboration Surveys: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/iHealth/ Class Projects: www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2004/cmsc434/

Health & Wellness Devices: 

Health andamp; Wellness Devices Monitoring chronic conditions Asthma, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure Depression, anxiety, sleep disorders Aging in place Cognitive andamp; memory aids, monitoring, social interaction Sports andamp; training Pedometers, body fat meters, bathroom scales Family history andamp; personal health records Genetic history, vaccinations, medications, allergies Emergency treatment info, medical contacts www.marketresearch.com/map/prod/924670.html

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Blood Glucose www.homediagnosticsinc.com/

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Blood Pressure & Pulse Rate: 

Blood Pressure andamp; Pulse Rate www.promedproducts.com

Heart Rate & Thermometer: 

Heart Rate andamp; Thermometer

Body Fat: 

Body Fat www.linear-software.com/digitalcalipers.html

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Standardize andamp; Improve Health andamp; Wellness Devices Issues Ease of use Accuracy of device in use Logging to common file format Save/Send to health providers Annotation by patient andamp; physician Interpretation of results Visualize to spot patterns

HCI Theories: 

HCI Theories Beneficial theories: - Descriptive - Explanatory - Predictive - Prescriptive but the big step forward will be - Generative Theories to guide our invention of new technologies

Human Needs: 

Human Needs What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop?

Human Needs: 

Human Needs What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want?

Human Needs: 

Human Needs What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want? What do you want to store?

Human Needs: 

Human Needs What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want? What do you want to store? What messages do you want to get? Send?

Human Needs: 

Human Needs What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want? What do you want to store? What messages do you want to get? Send? Do you see a pattern yet?

Mobile Device User Interface Taxonomy (DUIT): 

Mobile Device User Interface Taxonomy (DUIT) (1) capture info from a location share info to a location (2) monitor info stream output alert when info stream changes (3) locate objects (nearest cafe or hotspot) identify objects (name of a person or flower) (4) gather messages from many people spread message to many people (5) participate as individual in a group relate to individual in a group

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Relationships Self: working on your own Family andamp; Friends: 2-50 close intimates Colleagues andamp; Neighbors: 50-5000 acquaintances Citizens andamp; Markets: 5000 and more   Human Needs for Relationships

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Activities Collect: Information Relate: Communication Create: Innovation Donate: Dissemination Human Needs for Activities

Activities and Relationship Table (ART): 

Activities and Relationship Table (ART) Relationships Self Family andamp; Friends   Colleagues andamp; Neighbors    Citizenry andamp; Markets   Activities Collect Relate Create Donate Skeptics corner - Are relationships more complex? - Are these useful activities?

Activities and Relationship Table (ART): 

Activities and Relationship Table (ART) Relationships Self Family andamp; Friends   Colleagues andamp; Neighbors    Citizenry andamp; Markets   Activities Collect Relate Create Donate

Activities and Relationship Table (ART): 

Activities and Relationship Table (ART) Activities Collect Relate Create Donate Relationships Self Family andamp; Friends   Colleagues andamp; Neighbors    Citizenry andamp; Markets  

Takeaway Messages: 

Takeaway Messages Mobile devices are huge opportunity Small, fast andamp; fun Low-cost, easy-to-use, specific service Focusing on human needs will guide you to more successful product designs Device User Interface Taxonomy (DUIT) Activities andamp; Relationship Table (ART)

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Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory www.cs.umd.edu/hcil The old computing is about what computers can do, The New Computing is about what people can do

Takeaway Messages: 

Takeaway Messages Design functions to serve human needs Usability + reliability to prevent frustration Engage users with fun Alluring metaphors Compelling content Attractive graphics Appealing animations Satisfying sounds

Photo Annotation: 

Photo Annotation Annotating andamp; repurposing photos in the Semantic Web context Retrieve by personal attributes: name, date, topic? age, country, organization?? weight, necksize, hair color????? Retrieve by mediated attributes: numbers of papers/citations in WWW other conferences they attended names of students they supervised

Goals of Public Access : 

Goals of Public Access  Enable full participation by every citizen Voting, social security services, passports, licenses, registrations, permits, recreation, state-county-city government services Offer services to many residents andamp; visitors Visa applications, tourism info, employment, healthcare, police, fire, education, training, museums, parks, libraries

Universal Usability Challenges: 

Universal Usability Challenges Technology variety Fast andamp; slow modems, small andamp; large displays Diverse platforms, multiple versions User diversity Novice andamp; expert, old andamp; young Users with disabilities, poor literacy, or low motivation Bridge the gap between what users know and what they need to know Multi-layer interfaces Help vs. ShowMe!

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Technology variety 1 to 100 range in processor speeds 286 486 Pentium 1 to 100 range in screen sizes Palm devices Laptops Large Desktop or Wall Display 30,000 480,000 3,840,000 pixels Software Versions Compatibility File conversion Multiple platforms Device Independence Input: keyboard, speech,... Output: visual, auditory,... Conversion

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User diversity: Accommodate all users Skills Computer newbie to hacker Knowledge Domain novice to expert Age Young to old Gender Male or Female Income Impoverished to wealhy Disabilities Visual, auditory, motoric, cognitive Disabling conditions Mobility, injury, noise, sunlight

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Race Ethnicity Religion National Origin Literacy Fluent to illiterate Multiple languages Culture Western, Eastern, developing... Personality Introvert vs extravert Thinking vs feeling Risk aversion Locus of control Planful vs playful User diversity: Accommodate all users

Gaps in User Knowledge-Strategies: 

Online help Context sensitive, tables of contents, Indexes, Keyword search, FAQs, answer gardens Gaps in User Knowledge-Strategies Bridge the gap between what users know and what they need to know Design Multi-Layered Task-oriented Training Fade-able scaffolding Training wheels Minimalist Online Learning (evolutionary, phased) Introductory tutorials Getting started manuals, Cue cards Walkthroughs/Demos Minimalist/Active

Gaps in User Knowledge-Strategies: 

Community Newsgroups, online communities Chat rooms Customer service Email Phone Help desks Gaps in User Knowledge-Strategies Bridge the gap between what users know and what they need to know Supplements Online manuals, paper Audio, video, Live lecture, peer training, personal trainer

Public Access & Universal Usability: 

Public Access andamp; Universal Usability Our Project Resources www.ils.unc.edu/govstat www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/newcomputing www.universalusability.org www.otal.umd.edu/uupractice Government Access www.usability.gov www.firstgov.gov www.fedstats.gov Guidelines www.usability.gov/pdfs/guidelines.html www.access-board.gov/sec508/status.htm

Designing the User Interface: 4th Edition: 

Designing the User Interface: 4th Edition I: Introduction 1  Usability of Interactive Systems 2  Guidelines, Principles, and Theories II: Development Processes 3  Managing Design Processes   4  Evaluating Interface Designs 5  Software Tools   III: Interaction Styles 6  Direct Manipulation and Virtual Environments   7  Menu Selection, Form Fillin, and Dialog Boxes   8  Command and Natural Languages   9  Interaction Devices   10  Collaboration   IV: Design Issues 11  Quality of Service   12  Balancing Function and Fashion   13  User Manuals, Online Help, and Tutorials   14  Information Search and Visualization  

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Treemap – Monitoring www.hivegroup.com

Treemap – Gene Ontology: 

Treemap – Gene Ontology www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap/

Dynamometers & Inclinometers: 

Dynamometers andamp; Inclinometers

Information Visualization: 

Information Visualization The eye… the window of the soul, is the principal means by which the central sense can most completely and abundantly appreciate the infinite works of nature. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519)

PhotoMesa: 

PhotoMesa www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/photomesa

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LifeLines www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/lifelines/

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Treemap: Stock market, industry clustered : 

Treemap: Stock market, industry clustered

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www.hivegroup.com Treemap – Product catalogs

Personal Medical : 

Personal Medical Anxiety andamp; Depression Asthma